Investigation of soil invertebrates diversity in the areas of aforestation, garden and farm in the Kiapey village of Sari, Mazandaran province

Subject Areas : forest

Shirzad Mohammadnezhad Kiasari ¹ , farid Mahram ² , Yosef Niknezhad ³

1 - استادیار پژوهش، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی مازندران
2 - دانشجوی کارشناس ارشد دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات آیت اله آملی، ایران.
3 - استادیار گروه کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات آیت اله آملی، ایران.

Received: 2015-04-12 Accepted : 2015-09-04 Published : 2015-09-22

Keywords: Richness, Evenness, Wheat, citrus, Caucasian oak, cancola,

Abstract :

The objective of this research was to evaluate soil invertebrates diversity within Wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) field, Cancola (Brassica napus L.) field, Thompson (Citrus sinensis L.) garden and Oak aforestation (Quercus castaneifolia C. A. Mey.) in Kiapey. One sample plot, each 1 ha was selected in every teatments. In each sample plot 10 microplots were selected random-systematically. Invertebrates were sampled in summer with using 40 core. The fourteen groups of soil invertebrates in each sample were extracted by Berlese funnel and counted by Binocular. All invertebrates were dried at 60◦C in oven and weighed with 0.001 gr precision. Density and biomass of soil invertebrates namely Earthworms, Collembola, Diplopoda, Isopoda, Chilopoda, Protura, Pseudoscorpions, Aranea, Symphyla, Diplura, Pauropoda, Opiliones, other Insects and larvae were measured. The results of this research showed that the decreasing of soil invertebrates diversity index in these treatments was respectively as aforestation of Oak, Thompson garden, Cancola field and wheat field. According to Shannon index the soil invertebrates diversity in the Oak aforestation was significantly greater than the other treatments and on Simpson index the soil invertebrates diversity in Oak aforestation, Thompson garden and Cancola fields was in the first place (p= 0.05). In terms of soil invertebrates diversity, the wheat field is at the lowest level and Oak aforestation is the most appropriate place. The results of this research insists on forestation activities around villages and in the steep terrain of Agriculture recommends on the creation of the garden.  

References:

Refrences

1- Beck, L., Rombke, J., Ruf, A., Prinzing, A., & S. Woas, 2004. Effects of difluben zuron and Bacillus thuriensis var. kurstaki toxin on soil invertebrates of a mixed deciduous forest in the upper Rhine valley, Germany. European Journal of Soil Biology 40(2): 55-62.

2- Coleman, D.C., Crossley J.R., & P.F. Hendrix, 2004. Fundamentals of Soil Ecology, second (ed.), Academic press, San Diego, 143pp..

3- Davis, C.A., Austin, J.E., & D.A. Buhl, 2006. Factors influencing soil invertebrate communities in riparian grasslands of the central platte river floodplain. Wetlands 26(1): 438-454.

4- Forster, B., Garcia, M., Francimari, O., & J. Rombke, 2006. Effects of carbendazim and lambda-cyhalothrin on soil invertebrates and leaf litter decomposition in semi-field and field tests under tropical conditions (Amazonia, Brazil). European Journal of Soil Biology 42(3): 171-179.

5- Hodkinson, I.D., Webb,  N.R., Bale, J.S., Block, w., Coulson, S.J., & A.T. Strathdee, 1998. Global change and arctic ecosystems: conclusions and predictions from experiments with terrestrial invertebrates on Spitsbergen. Arctic and Alpine Research 30(1): 306-313.

6- Hosseini S.M., Makhtom M.,  Akbarinia M., & Kh. Sagheb-talebi, 2000. Methods of forest ecological potential. Journal of Environmental Studies 26(25): 55-66.

7- Jahantigh A., 2001. A simple Guide to the Use of Statistical Methods in Scientific Research with Using of SPSS Software, Arkan publishing unit, 189pp.

8- Kurcheva, G.F., 1972. Soil invertebrate: of trans-carpathian forests. Pedobiologia 12(1): 381-400.

