Chemical Composition, Physical Characteristics, Rumen Degradability of NDF and NDF Fractionation in Rice Straw as an Effective Fibre in Ruminants
محورهای موضوعی : Camel
1 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Science, Sari University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran
کلید واژه: Rice straw, effective fibre, in degradable NDF, physical characteristic,
چکیده مقاله :
In order to determine of physical characteristics of rice straw as an effective source of fiber in ruminants, alfalfa hay, four varieties of rice straw (Taroum Neda, Taroum Neamat, Taroum Sangi, and Asgari), and four rations that contained four varieties of rice straws were investigated. The chemical (dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), nonfiber carbohydrates (NFC) and crude protein (CP)), and physical characteristics (bulk density, water holding capacity (WHC), and soluble and insoluble DM and ash of samples, kinetics of hydration and change in functional specific gravity (FSG) and feed particle size, physically effective factor (pef)) of forages and total mixed ration (TMR) were determined. Except on ether extract and ash content, the DM, OM, NDF, NFC, and CP content of four rice straw and rations were similar but there was different among alfalfa and rice straws. The rice straws had a bulk density lesser than alfalfa. However, TMR had a similar bulk density, WHC, hydration rate, insoluble DM and ash and greater than alfalfa hay. Alfalfa had lesser WHC than rice straws and there were not different in straws. The soluble DM and FSG of rice straws were similar and lesser than those of alfalfa hay. The TMR had similar physical characteristics. Alfalfa hay had greater FSG than rice straw at all incubation times. Four rice straws and four rations were similar in indegradable NDF (iNDF)and total tract NDF digestibility (TTNDFD). Results showed that regardless the system, rice straws were similar in physically effectiveness and physically more effective than alfalfa because of having greater NDF and iNDF content, geometric mean and pef than alfalfa.
American Society of Agricultural Engineers. (2002). Method of Determining and Expressing Particle Size of Chopped Forage (S424.1). American Societyof Agriculturaland BiologicalEngineers, St. Joseph, Michigan.
AOAC. (1990). Official Methods of Analysis. Vol. 17th Ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA, USA.
ASTM Committee EO2 On Terminology. (2000). ASTM Dictionary of Engineering Science and Technology. West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania.
Bainton S.J., Plumb V.E., Juliano B.O., Perez C.M., Roxas D.B., Khush G.S., de Jesus J.C. and Gomez K.A. (1991). Variation in the nutritional value of rice straw. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 34, 261-277.
Capper B.C. (1988). Genetic variation in the feeding value of cereal straw. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 21, 127-140.
Cotanch K., Grant R., Van Amburgh M., Zontini A., Fustini M., Palmonari A. and Formigoni A. (2014). Applications of uNDF in ration modeling and formulation. Pp.114-131 in Proc. Cornell Nutr. Conf. Dept. Anim. Sci. Cornell Univ. Ithaca, New York.
FAO. (2013). Food Wastage Footprint: Impacts on Natural Resources. Summary report. Natural Resources Management and Environment Department, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Rome, Italy.
Giger-Reverdin S. (2000). Characterization of feedstuffs for ruminants using some physical parameters. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 86, 53-69.
Kononoff P.J. (2002). The effect of ration particle size on dairy cows in early lactation. Ph D. Thesis. The Pennsylvania State Univ., Pensilvania. USA.
Lammers B.P., Buckmaster D.R. and Heinrichs A.J. (1996). A simple method for the analysis of particle sizes of forages and total mixed rations. J. Dairy Sci. 79, 922-928.
Lippke H. (1986). Regulation of voluntary intake of ryegrass and sorghum forages in cattle by indigestible neutral detergent fiber. J. Anim. Sci. 63, 1459-1468.
Mertens D.R. (2000). Physically effective NDF and its use in dairy rations explored. Feedstuffs. 10, 11-14.
Mertens D.R. (1997). Creating a system for meeting the fiber requirements of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 80, 1463-1481.
Raffrenato E. and Van Amburgh M. (2010). Development of a mathematical model to predict sizes and rates of digestion of a fast and slow degrading pool and the indigestible NDF fraction. Pp. 52-65 in Proc. Cornell Nutr. Conf. Syracuse, New York.
SAS Institute. (1998). SAS®/STAT Software, Release 8. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC. USA.
Singh B. and Narang M.P. (1991). Some physico-chemical characteristics of forages and their relationship to digestibility. Indian J. Anim. Nutr. 8, 179-186.
Singh M. and Singh H.P. (1995). Genetic variation in chemical composition and digestibility of nutrients in rice straw. Int. Rice Res. Notes. 20, 4-8.
Teimouri Yansari A. and Pirmohammadi R. (2009). Effect of particle size of alfalfa hay and reconstitution with water on intake, digestion and milk production in Holstein dairy cows. Animal. 3, 218-227.
Teimouri Yansari A., Valizadeh R., Naserian A., Christensen D.A., Yu P. and Eftekhari Shahroodi F. (2004). Effects of alfalfa particle size and specific gravity chewing activity, digestibility and performance of Holstein dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 87, 3912-3924.
Vadivelloo J. (1995). Factors contributing to varietal differences in the nutritive value of rice straw. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 54, 45-53.
Vadivelloo J. (2000). Nutritional properties of the leaf and stem of rice straw. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 83, 57-65.
Vadivelloo J. and Phang O.C. (1996). Differences in the nutritive value of two rice straw varieties as influenced by season and location. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 61, 347-352.
Van Soest P.J. (2006). Rice straw, the role of silica and treatments to improve quality. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 130, 137-171.
Van Soest P.J. (1994). Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant. Durham and Downey Inc., Portland, Oregon, USA.
Van Soest P.J., Robertson J.B. and Lewis B.A. (1991). Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and non-starch polysaccharide in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74, 3583-3597.
Wattiaux M.A. (1990). A mechanism influencing passage of forage particles through the reticulo-rumen: change in specific gravity during hydration and digestion. Ph D. Thesis. University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Zali S., Teimouri Yansari A. and Jafari Sayyadi A. (2015). Effect of particle size and fragility of corn silage and alfalfa hay on intake, digestibility, performance, and chewing activity of fattening male lambs. Res. Rev: J. Vet. Sci. 1, 1-11.
