Impact of Oxytocin-Milking Method on Lactation Performance and Lactation Length of Sheep
محورهای موضوعی : CamelM. Nezamidoust 1 , S. Razzaghzadeh 2 , E. Ezati 3 , R. Ghorbani 4
1 - Arazdam Company, West Azarbaijan, Poldasht, Iran
2 - Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center, West Azerbaidjan, Urmia, Iran
3 - Agriculture Jihad Organization of West Azerbaidjan, Urmia, Iran
4 - Agriculture Jihad Organization of West Azerbaidjan, Urmia, Iran
کلید واژه: milk yield, lactation length, lactation persistency, Makui sheep, milk components, oxytocin method,
چکیده مقاله :
Determination of milk yield potential using an accurate method is essential for assessing nutritional requirements, evaluation of genetic potential, lamb growth and survival, management decisions and improving performance traits of sheep flocks. Exogenous oxytocin injection is applied to estimate milk secretion rate in sheep. Oxytocin is a neurohormone produced in the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system, which is released into the blood in response to teat stimulation. It has a galactopoietic effect and plays an important role in lactation acting on milk ejection via the secretory activity and contraction of myoepithelial cells. One hundred singleton-bearing and rearing Makui breed ewes were assigned into two treatments: group I (hand milking and stripping following the intramuscular injection of 2.5 IU of oxytocin) and group II (hand milking and stripping). The study aimed to examine the effect of exogenous oxytocin injection on milk yield, milk composition and lactation length of ewes during the entire lactation period. Data were recorded at fortnightly intervals from post-partum day 14 onward. Oxytocin treatment group produced significantly more average daily milk yield (562.3 vs. 301.4 g) and total milk yield (93.6 vs. 38.5 kg) compared with non-treated animals (P<0.05). Lactation length was 145.7 days and 115.2 days for the oxytocin and the control group, respectively (P=0.038). Oxytocin injection increased milk peak yield and lactation persistency (P<0.05) while shorter peak time (34.1 vs. 39.2 days) was observed for oxytocin group (P=0.043). Oxytocin administration increased milk fat percentage (6.73 vs. 5.86) in treated compared to control ewes (P=0.029). However, no difference was detected in the percentage of protein and lactose associated to the oxytocin injection (P>0.05). The development of milk ejection inhibition throughout lactation during the exclusively sucklingperiod, followed by hand-stripping, entails the need for oxytocin to sustain mammary cells and lactation persistency in ewes. Itfurther confirms that oxytocin allows overcoming the negative feedback mechanisms exerted on milk ejection, enhancing the intracellular transfer of secretory vesicles and contraction of myoepithelial cells and thereby increasing milk production and lactation length, which is a useful technique to ensure complete alveolar milk let-down and optimum milk withdrawal from the cistern.
برآورد میزان بازده شیر با استفاده از یک روش دقیق جهت سنجش نیازهای تغذیه‌ای، ارزیابی پتانسیل ژنتیکی، رشد و زنده مانی بره، تصمیم‌گیری‌های مدیریتی و بهبود صفات عملکردی گله گوسفند ضروری است. تزریق اکسی توسین جهت تخمین میزان ترشح شیر در گوسفند استفاده می‌شود. اکسی توسن یک هورمون عصبی که در سیستم هیپوتالاموس-هیپوفیز پسین تولید شده و در پاسخ به تحریک نوک پستان به داخل خون آزاد می‌شود. اکسی توسین دارای اثر گالاکتوپوئتیک و با تأثیر بر فرایند خروج شیر از طریق فعالیت ترشحی و انقباض سلول‌های مایواپتلیال نقش مهمی در شیردهی بازی می‌کند. جهت بررسی اثر تزریق اکسی توسین بر بازده شیرده، ترکیبات شیر و طول دوره شیردهی میش‌ها در کل طول دوره شیردهی، یکصد رأس گوسفند نژاد ماکوئی با زایش و پرورش یک بره به دو تیمار، گروه 1 (شیردوشی و تخلیه کامل پستان با دست بعد از تزریق عضلانی 5/2 واحد بین المللی اکسی توسین) گروه 2 (شیردوشی و تخلیه کامل پستان با دست) اختصاص یافتند. داده‌ها از روز چهاردم بعد از زایش با فاصله دو هفته‌ای در میان رکورد برداری شدند. گرو دریافت کننده اکسی توسین به طور معنی‌داری میانگین شیر تولیدی روزانه (3/562 درمقابل 4/301 گرم) و مقدار کل شیر (6/93 درمقابل 5/38 کیلوگرم) بیشتری در مقایسه با گروه شاهد تولید کردند (05/0>P). طول دوره شیردهی به ترتیب 7/145 روز برای گروه اکسی توسین و 2/115 روز برای گروه شاهد بود (038/0=P). تزریق اکسی توسین بازده پیک شیر و تداوم شیردهی میش‌ها را افزایش داد (05/0>P). در حالیکه زمان پیک کوتاه‌تر (1/34 درمقابل 2/39) برای گروه اکسی توسین مشاهده شد (043/0=P). استفاده از اکسی توسین درصد چربی شیر (73/6 درمقابل 86/5) را در مقایسه با میش‌های گروه شاهد افزایش داد (029/0=P). اما با تزریق اکسی توسین هیچ تفاوتی در درصد پروتئین و لاکتوز شیر مشاهده نشد (05/0>P). روند صعودی ممانعت ازخروج شیر سرتاسر دوره شیردهی به دنبال دوره منحصراً شیرخواری و سپس شیردوشی با دست، نیاز به اکسی توسین را جهت نگهداری سلول‌های پستان و تداوم شیردهی در میش‌ها مستلزم می‌نماید و تأیید می‌کند که اکسی توسین با غلبه بر مکانیسم‌های پس خور منفی حاصل از شیر در اطراف آلوئل و با افزایش انتقال وزیکول‌های ترشحی داخل سلولی و انقباض سلول‌های مایواپتلیال، مقدار تولید شیر و طول دوره شیردهی میش‌ها را افزایش می‌دهد که یک تکنیک مفید جهت تضمین خروج شیر آلوئلی و تخلیه نرمال شیر از محفظه سیسترن می‌باشد.
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