Nutritional Value of Spent Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) Compost Silage Treated with Different Level of Molasses in Sheep Feeding
محورهای موضوعی : Camel
K. Zaboli
1
,
S. Kalvandi
2
,
M. Malecky
3
,
M. Nasrabadi
4
1 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
2 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
3 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
4 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
کلید واژه: Molasses, fermentation characteristics, spent mushroom compost silage, <i>in vivo</i> digestibility,
چکیده مقاله :
This study aimed to evaluate in vitro and in vivo the nutritional value of the spent mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) compost (SMC) silage treated with different levels of molasses. For this purpose, the SMC samples were treated with 0, 7.5, and 15% (dry matter basis) of molasses (SMC0, SMC7.5, and SMC15, respectively) and ensiled over 60 days. At the end of the ensiling period, chemical composition and fermentation characteristics (including pH, NH3, water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) and lactic acid contents, buffering capacity (BC), and flieg point) of the silages were determined. Ruminal fermentation characteristics and total tract digestibility of the silages were determined in vitro (24-h and 144-h incubations) and in vivo (using 18 male lambs), respectively. Molasses treatment improved SMC silage fermentation characteristics by lowering pH and BC (P<0.05). In 24-h incubations, the gas produced over 24 h of incubation (GP24), dry matter digestibility (DMD24), and total volatile fatty acids were higher in SMC7.5 and SMC15 than SMC0 (P<0.05). In 144-h incubations, asymptotic gas production (A), dry matter and organic matter digestibility (DMD144 and OMD144) increased, and lag time (L) decreased in the SMC7.5 and SMC15 (P<0.05). In vivo digestibility of nutrients (except neutral detergent fiber (NDF)) was improved non-linearly with molasses treatment (P<0.05). The NDF digestibility tended to increase linearly with molasses treatment (P=0.056). These results revealed that ensiling spent mushroom compost with 15% molasses significantly improves its nutritional value, making it a cost-effective by-product feedstuff that can be used in ruminant diets.
Abbasi M., Rouzbehan Y., Rezaei J. and Jacobsen S.E. (2018). The effect of lactic acid bacteria inoculation, molasses, or wilting on the fermentation quality and nutritive value of amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriaus) silage. J. Anim. Sci. 96(9), 3983-3992.
Aksu T., Baytok E., Karsl M.A. and Muruz H. (2006). Effects of formic acid, molasses and inoculant additives on corn silage composition, organic matter digestibility and microbial protein synthesis in sheep. Small Rumin. Res. 61, 29-33.
AOAC. (1998). Official Methods of Analysis. Vol. I. 16th Ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA, USA.
Arbabi S. and Ghoorchi T. (2010). The effect of different levels of molasses as silage additives on fermentation quality of foxtail millet (Setaria italica) silage. Asian J. Anim. Sci. 4(3), 149-156.
Azizi-Shotorkhoft A., Rezaei J. and Fazaeli H. (2013). The effect of different levels of molasses on the digestibility, rumen parameters and blood metabolites in sheep fed processed broiler litter. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 179(1), 69-76.
Azizi-Shotorkhoft A., Rouzbehan Y. and Fazaeli H. (2012). The influence of the different carbohydrate sources on utilization efficiency of processed broiler litter in sheep. Livest. Sci. 148(3), 249-254.
Babaeinasab Y., Rouzbehan Y., Fazaeli H. and Rezaei J. (2015). Chemical composition, silage fermentation characteristics, and in vitro ruminal fermentation parameters of potato-wheat straw silage treated with molasses and lactic acid bacteria and corn silage. J. Anim. Sci. 93(9), 4377-4386.
Bakshi M.P.S. and Langar P.N. (1985). Utilization of Agaricus bisporus harvested spent wheat straw in buffaloes. Indian J Anim Sci. 55(12), 1060-1063.
Bakshi M.P.S. and Langar P.N. (1991). Agaricus bisporus harvested spent wheat straw as livestock feed. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 61(6), 653-654.
Balakhial A., Naserian A.A., Heravi Moussavi A., Eftekhar Shahrodi F. and Valizadeh R. (2008). Changes in chemical composition and in vitro DM digestibility of urea and molasses treated whole crop canola silage. J. Anim. Vet. Adv. 7(9), 1042-1044.
Barnett A.G. and Reid R.L. (1957). Studies on the production of volatile fatty acid production from fresh grass. J. Agric. Sci. 48, 315-321.
Baytok E., Aksu T., Karsli M.A. and Muruz H. (2005). The effects of formic acid, molasses and inoculant as silage additives on corn silage composition and ruminal fermentation characteristics in sheep. Turkish J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 29, 469-474.
Bolsen K.K., Ashbell G. and Weinberg Z.G. (1996). Silage fermentation and silage additives-review. Asian-Australasian J. Anim. Sci. 9(5), 483-494.
Broderick G.A. and Radloff W.J. (2004). Effect of molasses supplementation on the production of lactating dairy cows fed diets based on alfalfa and corn silage. J. Dairy Sci. 87, 2997-3009.
