Genealogy and Analysis of Pre-Islamic Lyrical Prose Stories
Subject Areas :
Persian Language & Literature
Mir jalil Akrami
1
,
Rashid Asadi Valiloo
2
1 - Professor, Persian Language and Literature Dept., Literature and Foreign Languages Faculty, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran
2 - Ph.D. Candidate, Persian Language and Literature Dept., Literature and Foreign Languages Faculty, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran
Received: 2020-05-25
Accepted : 2020-08-27
Published : 2021-01-20
Keywords:
Aberdat and Pantea,
Ardeshir and Golnar,
Zaryadres and Adatis,
Lyrical Prose Stories,
Hezar Afsan,
Abstract :
The Genre of lyric in Persian literature both in prose and in poetry is more comprehensive than the other types. Unfortunately, most scholars' research in this area, both pre-Islamic and post-Islamic, focuses on poetry and less on prose. Due to this negligence, this research tries to show what is the reason of being unknown for some of these stories by introducing and analyzing four of these stories tries to show how did these texts survive in the post-Islamic era? Some of these stories, although they were verbally prevalent among the people, but were not written in pre-Islamic Persian languages, and only a few of them came to the next era, but the Greeks have brought them in their works. Some although were recorded in the Greek works, but the oral tradition, retained them and brought them to the next era with some changes. The story of Golnar and Ardeshir which is included in the book of Ardeshir Babakan in Pahlavi language, was later directly a reference for Ferdowsi to make it a poem. But Hezarafsan tales have gone a long way and it was important for the non-Persians rather than Persians. Arabs translated it into One Thousands and One Nights alf-Lailat and Laila with some changes.
References:
1. آثنایس (1386)، ایرانیات در بزم فرزانگان، ترجمۀ جلال خالقی مطلق، تهران: دایره المعارف بزرگ اسلامی.
ابن اسحاق ندیم، محمد (1366)، الفهرست، ترجمة رضا تجدد، تهران: امیر کبیر.
3.اسعد گرگانی، فخرالدین (1337)، ویس و رامین، محمد جعفر محجوب، تهران: بنگاه نشر اندیشه.
باقری، مهری (1380) تاریخ زبان فارسی، چاپ ششم، تهران: قطره.
بروستر، اسکات (1395)، شعر غنایی، ترجمة رحیم کوشش، تهران: سبزان.
تفضلی، احمد (1373)، تاریخ ادبیات ایران پیش ار اسلام، چاپ سوم، تهران: سخن.
ذوالفقاری، حسن (1394)، یکصد منظومة عاشقانه فارسی، چاپ دوم، تهران: چرخ.
زرینکوب، عبدالحسین (1372)، شعر بیدروغ شعر بی نقاب، چاپ هفتم، تهران: علمی.
زیدری نسوی، شهابالدین محمد (1370)، نفثهالمصدور، تصحیح و توضیح امیرحسن یزدگردی، چاپ دوم، تهران: ویراستار.
ستاری، جلال (1368)، افسون شهرزاد، پژوهشی در هزار افسان، بیجا: توس.
شفیعی کدکنی، محمد رضا (1386)، زمینههای اجتماعی شعر فارسی، تهران: اختران.
شمیسا، سیروس (1378)، انواع ادبی، چاپ ششم، تهران: فردوس.
صفا، ذبیح الله (1387)، حماسهسرایی در ایران، تهران: امیر کبیر.
فردوسی (1384)، شاهنامه، به کوشش جلال خالقی و محمود امید سالار، دفتر ششم، نیویورک: بنیاد میراث ایران.
فرهوشی، بهرام (1354)، کارنامة اردشیر بابکان، تهران: دانشگاه تهران.
گزنفون (1388)، زندگی کوروش، ترجمة ابوالحسن تهامی، تهران: نگاه.
محجوب، محمدجعفر (1386)، ادبیات عامیانه ایران، به کوشش حسن ذوالفقاری، جلد اول و دوم، چاپ سوم، تهران: چشمه.
مسعودی، علیبن الحسین (1344)، مروجالذهب و معادنالجوهر، ترجمة ابوالقاسم پاینده، جلد اول، تهران: علمی و فرهنگی.
نظامی، الیاسبن یوسف (1313)، خسرو و شیرین، تصحیح وحید دستگردی، مطبعه ارمغان.
نوابی، ماهیار (1374)، یادگار زریران، تهران: اساطیر.
مقالات
بویس، مری (1384)، «زریادرس و زریر»، یشت فرزانگی: جشننامة دکتر محسن ابوالقاسمی، ترجمة کتایون صارمی، سیروس نصرالله زاده و عسگر بهرامی، تهران: هرمس.
پیروز، غلامرضا (1381)، «ادبیات غنایی و جلوههای آن در ایران پیش از اسلام»، پژوهشنامة علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، سال دوم، شمارة 6 و 7.
