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Manuscript ID : EJMP-1911-1534 (R8) Visit : 221 Page: 0 - 0

10.30495/ejmp.2021.682558

20.1001.1.23223235.1400.9.1.3.0

Article Type: Original Research

Evaluation of glabridin content and its relationship with environmental factors in some different populations of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. native to Iran

Subject Areas : Medicinal Plants

ghasem eghlima 1 , mohsen sanikhani 2 , Azizollah Kheiry 3 , Javad Hadian 4 , mitra aelaei 5

1 - Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Zanjan University
2 - Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Zanjan University. Zanjan. Iran
3 - Assist. Prof.,Dep.t of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Iran.
4 - Associate Professor of Agriculture, Institute of Medicinal Plants and Raw Materials, Shahid Beheshti University
5 - Department of horticulture, faculty of agriculture, zanjan universtiy, zanjan, iran

Received: 2019-11-23 Accepted : 2020-05-16 Published : 2021-05-22

Keywords: Soil properties, licorice, Climatic factors, Glabridin,

Abstract :

Glabridin is one of the most flavonoid compounds in Glycyrrhiza glabra L. root with biological activities such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-diabetic, antimicrobial, anti-cancer and neuroprotective properties. In this study, in order to investigate the content of glabridin and its relationship with soil and climatic factors, roots with a diameter of 2 cm from 17 populations of licorice were harvested from different regions of Iran in October 2018. and transferred to the Laboratory of Research Institute of Medicinal Plants and Raw Materials at Shahid Beheshti University for analysis. Extraction of the extract was performed using 80% methanol solvent and the content of glabridin was studied by HPLC. Glabridin content of different licorice populations varied from 0.41 (in Yasuj population) to 22.87 (in Kashmar population) mg / g dry weight. Significant positive correlation was observed between glabridin and phosphorus and soil lime content at 1% level. Glabridin content had a significant negative correlation with altitude of 5%. Based on the results of cluster analysis, 17 licorice populations were divided into three main groups. Evaluation of populations for glabridin showed a high diversity so that Kashmar, Ilam and Bojnurd populations can be used as superior populations for domestication and breeding and for food and pharmaceutical industries.

References:



