Evaluation of changes in nitrogen, zinc, and potassium sources and their combined application on some growth factors and physiological traits of maize (Zea mays L.) cultivar single cross 704
Subject Areas : GeneticTahereh Tavan 1 , Mohammadali Rezaei 2 , Mehrali Mahmod Janlou 3
1 - Department of Biology, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran.
2 - Department of Biology, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran.
3 - Department of Biology, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran.
Keywords: Corn, Potassium, Silk, Nitrogen, Zinc,
Abstract :
In order to evaluate the changes resulted from the sources of nitrogen, zinc, and potassium and their simultaneous application on some morphophysiological traits of single cross 704 hybrid maize, a randomized complete block design with four replications was done in the spring and summer of 2019 in Golestan province, the Katoul farm. Treatments included nitrogen (N), potassium (P), and zinc (Z) fertilizers and combined application of nitrogen+potassium(NP), nitrogen+zinc(NZ), potassium+zinc (PZ) and nitrogen+potassium+ zinc (NPZ) with control. The results showed the traits were affected by fertilizer sources significantly (p≤ 0.01). The highest 1000-seed weight was observed in N treatment and simultaneous application of fertilizers. The highest yield was obtained in NPZ treatment. The highest amount of chlorophyll a was obtained in P and NPZ treatments. The highest amount of chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll was obtained in P treatment. The highest grain yield and plant dry weight were in NPZ treatment and the highest ear length and leaf protein were in PZ and NPZ treatments, and the highest grain protein were in NZ and NPZ treatments. The highest content of soluble leaf sugars was observed in Z treatment application, and the highest amount of silk soluble sugars in P treatment and the highest levels of granular soluble sugars were observed in N and P and NPZ treatments.
Abdel-Motagally, F. M. F. and El-Zohri, M. (2016). Improvement of wheat yield grown under drought stress by boron foliar application at different growth stages. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 17: 178-185.
Adeli, S. Khorgami, A. and Rafiee, M.) 2012(. The effect of Zinc sulfate on Yield and qualitative characteristics of varieties of soybean Khorramabad climate. The quarterly Academic Journal of Crop Physiology – Islamic Azad University Ahvaz. 3 (10): 21-31.
Arnon, D.J. (1956). Chlorophyll absorption spectrum and quantitative determination. Biochemical and Biophysical Acta, 20: 449-461.
Ayad, H.S., Reda, F. and Abdalla, M.S.A.)2010(. Effect of putrescine and zinc on vegetative growth, photosynthetic pigments, lipid peroxidation and essential oil content of geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L.). World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 6: 601-608.
Azeem, K., Shah, S., Ahmad, N., Shah, S. T., Khan, F., Arafat, Y., Naz, F., Azeem, I. and Ilyas, M. )2015(. Physiological indices, biomass and economic yield of maize influenced by humic acid and nitrogen levels. Russian Agricultural Sciences, 41:115-119.
Babaei, K., Sharifi, R.S., Pirzad, A. and Khalilzadeh, R. (2017). Effects of bio fertilizer and nano Zn-Fe oxide on physiological traits, antioxidant enzymes activity and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under salinity stress. Journal of Plant Interactions.12:381–389.
Borowiak, K., Gasecka, M., Mleczek, M., Dabrowski, J., Chadzinikolau, T., Magdziak, Z., Golinski, P., Rutkowski, P. and Kozubik, T. (2015(.Photosynthetic activity in relation to
chlorophylls, carbohydrates, phenolics and growth of a hybrid Salix purpurea × triandra × viminalis 2 at various Zn concentrations. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 37: 155
Bouis, H. and Islam, Y. (2011). Biofortifiction: Leveraging agriculture to reduce hidden hunger. 19th World Congress of Soil Science, Soil Solutions for a Changing World. 35: 456-589.
Cambouris, A. N., Ziadi, N., Perron, I., Alotaibi, K. D., St. Luce, M. and Tremblay, N. (2016). Corn yield components response to nitrogen fertilizer as a function of soil texture. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 96(4):386-399.
