Investigating the chemical composition of flower and leaf essential oil Achillea pachycephala Rech. F.
Subject Areas : Genetic
کامکار jaymand
1
(Department of Plant Chemistry, Research Institute of Forests and Ranges, Tehran)
محمدباقر rezaee
2
(Department of Plant Chemistry, Research Institute of Forests and Ranges, Tehran)
Keywords: yarrow, camphor, water distillation, essential oil chemical compounds, trans-pino caroel,
Abstract :
The yarrow genus in Iran has 19 species of perennial and often aromatic herbaceous plants, seven of which are unique to Iran. In this research, the yarrow species with the scientific name Achillea pachycephala Rech. F. It was collected from Damavand peak at an altitude of 3200 to 3800 meters in the beginning of Shahrivar month of 2013. The sample was extracted by water distillation method. The yield of essential oil in flowers was 1.3% and in leaves was 0.5%. The samples were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography connected to mass spectrometer (GC/MS). The major compounds in the flower were trans-pinocarveol (29.2%), limonene (18.2%), myrtenyl acetate (17%) and pinocarvone (11.1%), which totaled 75.5% of 99.9% of the total It includes essential oil, and camphor (33.8 percent), 1,8-cineole (24 percent) and pinocampheol (16 percent) were found in the leaf, which was 73.8 percent out of 99.3 percent of the total essential oil. At the same time, the percentage of identified compounds is of special importance in relation to the species of this genus
مظفریان، ولی ا.... 1377. فرهنگ نامهای گیاهان ایران، چاپ فرهنگ معاصر، صفحه 12-11.
قهرمان، ا. 1365. فلور رنگی ایران، انتشارات موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع، جلد 8، شماره 885..
Achilladelis, B. and Hanson, J.R., 1968. Terpenoid biosynthesis. III. Incorporation of geranyl pyrophosphate into cineole. Phytochemistry, 7 (8), 1317-1319.
Adams, R.P. 1989. Identification of essential oils by Ion traps Mass Spectroscopy. Academic Press, San Diego.
Angihorti, V.K., Lattoo, S.K., Thappa, R.K., Kaul, P. 2005. Chemical variability in the essential oil components of A. millefolium agg in Indian plantamed. 71(3): 280-283.
Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 1990. Official Methods of Analysis, 15th Edition, Edited by Kenneth Helrich, Volatile oil, page 1001.
Benzic, N.M., Skocibusic, B., Kocak, S. 2003. Composition and antimicrobial activity of A. clarennae. J. Essent. Phytotherap, 17(9): 1037-1040.
British Pharmacopoeia. 1988. Vol, 2, pp A137-A138, HMSO. London.
Cernaj, P.; Liptakova, H., Mohr, G.; Repeak, M. and Honcariv, R. 1983. Variability of the content and composition of essential oil during ontogensis of Achillea collina Becker., Herb Hung., 22, 21- 27.
Chandler, R.F.; Hooper, S.N. and Harvey, M.J. 1982. Ethnobotany and phytochemistry of yarrow, Achillea millefolium, Compositae, Econ. Bot., 36, 203–223.
Clausen, J.; Keck, D.D. and Hiersey, W.M. 1948. Experimental studies on the nature of species. III Environmental responses of climatic races of Achillea. Carnegia Inst. Washington publ. Washington 581, pp.132.
Davies, N.W. 1990. Gas Chromatographic Retention Index of Monoterpenes and Sesquiterpenes on Methyl silicone and Carbowax 20 M phases. J. Chromatogr., 503, 1-24.
Eglseer, K., Jurenitsch, J., Saukels, J., Franz, Ch. and Kubelka, W. 1988. Vergleichende untersuchungen des atherischen Oles verschiedener sippen des Achillea millefolium Aggregats., Scientica Pharmaceutica, 56: 15.
Gildemeister, E. and Hoffmann, F., 1963. Die atherischen Ole, (Merkel, D., ed.) 4thedn., vol.IIIc, pp. 213-225.