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  2. Alipour, N., Mahdavi, K., Mahmoudi, J. and Ghelij-Nia, H. 2015. Investigation into the effect of environmental conditions on the quality and quantity of essential oil of Stachys laxa. Journal of Plant Research, 28(3): 561-572.
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  5. Eghlima, GH., Hadian, J. and Motallbi Azar, A.R. 2018. Survey on diversity of morphological and biological production traits of Satureja rechingeri Jamzad Clones. in Dezfool climate. Plant Products, 40:4. 41-53.
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  6. Eghlima, GH. Sanikhani, M., Kheiry, A., Hadian, J. and Aelaei, M.  2019. Study and comparison of phytochemical and antioxidant activity in different native populations of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. from Iran. Eco-phytochemical Journal of Medicinal Plants, 26(2): 65-77.
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  7. Esmaeili, H., Karami, A., Hadian, J., Saharkhiz, M.J. and Nejad Ebrahimi, S. 2019. Variation in the phytochemical contents and antioxidant activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra populations collected in Iran. Industrial Crops and Products, 137: 248–259.
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  10. Ghasemi, P A., Karimi, A., Yousefi, M., Enteshari, Sh. and Golparvar, AR. 2011. Diversity of Thymus daenensis celak. in central and west of Iran. Journal Medicinal Plants Researcher, 5 (4): 319 - 23.
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  15. Hong, J.-H., Jung, I.-I., Cho, Y.-K., Haam, S., Lee, S.-Y., Lim, G. and Ryu, J.H. 2019. Preparation of High-quality Glabridin extract from Glycyrrhiza glabra. Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, 24(4): 666-674.
    16.
  16. Hsu, YL., Wu, LY., Hou, MF., Tsai, EM., Lee, JN. , Liang, HL. 2011. Glabridin, an isoflavan from licorice root, inhibits migration, invasion and angiogenesis of MDA‐MB‐231 human breast adenocarcinoma cells by inhibiting focal adhesion kinase/Rho signaling pathway. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 55(2):318-27. 
    17.
  17. Jovancevic, M., Balijagic, J., Menkovic, N., Savikin, K., Zdunic, G., Jankovic, T. and Dekic-Ivankovic, M. 2011. Analysis of phenolic compounds in wild populations of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) from Montenegro. Journal Medicinal Plants Researcher, 5 (6): 910 -4.
    18.
  18. Kovalenko, P.G., Antonjuk, V.P. and Maliuta, S.S. 2004. Secondary metabolites synthesis in transformed cells of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and Potentilla alba L. as producents of radioprotective compounds. Ukrainica Bioorganica Acta, 1(2): 13-22.
    19.
  19. Medina-Holguin, B.A.L., Micheletto, S., Holguin, F.O. Rodriguez, J. and O’connell, M.A. 2007. Environmental influences on essential oils in roots of Anemopsis californica. Horticulture Science, 42(7): 1578–1583.
    20.
  20. Modarresi, M., Manoochehri, Y., Ahmadi, F. and Hosseinzadeh, L. 2017.  Protective effects of glabridin against cytotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by doxorubicin in PC12 cells. Journal of Reports in Pharmaceutical Sciences,6(1):1-12.
    21.
  21. Mohamadnejad Ganji, S.M., Moradi, H., Ghanbari, A. and Akbarzade, M. 2014. Effect of altitude on quantity and quality of plant essential oils Rosmarinus officinalis L. cultivated in two areas of Mazandaran province. Eco-phytochemical Journal of medicinal plants, 5(1): 36-42.
    22.
  22. Mukhopadhyay, M. and Panja, P. 2008. A novel process for extraction of natural sweetener from licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) roots. Separation Science and Technology, 63: 539–545.
    23.
  23. Nelson, D. and Sommers, LE. 1982. Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. Chemical and microbiological properties (methodsofsoilan 2), 539-579.
    24.
  24. Oloumi, H. and Hassibi, N. 2011. Study the correlation between some climate parameters and the content of phenolic compounds in roots of Glycyrrhiza glabra. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5: 6011-6016.
    25.
  25. Oloumi, H. and Hassibi, N. 2012. Study the content of some secondary metabolites in roots of Glycyrrhiza glabra gathered from different natural localities in Kerman province of IRAN. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 2 (42) :137-144
    26.
  26. Parvaiz, M., Hussain, K., Khalid, S., Hussnain, N. and Iram, N. 2014. A Review: Medicinal importance of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Fabaceae Family).  Global Journal of Pharmacology, 8: 8-13.
    27.
  27. Pybus, J., Feldman, FJ. , Bowers, GN. 1970. Measurement of total calcium in serum by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, with use of a strontium internal reference. Clinical Chemistry, 16 (12): 998-1007.
    28.
  28. Rasouli, H., Farzaei, MH., Mansouri, K., Mohammadzadeh, S. and Khodarahmi, R. 2016. Plant cell cancer: may natural phenolic compounds prevent onset and development of plant cell malignancy : A literature review. Molecules, 21(9):1104. 
    29.
  29. Rezaei, S., Nejadsattari, T., Assadi, M., Khavarinejad, RA. , Mehregan, I. 2017. Study of glycyrrhizic acid contents from Glycyrrhiza glabra populations in Iran and their relation with environmental factors. Biodiversitas, 18: 212-220.
    30.
  30. Shokoohinia, Y., Hosseinzadeh, L., Alipour, M., Mostafaie, A. and Mohammadi-Motlagh, H-R. 2014. Comparative evaluation of cytotoxic and apoptogenic effects of several coumarins on human cancer cell lines: osthole induces apoptosis in p53-deficient H1299 cells. Advances in Pharmacological Sciences, 4: 847574 
    31.
  31. Tamir, S., Eizenberg, M., Somjen, D., Stern, N., Shelach, R. and Kaye, A. 2000. Estrogenic and antiproliferative properties of glabridin from licorice inhuman breast cancer cells. Cancer research, 60(20):5704-5709.
    32.
  32. Vlaisavljević, S., Šibul, F., Sinka, I., Zupko, I., Ocsovszki, I. and Jovanović-Šanta, S. 2018. Chemical composition, antioxidant and anticancer activity of licorice from Fruska Gora locality. Industrial Crops and Products, 112: 217–224.
    33.
  33. Wang, L., Yang, R., Yuan, B., Liu, Y. and Liu, C. 2015. The antiviral and antimicrobial activities of licorice, a widely-used Chinese herb.  Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, 5: 310–315.
    34.
  34. Zadeh, B., Kor, Z.M. and Goftar, M. K. 2013. Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn) as a valuable medicinal plant. International Journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research, 1: 1281-1288.
    35.
  35. Zhang, J.T., Xu, B. and Li, M. 2011. Relationships between the bioactive compound content and environmental variables in Glycyrrhiza uralensis populations in different habitats of North China. International Journal of Experimental Botany, 80: 161-166
    36.
  36. Zhang, Q. and Ye, M. 2009. Chemical analysis of the Chinese herbal medicine Gan-Cao (licorice). Journal of Chromatography A, 1216: 1954–1969.
    37.


