The effect of nano potassium fertilizer, potassium sulfate and salicylic acid on physiological characteristics of Calendula officinalis L. under water stress
Subject Areas : GeneticSomayeh Erfani 1 , Mohammadali Rezaei 2 , Farhad Farahvash 3 , Mehrali Mahmoudjanlo 4
1 - Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran
2 - Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran
3 - Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
4 - Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran
Keywords: Calendula Officinalis L, Photosynthetic pigments, Catalase, glycine betaine, : Proline,
Abstract :
Abstract: Lack of water is one of the limiting factors for growth, and oxidative stress is a secondary stress resulting from drought and dehydration. In order to study the levels of potassium nanoclat fertilizers, potassium sulfate and salicylic acid in reducing water effects on a number of physiological indicators of evergreen plants, experimental spring was performed as a factorial based on a completely randomized design with three replications in 1398 in the research greenhouse of Islamic Azad University, Gorgan Branch. Factors involved included irrigation at two levels, consumption of potassium fertilizer at two levels of potassium nanocat and potassium sulfate, and salicylic acid at three levels of zero, one and two milliliters. Physiological traits such as photosynthetic pigments, proline, phenol total, superoxide dismutase, catalase enzyme, soluble sugar, protein and glycine betaine were evaluated. Based on the results of this study, dehydration stress significantly increased the levels of proline, the enzyme peroxidase, the enzyme catalase, glycine betaine and sugar, and reduced the levels of chlorophyll a, b, whole leaves and total protein. The use of salicylic acid leaf in conditions of dehydration stress in concentrations significantly increased sugar, total protein, glycine betaine and total phenol. The use of potassium nanocatalysts and potassium sulfate improved plant tolerance in drought stress conditions and increased physiological traits compared to control.
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Abbasi, G. H., Akhtar, J., Haq, M. A. and Ahmad, N. (2012). Screening of maize hybrids for salt tolerance at seedling stage under hydroponic condition. Soil and Environment. 31: 83-90.
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Amin, A.A., El-Shahin, M., Rashad., H. and El-Bagy, M.H. (2007). Physiological effect of Indol-3-butric acid and Salicylic acid on growth, yield and chemical constituents of Onion plants. Journal of Applied Science Research. 3(11): 1554-1563.
Amiri, A., Bagheri, A.A., Khajeh, M., Najafabadipour, F. and Yadollahi, P. (2014). The effect of silicone foliar application on the performance and activity of safflower antioxidant enzymes in low irrigation conditions. Journal of Agricultural Research. 5 (4): 372-361.
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Azzaz, N.A., Hassan, E.A. and Elemarey, F.A. (2007). Physiological, anatomical, and biochemical studies on pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) plants. African Crop Science Conference Proceeding. 8: 1727-38.
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Bates, L. S., Waldran. R. P. and Teare, I. D. (1973). Rapid determination of free proline for water studies. Plant Soil. 39: 205-208.
Belkhadi, A., Hediji, H., Abbes, Z., Nouairi, I., Barhoumi, Z., Zarrouk, M., Chaibi, W. and Djebali, W. (2010). Effects ofexogenous salicylic acid pre-treatment on cadmium toxicity and leaf lipid content in (Linum usitatissimum L.). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 73(5):1004-1011.
Bradford, M.M. (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry. 72: 248- 254.
Butnariu, M. and Zepa Coradini, C. (2012). Evaluation of biologically active compounds from Calendula officinalis flowers using spectrophotometry. Butnariu and Coradini Chemistry Central Journal. 6 (35): 1-7.
Cakmak, I. (2005). The role of potassium in alleviating detrimental effects of abiotic stresses in plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science. 168: 521-530.
Carlos, A.C.C., Adriano, L.P., Leandro, B.L., Rogerio, P.S. and Giuseppina, P.P.L. (2009). Effects of silicon and drought stress on tuber yield and leaf biochemical characteristics in potato. Crop Science. 49: 949-954.
Chakraborty, K., Bhaduri, D., Meena, H. N. and Kalariya, K. (2016). External potassium (K+) application improves salinity tolerance by promoting Na+ -exclusion, K+ - accumulation and osmotic adjustment in contrasting peanut cultivars. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 103: 143-153.
Ciosamarde, A. (2003). Physiological aspects of wheat cultivars in relation to drought resistance. PhD Thesis, Department of Agriculture and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran.
Damayanthi, M.M.N., Mohtti, A.J. and Nissanka, S.P. (2010). Comparison of tolerant ability of mature field grown tea (Camellia sinensis L.) cultivars exposed to a drought stress in Passara Area. Tropical Agriculture Research. 22: 66-75.
Dehghan Niri, F., Saffari, V. R. and Maghsoudi Moud, A.A. (2016). Salicylic acid effects on stomatal characteristics and some growth of calendula plants (Calendula officinalis L.) under salt stress. Journal of Horticultural Science. 47(2):193-202.
Dehqanzadeh, H., Khajehpour, M.R., Heidari Sharif Abad, H. and Soleimani, A.S. (2008). Effect of limited irrigation on the accumulation of proline, free soluble sugars and potassium in bread wheat cultivars. 10th Iran Cong Agron and Plant Breed Sci. 430p.
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