Greger, H.; Grenze, M. and Bohlmann, F. 1981. Polyacetylenic compounds, Part 260. Amides from Achillea species and leucocyclus formosus., Phytochemistry, 20, 2579 – 2581.
Hanlidou, E.; Kokkini, S. and Kokkalou, E. 1992. Volatile constituents of Achillea abrotanoides in relation to their infragenetic variation. Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 20, 33– 40.
Hethelyi, E; Danos, B. and Tetenyi, P. 1988. Investigation of the essential oils of the Achillea genus. 1. The essential oil composition of Achillea distans W. ET K. Ex. Willd., Herba Hungarica, 27: 35–42.
Hoffmann, L.; Fritz, D.; Nitz, S.; Kollmannsberger, H. and Drawert, F. 1992. Essential oil composition of three polyploids in the Achillea millefolium complex. Phytochemistry, 31, 33 – 40.
Mazandarani, M., Behmanesh, B., Rezaei, M.B., Ghaemi, E. 2006. Ethnobotany, chemical composition and antibacterial activity of A. milefolium in north of Iran, Asian Jornan, (3): 105-110.
Miquel, J.D.; Richard, H.M. and Sandret, F.G. 1976. Volatile constituents of Moroccan Thyme oil. J. Agric. Food Chem., 24: (4), 833-835.
Mitich, L.W. 1990. Yarrow – The herb of Achilles. Weed Technol., 4, 451– 453.
Motl, O.; Ochir, G. and Kubeczka, K.H. 1990. Composition of Achillea asiatica Serg. Essential oil, Flav. Fragr. J., 5, 153–155.
Orav, A., Rael, A., Arak, E. 2006. Composition of essential oil of Achillea species in different geographical origin. Phytochem. 55, 3: 155-165.
Sacco, T.; Nano, G.M. and Frattini, C. 1972. Ricerche botaniche chimico–essenziere su alcune Achilee montane dell’ acro alpino centro–occidentale, Primo Contributo. Ess. Der. Agrum., 42, 316 – 324.
Shibamoto, T. 1987. Retention Indices in Essential Oil Analysis. In: Capillary Gas Chromatography in Essential oil analysis. Edits. P.Sandra and C.Bicchi, 259-274.
Simonesen, J.L. and Owen, L.N., 1947. The terpenes 2ndedn, Vol. 1, pp.359-370, University press, Cambridge.
Twaij, H.A.A. 1983. Some pharmacological studies of Achillea santolina L. and Achillea micrantha M.B., Fitoterapia, 54, 25 – 32.
Yusupov, M.I.; Kasymov, S.Z.; Abdullaev, N.D.; Sidyakin, G.P. and Yagudaev, M.R. 1977 New isorideniin lactone from Achillea biebersteinii. Khim. Prir. Soedin. 13, 800–802.
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مظفریان، ولی ا.... 1377. فرهنگ نامهای گیاهان ایران، چاپ فرهنگ معاصر، صفحه 12-11.
قهرمان، ا. 1365. فلور رنگی ایران، انتشارات موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع، جلد 8، شماره 885..
Achilladelis, B. and Hanson, J.R., 1968. Terpenoid biosynthesis. III. Incorporation of geranyl pyrophosphate into cineole. Phytochemistry, 7 (8), 1317-1319.
Adams, R.P. 1989. Identification of essential oils by Ion traps Mass Spectroscopy. Academic Press, San Diego.
Angihorti, V.K., Lattoo, S.K., Thappa, R.K., Kaul, P. 2005. Chemical variability in the essential oil components of A. millefolium agg in Indian plantamed. 71(3): 280-283.
Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 1990. Official Methods of Analysis, 15th Edition, Edited by Kenneth Helrich, Volatile oil, page 1001.
Benzic, N.M., Skocibusic, B., Kocak, S. 2003. Composition and antimicrobial activity of A. clarennae. J. Essent. Phytotherap, 17(9): 1037-1040.
British Pharmacopoeia. 1988. Vol, 2, pp A137-A138, HMSO. London.
