Comparative study of phytochemical, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Anethum graveolens L. , Bunium persicum L., Achillea millefolium L. and Syzygium aromaticum extracts
Subject Areas :
Medicinal Plants
Rouhollah Faramarzi Dozein
1
(Mashhad Branch, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Mashhad, Iran)
Afshin Karimi
2
(MSc, ,Quality Department of Partsazan Coffee Industrial, Mashhad, Iran)
Ehsan Karimi
3
(Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran)
Ehsan Oskoueian
4
(Assistant professor, Mashhad Branch, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Mashhad, Iran)
Mohsen Ghasemi
5
(Department of Agriculture, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran)
Received: 2021-07-25
Accepted : 2021-09-18
Published : 2022-03-03
Keywords:
Antioxidant,
Anti-inflammatory,
Tyrosinase,
Aromatic plants,
Quercetin. Melanin,
Abstract :
This study was performed to compare and evaluate the phytochemical, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of extracts of dill (Anethumgra veolens) seeds, black cumin (Bunium persicum) seeds, yarrow (Achillea millefolium) flower and clove (Syzygium aromaticum) buds in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) in the Center, Research and Education of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Mashhad in year 1400. The first, the extracts of the above plants were extracted by reflux apparatus, and then, the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was applied to determine the phytochemicals. Total phenol and antioxidant capacity of the extracts were evaluated by Folin-Ciocalteu and the DPPH and NO free radicals scavenging activity respectively. At the end of the experiment, the inhibitory potential of extract against xanthine oxidase, hyaluronidase, acetylcholinesterase, elastase and tyrosinase enzymes was investigated. The results showed that the highest amount of total phenol (40.9 mg GAE/g.DW) and saponin (94.8 mg diosgenin /g.DW) was observed in clove bud extract and the lowest amount of total phenol (7.2 mg GAE/g.DW) and saponin (72.7 mg diosgenin /g.DW) was observed in yarrow flower extract. The HPLC results showed that the concentration of phenolic compounds in the clove extract was higher as compared to other plant extracts. Clove bud extract showed stronger antioxidant properties as compared to other extracts, so that the IC50 values obtained for clove extract by DPPH and NO methods were equal to 82.95 and 104.34 μg/ml, respectively. Three extracts of clove (55.3±12.6 μg/ml) yarrow (98±5.78 μg/ml) and cumin (198±8.34 μg/ml) had the greatest effect on inhibition of xanthine oxidase enzyme. The results of anti-inflammatory properties showed that clove extract with more than 61%, caused the highest inhibition of nitric oxide. It seems that the hydroalcoholic extract of clove could be used as an anti-inflammatory, skin lightening and preventing wrinkles and skin aging.
References:
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Al-Sheddi, E. S., Al-Zaid, N. A., Al-Oqail, M. M., Al-Massarani, S. M., El-Gamal, A. A. and Farshori, N. 2019. Evaluation of cytotoxicity, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induced by Anethum graveolens essential oil in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. Saudi Pharmatical Journal, 27(7): 1053-106.
Al-Snafi, A.E. 2014. The pharmacological importance of Anethum graveolens–a review. International Journal of Pharmacy Pharmaceutical Sciences, 6(4): 11-13.
Amini Navaie, B., Kavoosian, S., Fattahi, S., Hajian-Tilaki, K., Asouri, M., Bishekolaie, R. and Akhavan-Niaki, H. 2015. Antioxidant and cytotoxic effect of aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of the Achillea millefolium On MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. International Biological Biomedical Journal, 1(3): 119-125.
Arung, E. T., Matsubara, E., Kusuma, I. W., Sukaton, E., Shimizu, K. and Kondo, R. 2011. Inhibitory components from the buds of Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) on melanin formation in B16 melanoma cells. Fitoterapia, 82(2): 198-202.
Butterfield, D.A. and Halliwell, B. 2019. Oxidative stress, dysfunctional glucose metabolism and alzheimer disease. Journal of Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 20(3): 148-160.
Chaieb, K., Hajlaoui, H., Zmantar, T., Kahla‐Nakbi, A.B., Rouabhia, M., Mahdouani, K. and Bakhrouf, A. 2007. The chemical composition and biological activity of clove essential oil, Eugenia caryophyllata (Syzigium aromaticum (Myrtaceae): A short review. Phytotherapy Research, 21(6): 501-506.
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Dwivedi, V., Shrivastava, R., Hussain, S., Ganguly, C. and Bharadwaj, M. 2011. Comparative anticancer potential of Clove (Syzygium aromaticum)—an Indian spice—against cancer cell lines of various anatomical origin. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 12(8): 1989-1993.