Chamberlain A.T. and Wilkinson J.M. (2000). Feeding the Dairy Cow. Chalcombe Publications, Lincoln, United Kingdom.
Chen X., Li W., Gao C., Zhang X., Weng B. and Cai Y. (2017). Silage preparation and fermentation quality of kudzu, sugarcane top and their mixture treated with lactic acid bacteria, molasses and cellulase. Anim. Sci. J. 88(11), 1715-1721.
FAO. (2019). Moving Forward on Food Loss and Waste Reduction. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
Fazaeli H. and Masoodi A.R. (2006). Spent wheat straw compost of Agaricus bisporus mushroom as ruminant feed. Asian-Australasian J. Anim. Sci. 19(6), 845-851.
Fazaeli H., Shafyee-Varzeneh H., Farahpoor A. and Moayyer A. (2014). Recycling of mushroom compost wheat straw in the diet of feedlot calves with two physical forms. Int. J. Recycl. Org. Waste Agric. 3(65), 1-13.
Figenschou D.L. and Marais J.P. (1991). Spectrophotometric method for the determination of microquantities of lactic acid in biological material. Anal. Biochem. 195(2), 308-312.
France J., Dhanoa M.S., Theodorou M.K., Lister S.J., Davies D.R. and Isac D. (1993). A model to interpret gas accumulation profiles associated with in vitro degradation of ruminant feeds. J. Theor. Biol. 163, 99-111.
Galyean M.L. (1997). Laboratory Procedures in Animal Nutrition Research. Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA.
Hashemzadeh-Cigari F., Khorvash M., Ghorbani G.R. and Taghizadeh A. (2011). The effects of wilting, molasses and inoculants on the fermentation quality and nutritive value of lucerne silage. South African J. Anim. Sci. 41(4), 377-388.
Jian W., Lei C., Yuan X.J., Gang G., Li J.F., Bai Y.F. and Tao S. (2017). Effects of molasses on the fermentation characteristics of mixed silage prepared with rice straw, local vegetable by-products and alfalfa in Southeast China. J. Integr. Agric. 16, 664-670.
Kim Y.I., Cho W.M., Hong S.K., Oh Y.K. and Kwak W.S. (2011). Yield, nutrient characteristics, ruminal solubility and degradability of spent mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) substrates for ruminants. Asian-Australasian J. Anim. Sci. 24(11), 1560-1568.
Kim Y.I., Oh Y.K., Park K.K. and Kwak W.S. (2014). Ensiling characteristics and the in situ nutrient degradability of a by-product feed-based silage. Asian-Australasian J. Anim. Sci. 27(2), 201-2013.
Kozloski G.V., Sengar C.C.D., perottoni J. and Bonnecarrere Sanchez L.M. (2006). Evaliation of two methods for ammonia extraction and analysis in silage samples. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 127, 336-342.
Kristensen V.F. (1992). The production and feeding of whole-crop cereals and legumes in Denmark. Pp. 21-38. in Whole-Crop Cereals. B.A. Stark and J.M. Wilkinson, Eds., Chalcombe Publications, Marlow, United Kingdom.
Kwak W.S., Kim Y.I., Seok J.S., Oh Y.K. and Lee S.M. (2009). Molasses and microbial inoculants improve fermentability and silage quality of cotton waste-based spent mushroom substrate. Bioresour. Technol. 100(3), 1471-1473.
Lau K.L., Tsang Y.Y. and Chiu S.W. (2003). Use of spent mushroom compost to bioremediate PAH-contaminated samples. Chemosphere. 52, 1539-1546.
Lazzarini I., Detmann E., Sampaio C.B., Paulino M.F., Valadares Filho S.D.C., Souza M.A.D. and Oliveira F.A. (2009). Intake and digestibility in cattle fed low-quality tropical forage and supplemented with nitrogenous compounds. Rev. Brasileira Zootec. 38(10), 2021-2030.
Li M., Zi X., Zhou H., Hou G. and Cai Y. (2014). Effects of sucrose, glucose, molasses and cellulase on fermentation quality and in vitro gas production of king grass silage. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 197, 206-212.
MAFF. (1986). Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry Condition Scoring of Dairy Cows. Advisory Pamphlet. London, UK.
Mahala A.G. and Khalifa I.M. (2007). The effect of molasses levels on quality of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) silage. Res. J. Anim. Vet. Sci. 2, 43-46.
McDonald P., Edwards R.A., Greenhalgh J.F.D., Morgan C.A., Sinclair L.A. and Wilkinson R.G. (2011). Animal Nutrition. Prentice Hall, Essex, United Kingdom.
McDonald P., Henderson A.R. and Heron S.J.E. (1991). The Biochemistry of Silage. Chalcombe Publication, Marlow, United Kingdom.
Menke K.H. and Steingass H. (1988). Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid. Anim. Res. Dev. 28, 7-55.