خالقی مطلق، جلال (1384)، «زریر»، دانشنامة زبان و ادب فارسی، به سرپرستی اسماعیل سعادت، جلد سوم، تهران، فرهنگستان زبان و ادب فارسی.
خاتمی، احمد و مونا احمدی (1391)، «کهنریشة ادبیات غنایی»، فصلنامة تحقیقات تعلیمی و غنایی زبان و ادب فارسی، شمارة پیاپی13.
خراسانی، محبوبه و شهلا حاج طالبی (1393)، «بررسی تطبیقی داستانهای هزارویک شب با داستانهای هفت پیکر»، فصلنامة زبان و ادبیات غنایی، سال چهارم، شمارۀ یازدهم.
شکوهی، فریبا (1384)، «الف لیله و لیله»، دانشنامه زبان و ادب فارسی، سرپرستی اسماعیل سعادت، جلد اول، تهران، فرهنگستان زبان و ادب فارسی
صافی، حامد (1395)، «منابع کار فردوسی در داستان اردشیربابکان»، پژوهشنامۀ ادب حماسی، دورۀ 12، شماره پیاپی 22.
ناصری، فرشته (1394)، «مروری بر تاریخچه ادبیات غنایی در ایران»، فصلنامة زبان و ادبیات غنایی، سال پنجم، شماره 14.
_||_
Athenais (2007). Iranians in the Feast of the Wise. trans. by Jalal Khaleghi Motlagh. Tehran: The Great Islamic Encyclopedia.
Ibn Ishaq Nadim, Mohammad (1366). Index. trans. by Reza Tajaddad. Tehran: Amir Kabir.
Asad Gorgani, Fakhreddin (1337). Weiss and Ramin. Mohammad Jafar Mahjoub. Tehran: Andisheh Publishing Company
Scott Brewster (2016). Lyrical Poetry. trans. by Rahim Kooshesh. Tehran: Sabzan
Bagheri, Mehri (2001) History of Persian Language. Sixth Edition. Tehran: Ghazareh
Tafazli, Ahmad (1373). History of Pre-Islamic Iranian Literature. Third Edition. Tehran: Sokhan Publications
Zolfaghari, Hassan (2015). One Hundred Persian Love Poems. Second Edition. Tehran: Charkh Publications
Zarrinkoob, Abdolhossein (1993). Poetry without lies Poetry without mask. seventh edition. Tehran: Scientific Publications
Zeidari Nesavi, Shahabuddin Mohammad (1370). Nafsa Al-Masdoor. Correction and explanation by Amir Hassan Yazdgerdi. second edition, Tehran: Editor
Sattari, Jalal (1989). The Enchantment of Shahrzad-Research in Hezar Afsan. Bija: Toos Publications
Shafiee Kadkani, Mohammad Reza (2007). Social Backgrounds of Persian Poetry. First Edition. Tehran: Akhtaran
Shamisa, Sirus (1999). Literary Types. sixth edition, Tehran: Ferdows
Safa, Zabihollah (2008). Epic writing in Iran. Tehran: Amir Kabir
Ferdowsi (2005). Shahnameh. edited by Jalal Khaleghi and Mahmoud Omid Salar. Sixth Office, New York: Iranian Heritage Foundation
Farahvashi, Bahram (1975). Biography of Ardeshir Babakan. Tehran: University of Tehran
Xenophon (2009). The Life of Cyrus. trans. by Abolhassan Tahami. Tehran: Negah
Mahjoub, Mohammad Jafar (2007). Iranian Folk Literature, by Hassan Zolfaghari, Volumes I and II, Third Edition, Tehran: Cheshmeh Publishing
Masoudi, Ali Ibn Al-Hussein (1344). Promoters of Gold and Minerals. trans. by Abolghasem Payende. Volume 1. Tehran: Scientific and Cultural Publications
Nezami, Elias Ibn Yusuf (1313). Khosrow and Shirin. edited by Vahid Dastgerdi. Armaghan Press
Navabi, Mahyar (1374). Yadegar Zariran. Tehran: Asatir Publications
Articles:
Boyce Mary (2005). "Zaryadres and Zarir". trans. by Katayoun Saremi, Yasht Farzangi Dr. Mohsen Abolghasemi. Sirus Nasrollahzadeh and Asgar Bahrami. Tehran, Hermes
Pirooz, Gholamreza (2002). "Lyrical literature and its effects in pre-Islamic Iran". Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences. second year. sixth and seventh issues
Khaleghi Motlagh, Jalal (2005). "Zarir". Encyclopedia of Persian Language and Literature. under the supervision of Ismail Saadat. Volume 3. Tehran, Academy of Persian Language and Literature.
