بحران دولت در لیبی و امنیت اروپا
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی تحقیقات سیاسی و بین المللی
رشید رکابیان
1
(دانشگاه هیات علمی گروه علوم سیاسی)
مهدی محمدنیا
2
(دکترای مطالعات استراتژیک، استادیار علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه ایت ا... العظمی بروچردی)
مهرداد عله پور
3
(دانش آموخته ارشد روابط بین الملل دانشگاه گیلان)
کلید واژه: «مهاجرت», «لیبی», «امنیت», «اتحادیه اروپا», «تروریسم بین الملل»,
چکیده مقاله :
از زمان سرنگونی قذافی، هیچ دولتی تاکنون نتوانسته است با اقتدار، حاکمیت واحدی را در لیبی ایجاد کند. لذا امروزه، لیبی دارای دو دولت مستقل است؛ دولت وحدت ملی که توسط سازمان ملل پشتیبانی می‌شود ودولت موقت که توسط پارلمان طبرق حامی ژنرال خلیفه حفتر در شهر البیضا در شرق این کشور تشکیل شده است. در فضای پساقذافی امید می‌رفت که حکومت جدید بتواند لیبی را به سمت مردم‌سالاری هدایت کند؛ اما در مقام عمل، تقسیم حاکمیت و تعارضات شدید سیاسی میان مدعیان قدرت، بحران اقتدار و ناامنی‌های ناشی از خشونت کنشگران قبیله‌ای و نیروهای سلفی، سبب شده است تا دولت پساقذافی عملاً حائز عنوان دولت ورشکسته شود. امروزه، با شدت گرفتن درگیری‌های میدانی میان گرو‌ه‌های مختلف سیاسی از جمله بین خلیفه حفتر و دولت وفاق ملی در طرابلس، امکان دولت‌سازی در این کشور، در هاله‌ای از ابهام قرار گرفته است. پرسش اصلی مقاله این است: بحران دولت در شرایط سیاسی نوین لیبی چه تأثیری بر امنیت کشورهای اروپایی دارد؟ فرضیه مقاله این است که گسترش جنگ داخلی و هرج ومرج در دوران پسا فذافی، موجب شده است تا لیبی به عنوان یک دولت ورشکسته ، به پایگاهی برای مهاجرت گروه های ترورستی و قاچاق انسان به اروپا تبدیل شود.
Since the fall of Qaddafi, no government has ever able to establish a unified sovereignty in Libya. So today, Libya has two independent states: the National Unity Government which is being supported by the United Nations and the interim government formed by the parliament of Tobruk, a supporter of the general, Khalifa Haftar in al-Bayda. In the post-Gaddafi era, it was hoped that the new government could lead Libya toward democracy, but, due to the division of sovereignty and political conflict between the seekers of power, a crisis of authority and insecurities caused by violent tribal activists and Salafists led the post-authoritarian state turned out to be regarded as a failed state. With the intensification of conflicts between various political groups, including Haftar and the National Unity Government in Tripoli, the possibility of state-building in this country has been confused. The main question is that "How does the government's crisis in Libya's new political conditions affect the security of European countries?" The hypothesis of the article is that "the expansion of civil war and chaos during post-Gaddafi era has led Libya, as a failed state, to be a base for the migration of terrorist groups and human trafficking into Europe".
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