Eftekhar, N., Moghimi, A., Roshan, N. M., Saadat, S. and Boskabady, M. H. 2019. Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of hydro-ethanolic extract of Ocimum basilicum leaves and its effect on lung pathological changes in an ovalbumin-induced rat model of asthma. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 19(1): 1-11.
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Govindarajan, R., Tejas, V. and Pushpangadan, P. 2019. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as a tool for standardization of complex herbal drugs. Journal of AOAC International, 102(4): 986-992.
Hendra, R., Ahmad, S., Oskoueian, E., Sukari, A. and Shukor, M. Y. 2011. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxicity of Phaleria macrocarpa (boerl.) scheff fruit. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 11(1): 110.
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Mathew, M. and Subramanian, S. 2014. In vitro screening for anti-cholinesterase and antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts of ayurvedic medicinal plants used for cognitive disorders. Public Library of Science (PLOS), 9(1): 1-7.
Meena, S. S., Lal, G., Dubey, P. and Meena, M. D. 2019. Medicinal and therapeutic uses of dill (Anethum graveolens)-a review. Indian Society of Seed Spices, 9(1): 14-20.
Morikawa, T., Nakanishi, Y., Inoue, N., Manse, Y., Matsuura, H., Hamasaki, S., Yoshikawa, M., Muraoka, O. and Ninomiya, K. 2020. Acylated iridoid glycosides with hyaluronidase inhibitory activity from the rhizomes of Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth. Phytochemistry, 169:
Nguyen, M. T. T., Awale, S., Tezuka, Y., Le Tran, Q., Watanabe, H. and Kadota, S. 2004. Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of Vietnamese medicinal plants. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 27(9), 1414-1421.
Oskoueian, E., Abdullah, N., Ahmad, S., Saad, W. Z., Omar, A. R. and Ho, Y. W. 2011. Bioactive compounds and biological activities of Jatropha curcas Kernel meal extract. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 12(9): 5955-5970.
Oskoueian, E., Abdullah, N., Hendra, R. and Karimi, E. 2011. Bioactive compounds, antioxidant, xanthine oxidase inhibitory, tyrosinase inhibitory and anti-inflammatory activities of selected agro-industrial by-products. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 12(12): 8610-8625.
Özek, G., Özbek, M. U., Yur, S., Göger, F., Arslan, M. and Özek, T. 2019. Assessment of endemic Cotafulvida (Asteraceae) for phytochemical composition and inhibitory activities against oxidation, α-amylase, lipoxygenase, xanthine oxidase and tyrosinase enzymes. Records of Natural Products, 13(4): 333-345.
Piwowarski, J. P., Kiss, A. K. and Kozłowska-Wojciechowska, M. 2011. Anti-hyaluronidase and anti-elastase activity screening of tannin-rich plant materials used in traditional polish medicine for external treatment of diseases with inflammatory background. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 137(1): 937-941.
Radulescu, V., Popescu, M. L. and Ilies, D.-C. 2010. Chemical composition of the volatile oil from different plant parts of Anethum graveolens(Umbelliferae) cultivated in Romania. Farmacia, 58(5): 594-600.
Rita, P. and Animesh, D. K. 2011. An updated overview on peppermint (Mentha piperita). International Research Journal of Pharmacy, 2(8): 1-10.
Santoro, G.F., Cardoso, M.G., Guimarães, L.G.L., Mendonça, L.Z. and Soares, M. 2007. Trypanosoma cruzi: Activity of essential oils from Achillea millefolium, Syzygium aromaticum L. and Ocimum basilicum L. On epimastigotes and trypomastigotes. Journal of Experimental Parasitology, 116(3): 283-290.
Sestili, P., Ismail, T., Calcabrini, C., Guescini, M., Catanzaro, E., Turrini, E., Kayla, A., Akhtar, S. and Fimognari, C. 2018. The potential effects of Ocimum basilicum on health: A review of pharmacological and toxicological studies. Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology, 14(7): 679-692.
Tran, H., Le, N., Trinh, A. and Huynh, T. 2019. Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities of some Vietnamese medicinal plants. Planta Medica, 85(18): P-403.
Tripathi, Y.C. and Saini, N. 2019. Total phenolic, total flavonoid content and antioxidant efficacy of leaves of Eupatorium adenophorum. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 10(2): 157-166.
Win Yee, L., Eric Wei Chiang, CH., Chia Wei, P. and Chen Wai, W. 2021. Tyrosinase Inhibiting Extracts from Coastal Plants as Potential Additives in Skin Whitening Formulations. Current Applied Science and Technology. 21(3): 25-50.