9- Lavelle, P., Decaens, T., Aubert, M., Barot, S., Blouin, M., Bureau, F., Margerie, P., Mora, P., & J.P. Rossi, 2006. Soil invertebrates and ecosystem services. European Journal of Soil Biology 42: 3-15.

10- Mahram F., 2003. Investigation of wheat and canola farm activities on vegetation components biodiversity and soil macro organisms biodiversity in sari region (Case study: Kiapey area). Collage of Agriculture Department of Agronomy, M.Sc. Thesis, Islamic Azad University Science and research Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Mazandaran, 84pp.

11- Maria De Aquino, A., Da Silva, R.F., Mercante, F.M., Correia, M.E.F., Guimaraes, M.F., & P. Lavelle, 2008. Invertebrate soil macrofauna under different ground cover plants in the no-till system in the Cerrado. European Journal od Soil Biology 44(4): 191-197.

12- Mboukou - Kimbatsa, I., Bernhard -Reversat, F., Loumeto, J.J., Ngao, J., & P. Lavelle, 2007. Understory vegetation, soil structure and soil invertebrates in Congolese eucalypt plantations, with Special reference to the invasive plant Chromolaena odorata and earthworm populations. European Journal of Soil Biology 43(3): 48-56.

13- Mohammadnezhad Kiasari, s., Sagheb-Talebi, K., Rahmani, R, & O. Ghasemi Chapi, 2009. Seasonal variation of earthworm abundances and biomass in natural forests and plantations (North of Iran). Caspian J. Env. Sci. 7(2): 87-98.

14- Mohammadnezhad kiasari Sh., Sagheb-Talebi Kh., Rahmani R., & H. Amozad. 2011. Soil Invertebrates Diversity at Natural and Planted Forests in Sari region (In the Depth of 0-10 cm of Soil). Journal of Sciences and Techniques in Natural Resources 6(2): 55-69.

15-Mohammadnezhad kiasari Sh.,Shahi difar H.,Kialashaki A., &F. Yazdian. 2014.Assessment of Quantitative and Qualitative trees and Biodiversity (vegetation and Soil Invertebrates) at Management and unmange ment Apple forestations in Neka forests (Case study: Lakshah area). In: Tabiat Sabz. National Conference of Hyrcanian forests manage ment in north of Iran, 23 and 24 of September, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, 190 pp.

16- Mulder, C., 2006. Driving forces from soil invertebrates to ecosystem functioning: the allometric perspective. Naturwissensch aften 93(4): 1432-1904.

17- Natural resources general office of Sari, 1996. Manual of Zarrinabad forest manage ment plan. Forests and Rangelands Organization of Iran, Forestry section, Mazandaran, 154pp.

18- Oatenand, D. K., & K.W. Larsen, 2008. Stand characteristics of three forest types within the dry interior forests of British Columbia, Canada: Implications for biodiversity, Forest Ecology and Manage ment 256(1-2): 114-120.

19- Sayer, J., Chokkalingam, U. & J. Poulsen. 2004. The restoration of forest biodiversity and ecological values. Forest Ecology and Management 201: 3-11.    

20- Rahmani R., & N. Saleh-Rastin, 2000. Abundance, vertical distribution and seasonal changes in Earthworm population of Oak-Hornbeam and Beech forest in Neka, Caspian forests. Iran. Iranian J. Natural Res. 53(1): 37-52.

21- Rahmani R., & H. Zare-Mayvan, 2004. Diversity and assemblage structure of soil invertebrates in Beech, Hornbeam and Oak-Hornbeam forest types. Iranian J. Natural Res. 56(4): 425-436.

22- Vasconcelos, H.L., & W.L. Laurance, 2005. Influence of habitat, litter type, and soil invertebrates on leaf-litter decompo sition in a fragmented Amazonian landscape. Oecologia 144(2): 456-462.

23- Yong-Chun, S., Ying-Bo, G., Da Y., & W. Ji-Yuan, 2006. Diversity of soil invertebrate communities at Yushan Hill, Changshu, Jiangsu province. Biodiversity Science 3(4): 333-338.