Mertens D.R. (2002). Gravimetric determination of amylase-treated neutral detergent fiber in feeds with refluxing in beakers or crucibles: collaborative study. J. AOAC Int. 85, 1217-1240.
Moharrery A. (2007). The determination of buffering capacity of some ruminant’s feedstuff and their cumulative effects on TMR ration. Am. J. Anim. Vet. Sci. 2(4), 72-78.
Moselhy M.A., Borba J.P. and Borba A.E. (2015). Improving the nutritive value, in vitro digestibility and aerobic stability of Hedychium gardnerianum silage through application of additives at ensiling time. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 206, 8-18.
Nayigihugu V., Kellogg D.W., Johnson Z.B., Scott M. and Anschutz K.S. (1995). Effects of adding levels of molasses on composition of bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) silage. J. Anim. Sci. 73(1), 200-210.
Neghabi N., Jalilvand G., Elahi M. and Shojaeian K. (2013). Effect of different levels of yeast (Saccaromyses cerveasia) and molasses on the nutritive value of atriplex lentiformis silage. J. Rumin. Res. 1(3), 31-50.
Nkosi B.D. and Meeske R. (2010). Effects of whey and molasses as silage additives on potato hash silage quality and growth performance of lambs. South African J. Anim. Sci. 40(3), 229-237.
Noordar H., Malecky M., Jahanian Najafabadi H. and Navidshad B. (2017). Evaluating nutritional value of processed potato vines by in vitro gas production. New Zealand J. Agric. Res. 60(2), 189-204.
Okano K., Kitao R. and Miki S. (2004). Changes in digestibility and cell wall constituents of corncob meal medium cultivated with Pleurotus eryngii and Pleurotus salmoneostramineus. Anim. Sci. J. 75, 551-557.
Okano K., Tenemura E., Miki S. and Inatomi S. (2006). Effects of incubation temperature and period on the digestibility of spent corncob meal substrate after cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii. Anim. Sci. J. 77, 225-230.
Playne M.J. and McDonald P. (1966). The buffering constituents of herbage and silage. J. Sci. Food Agric. 17, 264-266.
Rezaei J., Rouzbehan Y. and Fazaeli H. (2009). Nutritive value of fresh and ensiled amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) treated with different levels of molasses. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 151, 153-160.
Romney D.L., Blunn V., Sanderson R. and Leaver J.D. (2000). Feeding behaviour, food intake and milk production responses of lactating dairy cows to diets based on grass silage of high or low dry-matter content, supplemented with quickly and slowly fermentable energy sources. Anim. Sci. 71(2), 349-357.
Sampaio C.B., Detmann E., Paulino M.F., Valadares Filho S.C., de Souza M.A., Lazzarini I., Paulino P.V.R. and de Queiroz A.C. (2010). Intake and digestibility in cattle fed low-quality tropical forage and supplemented with nitrogenous compounds. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 42(7), 1471-1479.
SAS Institute. (2004). SAS®/STAT Software, Release 9.4. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC. USA.
Seo J.K., Yang J., Kim H.J., Upadhaya S.D., Cho W.M. and Ha J.K. (2010). Effects of synchronization of carbohydrate and protein supply on ruminal fermentation, nitrogen metabolism and microbial protein synthesis in Holstein steers. Asian-Australasian J. Anim. Sci. 23(11), 1455-1461.
Shao T., Shimojo M., Wang T. and Masuda Y. (2005). Effect of additives on the fermentation quality and residual mono-and disaccharides compositions of forage oats (Avena sativa) and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) silages. Asian-Australasian J. Anim. Sci. 18(11), 1582-1588.
Uzun I. (2004). Use of spent mushroom compost in sustainable fruit production. J. Fruit Ornam. Plant Res. 12, 157-165.
Valizadeh R. and Sobhanirad S. (2009). The potential of agro-industrial by-products as feed sources for livestock in Khorasan Razavi Province of Iran. J. Anim. Vet. Adv. 8(11), 2375-2379.
Valmaseda M., Almendros G. and Martinez A.T. (1991). Chemical transformation of wheat straw constituents after solid state fermentation with selected lignocellulose degrading fungi. Biomass Bioenergy. 1(5), 261-266.
Van Kuijk S.J.A., Sonnenberg A.S.M., Baars J.J.P., Hendriks W.H. and Cone J.W. (2015). Fungal treatment of lignocellulosic biomass: Importance of fungal species, colonization and time on chemical composition and in vitro rumen degradability. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 209, 40-50.
Van Soest P.J. (1994). Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York.
Xia C., Liang Y., Bai S., He Y., Muhammad A.U.R., Su H. and Cao B. (2018). Effects of harvest time and added molasses on nutritional content, ensiling characteristics and in vitro degradation of whole crop wheat. Asian-Australasian J. Anim. Sci. 31(3), 354-362.
Yang C.M., Haung J.S.C., Chang T., Cheng Y.H. and Chang C.Y. (2004). Fermentation acids, aerobic fungal growth, and intake of Napier grass ensiled with non-fiber carbohydrates. J. Dairy Sci. 87, 630-636.