Zolghadri, S., Bahrami, A., Hassan Khan, M. T., Munoz-Munoz, J., Garcia-Molina, F., Garcia-Canovas, F. and Saboury, A. A. 2019. A comprehensive review on tyrosinase inhibitors. Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 34(1): 279-309.
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Ajayi, O., Aderogba, M., Obuotor, E. and Majinda, R. 2019. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor from Anthocleista vogelii leaf extracts. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 231: 503-506.
Al-Sheddi, E. S., Al-Zaid, N. A., Al-Oqail, M. M., Al-Massarani, S. M., El-Gamal, A. A. and Farshori, N. 2019. Evaluation of cytotoxicity, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induced by Anethum graveolens essential oil in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. Saudi Pharmatical Journal, 27(7): 1053-106.
Al-Snafi, A.E. 2014. The pharmacological importance of Anethum graveolens–a review. International Journal of Pharmacy Pharmaceutical Sciences, 6(4): 11-13.
Amini Navaie, B., Kavoosian, S., Fattahi, S., Hajian-Tilaki, K., Asouri, M., Bishekolaie, R. and Akhavan-Niaki, H. 2015. Antioxidant and cytotoxic effect of aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of the Achillea millefolium On MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. International Biological Biomedical Journal, 1(3): 119-125.
Arung, E. T., Matsubara, E., Kusuma, I. W., Sukaton, E., Shimizu, K. and Kondo, R. 2011. Inhibitory components from the buds of Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) on melanin formation in B16 melanoma cells. Fitoterapia, 82(2): 198-202.
Butterfield, D.A. and Halliwell, B. 2019. Oxidative stress, dysfunctional glucose metabolism and alzheimer disease. Journal of Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 20(3): 148-160.
Chaieb, K., Hajlaoui, H., Zmantar, T., Kahla‐Nakbi, A.B., Rouabhia, M., Mahdouani, K. and Bakhrouf, A. 2007. The chemical composition and biological activity of clove essential oil, Eugenia caryophyllata (Syzigium aromaticum (Myrtaceae): A short review. Phytotherapy Research, 21(6): 501-506.
Dahibhate, N.L., Saddhe, A.A. and Kumar, K. 2019. Mangrove plants as a source of bioactive compounds: A review. The Natural Products Journal, 9(2): 86-97.
Dias, M. I., Barros, L., Dueñas, M., Pereira, E., Carvalho, A. M., Alves, R. C., Oliveira, M. B., Santos-Buelga, C. and Ferreira, I. C. 2013. Chemical composition of wild and commercial Achillea millefolium and bioactivity of the methanolic extract, infusion and decoction. Food chemistry, 141(4): 4152-4160.
Dwivedi, V., Shrivastava, R., Hussain, S., Ganguly, C. and Bharadwaj, M. 2011. Comparative anticancer potential of Clove (Syzygium aromaticum)—an Indian spice—against cancer cell lines of various anatomical origin. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 12(8): 1989-1993.
Eftekhar, N., Moghimi, A., Roshan, N. M., Saadat, S. and Boskabady, M. H. 2019. Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of hydro-ethanolic extract of Ocimum basilicum leaves and its effect on lung pathological changes in an ovalbumin-induced rat model of asthma. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 19(1): 1-11.
Gani, R., Bhat, Z.A., Dar, M.A., Dar, M.A. and ul yousuf Rather, J. 2019. Pharmacognostic and phytochemical characteristics of the fruits of Bunium persicum (Boiss.) B. Fedtsch, growing wild in Kashmir valley, India. Journal of Pharmaceutical Methods, 10(1): 1-16.
Govindarajan, R., Tejas, V. and Pushpangadan, P. 2019. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as a tool for standardization of complex herbal drugs. Journal of AOAC International, 102(4): 986-992.
Hendra, R., Ahmad, S., Oskoueian, E., Sukari, A. and Shukor, M. Y. 2011. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxicity of Phaleria macrocarpa (boerl.) scheff fruit. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 11(1): 110.
Kaur, G.J. and Arora, D.S. 2010. Bioactive potential of Anethum graveolens, Foeniculum vulgare and Trachyspermum ammi belonging to the family umbelliferae-current status. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 4(2): 087-094.
Khatib, S., Nerya, O., Musa, R., Shmuel, M., Tamir, S. and Vaya, J. 2005. Chalcones as potent tyrosinase inhibitors: The importance of a 2, 4-substituted resorcinol moiety. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 13(2): 433-441.
