Comparative investigation of the effects of antifungal activities of some essential oils on Alternaria alternata fungus as a causal agent of tomato early blight disease

Subject Areas : Medicinal Plants

hassan mahdavikia ¹ , Abdollah Ahmadpour ²

1 - Department of Medicinal Plants, Shahid Bakeri Higher Education Center of Miandoab, Urmia University, Iran
2 - Shahid Bakeri Higher Education Center of Miandoab, Urmia University

Received: 2019-03-13 Accepted : 2019-08-08 Published : 2019-08-23

Keywords: Gas Chromatography, Alternaria alternata, Biological control, Essential oil, Postharvest disease,

Abstract :

Tomato early blight disease, caused by the fungus Alternaria alternata, is one of the most devastating diseases for the crop in Iran and worldwide. Recent studies have shown that some secondary metabolites of medicinal plants are effective in preventing the growth of fungi and are a good alternative to the use of chemical pesticides. In the present study, ten medicinal plants including Eucalyptus sp., Thymus vulgaris, Mentha piperita, Mentha longifolia, Mentha aquatica, Satureja hortensis, Achillea millefolium, Foeniculum vulgare, Anethum graveolens, and Trachyspermum copticum were collected during 2016-2017. Their essential oils were extracted using Clevenger apparatus, and GC-MS device was used to identify the essential oil compounds. Antifungal activity of essential oils was assayed through the inhibition of fungal colony growth at five concentrations of 0, 200, 400, 800, and 1200 ppm in mixing with potato dextrose agar medium with three replicates. The findings revealed that fungus colony growth was inhibited with increases in essential oils concentrations, and there were significant differences among different essential oils. Essential oils of Satureja hortensis, Trachyspermum copticum and Thymus vulgaris in 800 and 1200 ppm and Anethum graveolens in 1200 ppm demonstrated the highest effect on fungus colony growth. This study found that Carvacrol, Thymol, Para-cymene, and Gamma-terpinene ingredients tend to have the highest antifungal effects.

References:

References

 

1. Abdolmaleki, M., Bahraminejad, S., Salari, M., Abbasi, S., and Panjeke, N., 2011. Antifungal activity ofpeppermint (Mentha piperita L.) on phytopathogenicfungi. Journal of medicinal Plants, 2(38): 26–34.


2. Agrios, G., 2005. Plant Pathology. 5^th Edition. Academic Press, 952 p.


3. Ahmad, F., Raziqa F., Ullaha N., Khana, H., and Dina, N., 2017. In vitroand in vivobio-assay of phytobiocidal effect of plant extracts on Alternaria solani causing agent of early blight disease in tomato. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 50 (11-12): 568–583.


4. Alikhani, M., Sharifani, M., Azizi, M., Hemati, K.H., and Mousavizadeh, S.J., 2009. The effect of some natural compounds in shelf- life and quality of pear fruit (Esfahan shah mive cultivar). Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 16: 158–172.


5. Babagoli, M., and Behdad, E., 2012. Effects of three essential oils on the growth of Alternaria solani. Journal of Research in Agricultural Science, 8(1): 45–57.


6. Bakkali, F., Averbeck, S., Averbeck D., and Idaomar, M., 2008. Biological effects of essential oils – A review. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 46(2): 446–475.


7. Bruni, R., Medici, A., Andreotti, E., Fantin, C., Muzzoli, M. and Dehesa, M., 2004. Chemical composition and biological activities of isphingo essential oil, a traditional ecuadorian spice from Ocotea quixos (Lam.) kosterm. (Lauraceae) flower calices. Food Chemistry, 85(3): 415–421.


8. Calo, J.R., Crandall, P.G., O’Bryan, C.A., and Ricke, S.C., 2015. Essential oils as antimicrobials in food systems – A review. Food Control, 54: 111–119.


9. El-Mohamedy, R.S.R., 2017. Plant essential oils for controlling plant pathogenic fungi. 171–198. In: Volatiles and Food Security: Role of Volatiles in Agro-ecosystems. Choudhary D.K. et al. (eds.). Springer Singapore, 373 p.


10. Ershad, D., 2009. Fungi of Iran. 3^nd ed. Agricultural Research. Education & Extension Organization, Publication. No. 10, Tehran, 531 pp.


11. Fadaei, S., Aberoomand Azar, P., Sharifan, A., and Larijani, K., 2011. Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of Mentha piperita L. essential oil and its comparison with sodium benzoate. Food Technology and Nutrition, 8: 34-41.


12. Gachkar, L., Yadegari, D., Rezaei, M.D., and Rasooli, I., 2007. Chemical and biological characteristics of Cuminum cyminum and Rosmarinus officinalis essential oils. Food Chemistry, 102(3): 898–904.


13. Hadian, J., Farzaneh, M., Fakhr Tabatabaei, S.M., Mirjalili, M.H., Ranjbar, H., and Haji Eghrari, B., 2007. A study of the composition, and antifungal activity of the essential oils of Artemisia scopari and A. aucheri from south of Khorasan on some soil-borne phytopathogen. Iranian Journal of Agriculture Science, 38(3): 421–429.