Chakraborty, K., Bhaduri, D., Meena, H. N. and Kalariya, K. (2016). External potassium (K+) application improves salinity tolerance by promoting Na+-exclusion, K+- accumulation and osmotic adjustment in contrasting peanut cultivars. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 103: 143-153.
FAO, http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC/visualize, 2017.
Gelder, H. V. and Van-gelder, H. H. M. )2006(. Influence of potassium fertilizer application level on oil production and quality in Mentha piperita L. Applied- Plant Science, 2 (2): 68-71.
Ghofran Maghsud, S., Mobasser, H. R. and Fanaei. H. R. (2014). Effect of foliar application and time foliar application microelements (Zn, Fe, Mn) on safflower. Applied Sciences, 3 (4): 396-399.
Grassini, P., Specht, J.E., Tollenaar, M., Ciampitti, I. and Cassman, K. (2015). Chapter 2 – High-yield maize–soybean cropping systems in the US Corn Belt. Crop Physiology (Second Edition). 17-41.
Jahani, R., Hassani, A. and Samadi, A.(2018). Effect of foliar application of urea, aspartic acid and glutamic acid on growth, physiological andbiochemical characteristics of Anise hyssop(Agastache foeniculum). Applied Soil Research, 5 (2): 95 – 107.
Jamsom, M., Galeshi, S.M.H., Pahlavani, D. and Zeinali, E. ( 2009). Evaluation of zinc foliar application on yield components, grain yield and grain quality of tow soybean cultivar in summer cultivation. Journal Plant Product. 16(1): 17-28.
João, C.M., Barreira., Isabel C.F.R. Ferreira, M., Beatriz, P.P., Oliveira, J. and Alberto, P. (2013). Antioxidant activity and bioactive compounds of ten Portuguese regional and commercial almond cultivars. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 46: 2230–2235.
Kafi, M.,Borzoee,A.,Salehi,M.,Kamandi,A.,Masoumi, A. and Nabati, J. (2009). Physiology of Enviromental Stresses in Plants (translated). Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR) Press, Mashhad, Iran
Kanayama, Y. and Kochetov, A. )2015(. Abiotic stress biology in horticultural plants,; Springer, Germany.
Karimi, R. (2017). Potassium-induced freezing tolerance is associated with endogenous abscisic acid, polyamines and soluble sugars changes in grapevine. Scientia Horticultura 215: 184-194.
Karimi, R., Ershadi, A., Rezaei Nejad, A. and Khanizadeh, S. (2016). Abscisic acid alleviates the deleterious effects of cold stress on ‘Sultana’ grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) plants by improving the anti-oxidant activity and photosynthetic capacity of leaves. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 91: 386-395.
Kochert, G. (1978). Carbohydrate determination by the phenol sulfuric acid method, In: Helebust, J.A. Craig, J.S (ed): Handbook of physiological method, pp. 56- 97. Cambridge University. press.Cambridge.
Kaur, A., Bedi, S., Gill, G.K. and Kumar, M. (2015). Effect of nitrogen fertilizers on radiation use efficiency, Crop growth and yield in some maize (Zea mays L) genotypes. Maydica Electronic Public. 57: 75-82.
Khalid, A. K., and Shedeed, M. R., (2015). Effect of NPK and foliar nutrition on growth, yield and chemical constituents in Nigella sativa L. Journal of Mater of Environmental of Science, 6(6): 1709-1714.
Klikocka, H., Kobiałka, A., Szostak, B. and Barczak, B. (2017). Effect of sulphur and nitrogen fertilization on the selenium content and uptake by grain of spring wheat. Journal of Elementology, 22(3): 985-994.
Kumar, K.V., Sudarshan, M.R., Dangi, K.S. and Reddy, S.M. (2013). Character association and path coefficient analysis for seed yield in quality protein maize Zea mays L. Journal of Research Angrau, 41(2):153-157.
Lowry, O.H., Rosebrough, N.J. and Rand, R.J. (1951). Protein measurement with the
folin phenol reagent. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 193: 265-273.
Malnou, C.S., Jaggard, K.W. and Sparkes, D.L., )2008(. Nitrogen fertilizer and the efficiency of the sugar beet crop in late summer. European Journal of Agronomy. 28:47-56.