Liyanaarachchi, G. D., Samarasekera, J. K. R. R., Mahanama, K. R. R. and Hemalal, K. D. P. 2018. Tyrosinase, elastase, hyaluronidase, inhibitory and antioxidant activity of Sri Lankan medicinal plants for novel cosmeceuticals. Industrial Crops and Products, 111: 597-605.
Mathew, M. and Subramanian, S. 2014. In vitro screening for anti-cholinesterase and antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts of ayurvedic medicinal plants used for cognitive disorders. Public Library of Science (PLOS), 9(1): 1-7.
Meena, S. S., Lal, G., Dubey, P. and Meena, M. D. 2019. Medicinal and therapeutic uses of dill (Anethum graveolens)-a review. Indian Society of Seed Spices, 9(1): 14-20.
Morikawa, T., Nakanishi, Y., Inoue, N., Manse, Y., Matsuura, H., Hamasaki, S., Yoshikawa, M., Muraoka, O. and Ninomiya, K. 2020. Acylated iridoid glycosides with hyaluronidase inhibitory activity from the rhizomes of Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth. Phytochemistry, 169:
Nguyen, M. T. T., Awale, S., Tezuka, Y., Le Tran, Q., Watanabe, H. and Kadota, S. 2004. Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of Vietnamese medicinal plants. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 27(9), 1414-1421.
Oskoueian, E., Abdullah, N., Ahmad, S., Saad, W. Z., Omar, A. R. and Ho, Y. W. 2011. Bioactive compounds and biological activities of Jatropha curcas Kernel meal extract. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 12(9): 5955-5970.
Oskoueian, E., Abdullah, N., Hendra, R. and Karimi, E. 2011. Bioactive compounds, antioxidant, xanthine oxidase inhibitory, tyrosinase inhibitory and anti-inflammatory activities of selected agro-industrial by-products. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 12(12): 8610-8625.
Özek, G., Özbek, M. U., Yur, S., Göger, F., Arslan, M. and Özek, T. 2019. Assessment of endemic Cotafulvida (Asteraceae) for phytochemical composition and inhibitory activities against oxidation, α-amylase, lipoxygenase, xanthine oxidase and tyrosinase enzymes. Records of Natural Products, 13(4): 333-345.
Piwowarski, J. P., Kiss, A. K. and Kozłowska-Wojciechowska, M. 2011. Anti-hyaluronidase and anti-elastase activity screening of tannin-rich plant materials used in traditional polish medicine for external treatment of diseases with inflammatory background. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 137(1): 937-941.
Radulescu, V., Popescu, M. L. and Ilies, D.-C. 2010. Chemical composition of the volatile oil from different plant parts of Anethum graveolens(Umbelliferae) cultivated in Romania. Farmacia, 58(5): 594-600.
Rita, P. and Animesh, D. K. 2011. An updated overview on peppermint (Mentha piperita). International Research Journal of Pharmacy, 2(8): 1-10.
Santoro, G.F., Cardoso, M.G., Guimarães, L.G.L., Mendonça, L.Z. and Soares, M. 2007. Trypanosoma cruzi: Activity of essential oils from Achillea millefolium, Syzygium aromaticum L. and Ocimum basilicum L. On epimastigotes and trypomastigotes. Journal of Experimental Parasitology, 116(3): 283-290.
Sestili, P., Ismail, T., Calcabrini, C., Guescini, M., Catanzaro, E., Turrini, E., Kayla, A., Akhtar, S. and Fimognari, C. 2018. The potential effects of Ocimum basilicum on health: A review of pharmacological and toxicological studies. Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology, 14(7): 679-692.
Tran, H., Le, N., Trinh, A. and Huynh, T. 2019. Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities of some Vietnamese medicinal plants. Planta Medica, 85(18): P-403.
Tripathi, Y.C. and Saini, N. 2019. Total phenolic, total flavonoid content and antioxidant efficacy of leaves of Eupatorium adenophorum. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 10(2): 157-166.
Win Yee, L., Eric Wei Chiang, CH., Chia Wei, P. and Chen Wai, W. 2021. Tyrosinase Inhibiting Extracts from Coastal Plants as Potential Additives in Skin Whitening Formulations. Current Applied Science and Technology. 21(3): 25-50.
Zolghadri, S., Bahrami, A., Hassan Khan, M. T., Munoz-Munoz, J., Garcia-Molina, F., Garcia-Canovas, F. and Saboury, A. A. 2019. A comprehensive review on tyrosinase inhibitors. Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 34(1): 279-309.