 

 

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  1. Ahmadi Hosseini, S.M., Kazme Souri, M., Farhadi, N., Moghaddam, M. and Omidbaigi, R. 2014. Changes in glycyrrhizin content of Iranian licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) affected by different root diameter and ecological conditions. Agricultural Communications, 2: 27-33.
    2.
  2. Alipour, N., Mahdavi, K., Mahmoudi, J. and Ghelij-Nia, H. 2015. Investigation into the effect of environmental conditions on the quality and quantity of essential oil of Stachys laxa. Journal of Plant Research, 28(3): 561-572.
    3.
  3. Allison, L., Bollen, W. and Moodie, C. 1965. Total carbon. In: Black CA (ed.). Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. chemical and microbiological properties. Agron Monogr no. 9, American Society of Agrononty and Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI.
    4.
  4. Bremner, JM. and Mulvaney, C. 1982. Nitrogen-total. In: Page AL, Miller RH (eds.) methods of soil analysis: Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. 2nd ed. Agron Monogr 9. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI.
    5.
  5. Eghlima, GH., Hadian, J. and Motallbi Azar, A.R. 2018. Survey on diversity of morphological and biological production traits of Satureja rechingeri Jamzad Clones. in Dezfool climate. Plant Products, 40:4. 41-53.
    6.
  6. Eghlima, GH. Sanikhani, M., Kheiry, A., Hadian, J. and Aelaei, M.  2019. Study and comparison of phytochemical and antioxidant activity in different native populations of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. from Iran. Eco-phytochemical Journal of Medicinal Plants, 26(2): 65-77.
    7.
  7. Esmaeili, H., Karami, A., Hadian, J., Saharkhiz, M.J. and Nejad Ebrahimi, S. 2019. Variation in the phytochemical contents and antioxidant activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra populations collected in Iran. Industrial Crops and Products, 137: 248–259.
    8.
  8. Farag, M.A., Porzel, A. and Wessjohann, L.A. 2015. Unequivocal glycyrrhizin isomer determination and comparative in vitro bioactivities of root extracts in four Glycyrrhiza species. Advanced Research, 6:99–104.  
    9.
  9. Gee, G. and Bauder, J. 1979. Particle size analysis by hydrometer: a simplified method for routine textural analysis and a sensitivity test of measurement parameters. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 43 (5): 1004-1007.
    10.
  10. Ghasemi, P A., Karimi, A., Yousefi, M., Enteshari, Sh. and Golparvar, AR. 2011. Diversity of Thymus daenensis celak. in central and west of Iran. Journal Medicinal Plants Researcher, 5 (4): 319 - 23.
    11.
  11. Gupta, V.K., Fatima, A., Faridi, U., Negi, A.S., Shanker, K., Kumar, J.K., Rahuja, N., Luqman, S., Sisodia, B.S., Saikia, D., Darokar, M.P. and Khanuja, S.P.S. 2008. Antimicrobial potential of Glycyrrhiza glabra roots. Journal Ethnopharmacol, 116: 377–380.
    12.
  12. Hadian, J., Mirjalili, M.H. and Ganjpoor, N. 2011. Morphological and phytochemical characterization of natural population of Satureja khuzestanica. Chemistry & Biodiversity, 8: 1-15.
    13.
  13. Hayashi, H., Hattori, S., Inoue, K., Khodzhimatov, O., Ashurmetov, O., Ito, M. and Honda, G. 2003. Field survey of Glycyrrhiza plants in Central Asia (3). Chemical characterization of G. glabra collected in Uzbekistan. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 51: 1338-1340.
    14.
  14. Hayashi, H., Shibano, M., Kusano, G., Yamamoto, H. and Ikeshiro, Y. 1998. A field survey of Glycyrrhiza glabra L in Sicily and Spain. Nature Medicine, 52: 259–264.
    15.
  15. Hong, J.-H., Jung, I.-I., Cho, Y.-K., Haam, S., Lee, S.-Y., Lim, G. and Ryu, J.H. 2019. Preparation of High-quality Glabridin extract from Glycyrrhiza glabra. Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, 24(4): 666-674.
    16.
  16. Hsu, YL., Wu, LY., Hou, MF., Tsai, EM., Lee, JN. , Liang, HL. 2011. Glabridin, an isoflavan from licorice root, inhibits migration, invasion and angiogenesis of MDA‐MB‐231 human breast adenocarcinoma cells by inhibiting focal adhesion kinase/Rho signaling pathway. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 55(2):318-27. 
    17.
  17. Jovancevic, M., Balijagic, J., Menkovic, N., Savikin, K., Zdunic, G., Jankovic, T. and Dekic-Ivankovic, M. 2011. Analysis of phenolic compounds in wild populations of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) from Montenegro. Journal Medicinal Plants Researcher, 5 (6): 910 -4.
    18.