Moinuddin, A. and Imas, P. )2014(. Potassium uptake in relation to drought tolerance of chickpea under rain-fed conditions. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 37: 1120-1138.
Mubarak, M. U., Zahir, M., Ahmad, S. and Wakeel, A. (2016). Sugar beet yield and industrial sugar contents improved by potassium fertilization under scarce and adequate moisture conditions. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 15: 2620-2626
Noura, M.T., and Nesreen, A.S.H. (2019). Effect of nitrogen fertilization and some foliar applications on growth, yield and quality of two garlic (Allium sativum L) cultivars. Current Science International, 8(1): 212-220.
Oktem, A., Oktem, A.G., and Emeklierc, H.Y. )2010(. Effect of nitrogen on yield and some quality parameters of sweet corn. Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 41: 832-847.
Oloyede, F.M., Obisesan, I.O., Agbaje, G.O. and Obuotor, E.M. (2012). Effect of NPK Fertilizer on Chemical Composition of Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo Linn.) Seeds. ScientificWorld Journal, PP: 1-6.
Perry, T.W., Rhykerd, C.L., Holt, D.A. and Mayo, H.H. (2011). Effect of potassium fertilization on chemical characteristics, yield and nutritive value of corn silage. Journal of Animal Science, 34: 642-646.
Potarzycki, J. and Grzebisz, W. )2009(. Effect of Zinc Foliar Application on Grain Yield of Maize and Its Yielding Components. Plant, Soil and Environment 55(12): 519-527
Rahmani, A., Mirza, M. and Tabaei Aghdai, S.R. )2013(. Effects of different fertilizers (macro and micro element) on quantity and quality of essential oil and other byproducts of Rosa damascena Mill. In Iran. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 29(4): 747-759.
Ranjbar, M., Esmaeilizadeh, M., Karimi, H. R. and Shamshiri, M.H. (2017). Study of foliar application effect of silicon and potassium elements on some biochemical and ecophysiological traits of pistachio seedlings cv. Badami E-Riz Zarand Kerman under salinity stress. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science, 47: 739-752 (in Persian).
Rezaei Moghaddam N., Shahidi V. and Arabzadeh N. )2014(. Effect of potassium fertilizer on the leaf chlorophyll content of chickpea under rainfed conditions in Bardsir of Kerman. The first national conference on sustainable agriculture. February 13,
Rheina, A. F. L. and Silv, M.) 2017(. Nitrogen doses on physiological attributes and yield of sugarcane grown under subsurface drip fertigation. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 40(2): 227–238.
Samsam Shariat, H) .2006). editor. Pharmaceutical plants: classified according to their use in traditional medicine and medicine today. 1st ed. Tehran: Sobhan Edition; p. 344.
Sharma, R., Choudhary, R. and Laljat, B. (2017). Effect of nitrogen and zinc fertilization on growth and productivity of maize. International Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 13(2): 161-176.
Singh, M., Masroor, M., Khan, A. and Naeem, M.(2016). Effect of nitrogen on growth, nutrient assimilation essential oil content, yield and quality attributes in Zingiber officinale Rosc. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 15: 171–178.
Simsek, M., Can, A., Denek, N. and Tonkaz, T. (2011). The effects of different irrigation regimes on yield and silage quality of corn under semi-arid conditions. African Journal of Biotechnology. 10(31): 5869-5877.
Subramanian, K.S., Manikandan, A., Thirunavukkarasu, M. and Sharmila Rahale, C. (2015). Nano-fertilizers for Balanced Crop Nutrition. Nanotechnologies in Food and Agriculture. Rai M, Duran N, Ribeiro C, Mattoso L. Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London. Springer International Publishing Switzerland
Zhao, L., Peralta-Videa, J.R., Rico, C.M., Hernandez-Viezcas, J.A., Sun, Y., Niu, G., Servin, A., Nunez, J.E., Duarte-Gardea, M. and Gardea-Torresdey, J.L. (2014). CeO2 and ZnO nanoparticles change the nutritional qualities of cucumber (Cucumis sativus). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 62:2752–2759.
