Effects of ecological factors on morphological and phytochemical characteristics of (Echium ittalicum L.) essential oil in Kurdistan natural habitats

Subject Areas : Environmental ecology

Farnoosh Sabouri ¹ (1Master of Medicinal Plants, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, University of Zabol)
Baratali Fakheri ² (Associate Professor, Department of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran)
Abdolrahman Rahimian Boogar ³ (PhD student ornamental plants, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Iran)

Received: 2017-02-09 Accepted : 2018-02-26 Published : 2018-08-23

Keywords: Ecotype, Habitat, Height, Echium ittalicum L, Essential oil composition,

Abstract :

In order to investigate the variation of morphological characteristics and essential oil composition of Echium ittalicum L., this study was carried out in nested plot design at three different heights with three habitats of Sanandaj, Marivan and Divandareh in Kurdistan province. Aerial parts of plant in flowering stage were collected in summer 2013 from different regions. The  plant height, fresh and dry weight, simple and rosette leaf length and width, internodes length, stem diameter, number of flower, number of leaves and branches were evaluated as physiological characteristic and chlorophyll content,  measuring elements NPK in the soil, leaves and flowers. Essential oil of plant samples were obtained by Distillation with distilled water (clevenger apparatus) and were analyzed by GS/MS, the mucilage content were evaluated with distill water separation method and sedimentation by 96% ethanol. Results were showed that the shoot height, the internode length, stem diameter, leaf number and percentage of mucilage and essential oil decreased with the altitude increases and so decrease of temperature, while chlorophyll content increases. The borneol, comphene and hexadecanoeic acid methyl ester have been higher than other essential oil compounds and the highest essential oil yield obtained in Sanandaj ecotype at 1557 meters above sea level.

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