  18. Kovalenko, P.G., Antonjuk, V.P. and Maliuta, S.S. 2004. Secondary metabolites synthesis in transformed cells of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and Potentilla alba L. as producents of radioprotective compounds. Ukrainica Bioorganica Acta, 1(2): 13-22.
    19.
  19. Medina-Holguin, B.A.L., Micheletto, S., Holguin, F.O. Rodriguez, J. and O’connell, M.A. 2007. Environmental influences on essential oils in roots of Anemopsis californica. Horticulture Science, 42(7): 1578–1583.
    20.
  20. Modarresi, M., Manoochehri, Y., Ahmadi, F. and Hosseinzadeh, L. 2017.  Protective effects of glabridin against cytotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by doxorubicin in PC12 cells. Journal of Reports in Pharmaceutical Sciences,6(1):1-12.
    21.
  21. Mohamadnejad Ganji, S.M., Moradi, H., Ghanbari, A. and Akbarzade, M. 2014. Effect of altitude on quantity and quality of plant essential oils Rosmarinus officinalis L. cultivated in two areas of Mazandaran province. Eco-phytochemical Journal of medicinal plants, 5(1): 36-42.
    22.
  22. Mukhopadhyay, M. and Panja, P. 2008. A novel process for extraction of natural sweetener from licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) roots. Separation Science and Technology, 63: 539–545.
    23.
  23. Nelson, D. and Sommers, LE. 1982. Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. Chemical and microbiological properties (methodsofsoilan 2), 539-579.
    24.
  24. Oloumi, H. and Hassibi, N. 2011. Study the correlation between some climate parameters and the content of phenolic compounds in roots of Glycyrrhiza glabra. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5: 6011-6016.
    25.
  25. Oloumi, H. and Hassibi, N. 2012. Study the content of some secondary metabolites in roots of Glycyrrhiza glabra gathered from different natural localities in Kerman province of IRAN. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 2 (42) :137-144
    26.
  26. Parvaiz, M., Hussain, K., Khalid, S., Hussnain, N. and Iram, N. 2014. A Review: Medicinal importance of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Fabaceae Family).  Global Journal of Pharmacology, 8: 8-13.
    27.
  27. Pybus, J., Feldman, FJ. , Bowers, GN. 1970. Measurement of total calcium in serum by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, with use of a strontium internal reference. Clinical Chemistry, 16 (12): 998-1007.
    28.
  28. Rasouli, H., Farzaei, MH., Mansouri, K., Mohammadzadeh, S. and Khodarahmi, R. 2016. Plant cell cancer: may natural phenolic compounds prevent onset and development of plant cell malignancy : A literature review. Molecules, 21(9):1104. 
    29.
  29. Rezaei, S., Nejadsattari, T., Assadi, M., Khavarinejad, RA. , Mehregan, I. 2017. Study of glycyrrhizic acid contents from Glycyrrhiza glabra populations in Iran and their relation with environmental factors. Biodiversitas, 18: 212-220.
    30.
  30. Shokoohinia, Y., Hosseinzadeh, L., Alipour, M., Mostafaie, A. and Mohammadi-Motlagh, H-R. 2014. Comparative evaluation of cytotoxic and apoptogenic effects of several coumarins on human cancer cell lines: osthole induces apoptosis in p53-deficient H1299 cells. Advances in Pharmacological Sciences, 4: 847574 
    31.
  31. Tamir, S., Eizenberg, M., Somjen, D., Stern, N., Shelach, R. and Kaye, A. 2000. Estrogenic and antiproliferative properties of glabridin from licorice inhuman breast cancer cells. Cancer research, 60(20):5704-5709.
    32.
  32. Vlaisavljević, S., Šibul, F., Sinka, I., Zupko, I., Ocsovszki, I. and Jovanović-Šanta, S. 2018. Chemical composition, antioxidant and anticancer activity of licorice from Fruska Gora locality. Industrial Crops and Products, 112: 217–224.
    33.
  33. Wang, L., Yang, R., Yuan, B., Liu, Y. and Liu, C. 2015. The antiviral and antimicrobial activities of licorice, a widely-used Chinese herb.  Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, 5: 310–315.
    34.
  34. Zadeh, B., Kor, Z.M. and Goftar, M. K. 2013. Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn) as a valuable medicinal plant. International Journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research, 1: 1281-1288.
    35.
  35. Zhang, J.T., Xu, B. and Li, M. 2011. Relationships between the bioactive compound content and environmental variables in Glycyrrhiza uralensis populations in different habitats of North China. International Journal of Experimental Botany, 80: 161-166
    36.
  36. Zhang, Q. and Ye, M. 2009. Chemical analysis of the Chinese herbal medicine Gan-Cao (licorice). Journal of Chromatography A, 1216: 1954–1969.
    37.


 

 

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