Khatami, Ahmad and Ahmadi, Mena (2012). "The Ancient Roots of Lyrical Literature" Quarterly Journal of Educational and Lyrical Research in Persian Language and Literature. Serial Issue 13.
Shokohi, Fariba (13849). "A. Laila and Laila". Encyclopedia of Persian Language and Literature, supervised by Ismail Saadat. Volume 1. Tehran: Academy of Persian Language and Literature
Safi, Hamed (2016). "Sources of Ferdowsi's work in the story of Ardeshir Babakan". Journal of Epic Literature. Volume 12, Number. Serial Number 22.
Naseri, Fereshteh (2015). "A Review of the History of Lyrical Literature in Iran". Quarterly in Dari. Fifth Year, No. 14.
Athenais (2007). Iranians in the Feast of the Wise. trans. by Jalal Khaleghi Motlagh. Tehran: The Great Islamic Encyclopedia.
Ibn Ishaq Nadim, Mohammad (1366). Index. trans. by Reza Tajaddad. Tehran: Amir Kabir.
Asad Gorgani, Fakhreddin (1337). Weiss and Ramin. Mohammad Jafar Mahjoub. Tehran: Andisheh Publishing Company
Scott Brewster (2016). Lyrical Poetry. trans. by Rahim Kooshesh. Tehran: Sabzan
Bagheri, Mehri (2001) History of Persian Language. Sixth Edition. Tehran: Ghazareh
Tafazli, Ahmad (1373). History of Pre-Islamic Iranian Literature. Third Edition. Tehran: Sokhan Publications
Zolfaghari, Hassan (2015). One Hundred Persian Love Poems. Second Edition. Tehran: Charkh Publications
Zarrinkoob, Abdolhossein (1993). Poetry without lies Poetry without mask. seventh edition. Tehran: Scientific Publications
Zeidari Nesavi, Shahabuddin Mohammad (1370). Nafsa Al-Masdoor. Correction and explanation by Amir Hassan Yazdgerdi. second edition, Tehran: Editor
Sattari, Jalal (1989). The Enchantment of Shahrzad-Research in Hezar Afsan. Bija: Toos Publications
Shafiee Kadkani, Mohammad Reza (2007). Social Backgrounds of Persian Poetry. First Edition. Tehran: Akhtaran
Shamisa, Sirus (1999). Literary Types. sixth edition, Tehran: Ferdows
Safa, Zabihollah (2008). Epic writing in Iran. Tehran: Amir Kabir
Ferdowsi (2005). Shahnameh. edited by Jalal Khaleghi and Mahmoud Omid Salar. Sixth Office, New York: Iranian Heritage Foundation
Farahvashi, Bahram (1975). Biography of Ardeshir Babakan. Tehran: University of Tehran
Xenophon (2009). The Life of Cyrus. trans. by Abolhassan Tahami. Tehran: Negah
Mahjoub, Mohammad Jafar (2007). Iranian Folk Literature, by Hassan Zolfaghari, Volumes I and II, Third Edition, Tehran: Cheshmeh Publishing
Masoudi, Ali Ibn Al-Hussein (1344). Promoters of Gold and Minerals. trans. by Abolghasem Payende. Volume 1. Tehran: Scientific and Cultural Publications
Nezami, Elias Ibn Yusuf (1313). Khosrow and Shirin. edited by Vahid Dastgerdi. Armaghan Press
Navabi, Mahyar (1374). Yadegar Zariran. Tehran: Asatir Publications
Articles:
Boyce Mary (2005). "Zaryadres and Zarir". trans. by Katayoun Saremi, Yasht Farzangi Dr. Mohsen Abolghasemi. Sirus Nasrollahzadeh and Asgar Bahrami. Tehran, Hermes
Pirooz, Gholamreza (2002). "Lyrical literature and its effects in pre-Islamic Iran". Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences. second year. sixth and seventh issues
Khaleghi Motlagh, Jalal (2005). "Zarir". Encyclopedia of Persian Language and Literature. under the supervision of Ismail Saadat. Volume 3. Tehran, Academy of Persian Language and Literature.
Khatami, Ahmad and Ahmadi, Mena (2012). "The Ancient Roots of Lyrical Literature" Quarterly Journal of Educational and Lyrical Research in Persian Language and Literature. Serial Issue 13.
Shokohi, Fariba (13849). "A. Laila and Laila". Encyclopedia of Persian Language and Literature, supervised by Ismail Saadat. Volume 1. Tehran: Academy of Persian Language and Literature
Safi, Hamed (2016). "Sources of Ferdowsi's work in the story of Ardeshir Babakan". Journal of Epic Literature. Volume 12, Number. Serial Number 22.
Naseri, Fereshteh (2015). "A Review of the History of Lyrical Literature in Iran". Quarterly in Dari. Fifth Year, No. 14.