14. Hadizadeh, I., Peivastegan, B., and zarghani, H., 2009. Antifungal activity of essential oils from some medicinal plants of Iran against Alternaria alternata. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 6(5): 857–861.


15. Keshavarz, A., Taheri, P., and Tariqi, S., 2014. Evaluation of inhibition effect of medicinal essential oils on Alternaria spp. colony growth in vitro. The Second National Conference of Medicinal Herbs and Organic Agriculture, 1–11.


16. Lahooji, A., Mirabolfathy, M., and Karami-Osboo, R., 2010. Effect of Zataria multiflora and Satureja hortensis essential oils, thymol and carvacrol on growth of Fusarium graminearum isolates and deoxynivalenol production. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology, 46(1): 37–50.


17. Lopez-Meneses, A.K., Sanchez-Marinez, R.I., Quintana-Obregon, E.A., Parra-Vergara, N.V., Gonzalez-Aguilar, G.A., Lopez-Saiz, C.M., and Cortez-Rocha, M.O., 2017. In vitro antifungal activity of essential oils and major components against fungi plant pathogens. Journal of Phytopathology, 165(4): 232–237.


18. Mazaheri Tehrani, M., Mortazavi, A., Ziaolhagh, H., and Ghandi, A., 2007. Qualitative characteristics in tomato processing (Vol. 2). Marze Danesh Publications, Tehran, Iran, 253 pp.


19. Najib Zadeh, T., Yadegari, M.H., and Naghdi Badi, H., 2009. Evaluation antifungal effects of essential oils Satureja khuzestanica and Myrtus communis. Presented for the M.Sc, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran.


20. Pandey, A.K., Kumar, P., Singh, P., Tripathi, N.N., and Bajpai, V.K., 2017. Essential oils: sources of antimicrobials and food preservatives. Frontiers in microbiology, 7: 21-61.


21. Plotto, A., Roberts, D.D., and Roberts, R.G. 2003. Evaluation of plant essential oils as natural postharvest disease control of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Acta Horticulture, 628: 737–745.


22. Raman, V., La, S., Saradhi, P., Rao, N., Krishna, N.V., Sudhakar, M., and Radhakrishnan, T.M. 2012. Antibacterial, antioxidant activity and GC-MS analysis of Eupatorium odoratum. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 5(2): 99–106.


23. Ranjbar, H., Farzaneh, M., Hadian, J., Mirjalili, M.H., and Sharifii, R., 2008. Antifungal effect of several herbal essential oils on post-harvest disease of fruit strawberry. Pajouhesh & Sazandegi, 21(4): 54–60.


24. Rassem, H.H., Nour, A.H., and Yunus, R.M., 2018. Biological activities of essential oils–A review. Pacific International Journal, 1: 63–76.


25. Rota, C., Carraminana, J.J., Burillo, J., and Herrera, A., 2004. In vitro antimicrobial activity of essential oils from aromatic plants against selected foodborne pathogens. Journal of Food Protection, 67(6): 1252–1256.


26. Rustaiyan, A., Masoudi, S., Yari, M., Rabbani, M., Motiefar, H.R., and Larijani, K., 2000. Essential oil of Salvia lerifolea Benth. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 12: 601–602.


27. Seyyedi, S.M., and Rezvani Moghaddam, P., 2016. Evaluating the ability of some medicinal plants for controlling Rhizopus (Rhizopus nigricans) and black spot rot (Alternaria alternata) as postharvest diseases in tomato produced under conventional and organic cropping systems. Agro ecology Journal, 8(2): 318–321.


28. Shahnaz, H., Hifza, A., Bushra, K., and Khan, J.I., 2004. Lipid studies of Cuminum cyminum fixed oil. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 36(2): 395–401.


29. Sharifi-Rad, J., Sureda, A., Tenore, G.C., Daglia, M., Sharifi-Rad, M., Valussi, M., Tundis, R., Sharifi-Rad, M., Loizzo, M.R., Ademiluyi, A.O., Sharifi-Rad, R., Ayatollahi, S.A., and Iriti, M., 2017. Biological activities of essential oils: from plant chemoecology to traditional healing systems. Molecules, 22: E70.


30. Simmons, E.G., 2007. Alternaria: an identification manual. CBS, Utrecht, 775 p.


31. Vardar-Unlu, G., Candan, F., Sokmen, A., Daferera, D., Polissiou, M., Sokmen, M., Donmez, E., and Tepe, B., 2003. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the essential oil and methanol extracts of Thymus pectinatus Fisch. Mey. var. pectinatus (Lamiaceae). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51(1): 63–67.


32. Viuda Martos, M., Ruiz Navaias, Y., Fernardez-Looez, J., and Perez-Alvarez, J.A., 2007. Antifungal activites of thyme, clove and organo essential oils. Journal of Food Safety. 27(1): 91–101.


33. Wang, K., Jiang, S., Pu, T., Fan, L., Su, F., and Ye, M., 2019. Antifungal activity of phenolic monoterpenes and structure-related compounds against plant pathogenic fungi. Natural Product Research, 33(10): 1423–1430.