Cernaj, P.; Liptakova, H., Mohr, G.; Repeak, M. and Honcariv, R. 1983. Variability of the content and composition of essential oil during ontogensis of Achillea collina Becker., Herb Hung., 22, 21- 27.
Chandler, R.F.; Hooper, S.N. and Harvey, M.J. 1982. Ethnobotany and phytochemistry of yarrow, Achillea millefolium, Compositae, Econ. Bot., 36, 203–223.
Clausen, J.; Keck, D.D. and Hiersey, W.M. 1948. Experimental studies on the nature of species. III Environmental responses of climatic races of Achillea. Carnegia Inst. Washington publ. Washington 581, pp.132.
Davies, N.W. 1990. Gas Chromatographic Retention Index of Monoterpenes and Sesquiterpenes on Methyl silicone and Carbowax 20 M phases. J. Chromatogr., 503, 1-24.
Eglseer, K., Jurenitsch, J., Saukels, J., Franz, Ch. and Kubelka, W. 1988. Vergleichende untersuchungen des atherischen Oles verschiedener sippen des Achillea millefolium Aggregats., Scientica Pharmaceutica, 56: 15.
Gildemeister, E. and Hoffmann, F., 1963. Die atherischen Ole, (Merkel, D., ed.) 4thedn., vol.IIIc, pp. 213-225.
Greger, H.; Grenze, M. and Bohlmann, F. 1981. Polyacetylenic compounds, Part 260. Amides from Achillea species and leucocyclus formosus., Phytochemistry, 20, 2579 – 2581.
Hanlidou, E.; Kokkini, S. and Kokkalou, E. 1992. Volatile constituents of Achillea abrotanoides in relation to their infragenetic variation. Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 20, 33– 40.
Hethelyi, E; Danos, B. and Tetenyi, P. 1988. Investigation of the essential oils of the Achillea genus. 1. The essential oil composition of Achillea distans W. ET K. Ex. Willd., Herba Hungarica, 27: 35–42.
Hoffmann, L.; Fritz, D.; Nitz, S.; Kollmannsberger, H. and Drawert, F. 1992. Essential oil composition of three polyploids in the Achillea millefolium complex. Phytochemistry, 31, 33 – 40.
Mazandarani, M., Behmanesh, B., Rezaei, M.B., Ghaemi, E. 2006. Ethnobotany, chemical composition and antibacterial activity of A. milefolium in north of Iran, Asian Jornan, (3): 105-110.
Miquel, J.D.; Richard, H.M. and Sandret, F.G. 1976. Volatile constituents of Moroccan Thyme oil. J. Agric. Food Chem., 24: (4), 833-835.
Mitich, L.W. 1990. Yarrow – The herb of Achilles. Weed Technol., 4, 451– 453.
Motl, O.; Ochir, G. and Kubeczka, K.H. 1990. Composition of Achillea asiatica Serg. Essential oil, Flav. Fragr. J., 5, 153–155.
Orav, A., Rael, A., Arak, E. 2006. Composition of essential oil of Achillea species in different geographical origin. Phytochem. 55, 3: 155-165.
Sacco, T.; Nano, G.M. and Frattini, C. 1972. Ricerche botaniche chimico–essenziere su alcune Achilee montane dell’ acro alpino centro–occidentale, Primo Contributo. Ess. Der. Agrum., 42, 316 – 324.
Shibamoto, T. 1987. Retention Indices in Essential Oil Analysis. In: Capillary Gas Chromatography in Essential oil analysis. Edits. P.Sandra and C.Bicchi, 259-274.
Simonesen, J.L. and Owen, L.N., 1947. The terpenes 2ndedn, Vol. 1, pp.359-370, University press, Cambridge.
Twaij, H.A.A. 1983. Some pharmacological studies of Achillea santolina L. and Achillea micrantha M.B., Fitoterapia, 54, 25 – 32.
Yusupov, M.I.; Kasymov, S.Z.; Abdullaev, N.D.; Sidyakin, G.P. and Yagudaev, M.R. 1977 New isorideniin lactone from Achillea biebersteinii. Khim. Prir. Soedin. 13, 800–802.
