Symbiotic-Glyconutrient Mixture or Pasteurized Colostrum as a Strategy to Increase Health and Performance during First 30-d of Birth of Calves Reared in a Dairy Farm with Good Management Practices

محورهای موضوعی : Camel

M.E. Calderón-Díaz ¹ (Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21100, Baja California, México)
G. López-Valencia ² (Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21100, Baja California, México)
A. Barreras ³ (Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21100, Baja California, México)
F.J. Monge-Navarro ⁴ (Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21100, Baja California, México)
Y.S. Valdés García ⁵ (Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21100, Baja California, México)
S.M. Gaxiola-Camacho ⁶ (Facultad de Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán 80260, Sinaloa, México)
N. Castro Del Campo ⁷ (Facultad de Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán 80260, Sinaloa, México)
J.B. Leyva-Morales ⁸ (Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, Unidad Guasave, 81048, Sinaloa, México)
A. Plascencia ⁹ (Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, Unidad Guasave, 81048, Sinaloa, México)

تاریخ دریافت : 1399/04/16 تاریخ پذیرش : 1399/06/25 تاریخ انتشار : 1400/03/11

کلید واژه: rearing, glyconutrients, Holstein calves, pasteurized colostrum, symbiotics,

چکیده مقاله :

Eighty Holstein calves born in a dairy farm with good management practices were used to evaluate the effect of treatments on calf-starter intake, growth rate, and incidence of gastrointestinal disorders during the first 30 days of birth. Calves were fed during first 6-h of birth with 4L of with unheated (RAW) or pasteurized (PST, pasteurized during 60 min at 60 ˚C) colostrum (IgG>50 g/L), followed by supplementation with or without symbiotic glyconutrients (GLY) dosed at 5 g/calve/day in the liquid diet consisting of 4 L/d of unsaleable raw whole milk during all the study. Treatments were: 1) RAW, 2) PST, 3) RAW + GLY, and 4) PST + GLY. All calves had >5.5 g/dL of total serum protein read at 12 hours of birth. Calves were assigned to individual cages. All animals had ad libitum access to water and chopped high-quality alfalfa hay, from the fourth day, calf-starter was offered ad libitum. There was no mortality nor infectious diarrhea during the experiment. Pasteurization did not affect the quality (density, pH, and IgG concentration) of colostrum. The overall noninfectious diarrhea frequency was 53.7%. A lower diarrhea frequency was noted to calves that were fed with PST when compared to RAW treatments (45 vs. 62.5%) without differences in the number of times (1.05 vs. 1.26) needed to receive treatment to stop diarrhea. Supplemental GLY did not influence the reduction of diarrhea frequency and did not improve performance. Colostrum pasteurization increased (p <0.05) starter intake by 28.5%, the average daily gain by 35.8%, and live weight change of 9.6%. We concluded that offering pasteurized colostrum during the first hours of life is a positive strategy to increase starter intake and growth during the first 30 days of birth in rearing calves. On the other hand, using the mixture of symbiotic/glyconutrients as feed additive did not show any advantage when offered in this type of farm.

منابع و مأخذ:

Abebaw R., Mitku F. and Fentie T. (2018). A review on the importance of calf diarrhea in dairy production system. Ethiopian perspective. J. Am. Sci. 14, 71-83.

AOAC. (2000). Official Methods of Analysis. 17^th Ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, Washington, DC., USA.

Armengol R. and Fraile L. (2016). Colostrum and milk pasteurization improve health status and decrease mortality in neonatal calves receiving appropriate colostrum ingestion. J. Dairy Sci. 99, 4718-4725.

Bagwe S., Tharappel L.J.P., Kaur G. and Buttar H.S. (2015). Bovine colostrum. An emerging nutraceutical. J. Complement. Integr. Med. 12, 1-11.

Bartier A.L., Windeyer M.C. and Doepel L. (2015). Evaluation on-farm tools for colostrum quality measurement. J. Dairy Sci. 98, 1878-1884.

Beauchemin K.A., Khrebiel C.R. and Newbold C.J. (2006). Enzymes, bacterial direct-fed microbials and yeast: Principles for use in ruminant nutrition. Pp. 251-284 in Biology of Nutrition in Growing Animals. R. Mosenthin, J. Zentek and T. Zebrowska, Eds. Elsevier, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Berge A.C., Lindeque P., Moore D.A. and Sischo W.M. (2005). A clinical trial evaluating prophylactic and therapeutic antibiotic use on health and performance of preweaned calves. J. Dairy Sci. 88, 2166-2177.

Braidwood J.C. and Henry N.W. (1990). Clinical efficacy of chlortetracycline hydrochloride administered in milk replacer to calves. Vet. Record. 127, 297-301.

Dzik S., Miciński B., Aitzhanova I., Miciński J., Pogorzelska J., Beisenov A. and Kowalski I.M. (2017). Properties of bovine colostrum and the possibilities of use. Polish Ann. Med. 24, 295-299.

Elizondo-Salazar J.A. and Heinrichs A.J. (2009). Feeding heat-treated colostrum to neonatal dairy heifers: Effects on growth characteristics and blood parameters. J. Dairy Sci. 92, 3265-3273.

Godden S. (2008). Colostrum management for dairy calves. Pages 19-39 in Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice. S. Godden and S.M. McGuirk, Eds. Elsevier, Mosby Saunders, Pennsylvania, USA.

Jamaluddin A.A., Carpenter T.E., Hird D.W. and Thurmond M.C. (1996). Economics of feeding pasteurized colostrum and pasteurized waste milk to dairy calves. J. Amer. Vet. Med. Assoc. 209, 751-756.

Johnson J.L., Gooden S.M., Molitor T., Ames T. and Hagman D. (2007). Effects of heat-treated colostrum on passive transfer of immune and nutritional parameters in neonatal dairy calves. J. Dairy Sci. 90, 5189-5198.

Khan M.A., Batch A., Weary D.W. and von Keyserlingk M.A.G. (2016). Invited review: Transitioning from milk to solid feed in dairy heifers. J. Dairy Sci. 99, 885-902.

Khan M.A., Lee H.J., Lee W.S., Kim H.S., Kim S.B., Ki K.S., Ha J.K., Lee H.G. and Choi Y.J. (2007). Pre-and postweaning performance of Holstein female calves fed milk through step-down and conventional methods. J. Dairy Sci. 90, 876-885.

Landers T., Cohen B., Wittum T.E. and Larson E.L. (2012). A review of antibiotic use in food animals: Perspective, policy, and potential. Pub. Health Rep. 127, 4-22.

Le Parc A., Karav S., Rouquie C., Maga E.A., Bunyatratchata A. and Barile D. (2017). Characterization of recombinant human lactoferrin N-glycans expressed in the milk of transgenic cows. PLoS One. 12, e0171477.

López-Valencia G., Zapata-Ramírez O., Núñez-González L., Núñez-Benítez V., Landeros-López H., López-Soto M.A., Barreras A., González V., Estrada-Angulo A., Zinn R.A. and Plascencia A. (2017). Effective use of probiotic-glyconutrient combination as an adjuvant to antibiotic therapy for diarrhea in rearing dairy calves. Turkish J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 41, 578-581.

Margerison J. and Downey N. (2005). Guidelines for optimal dairy heifer rearing and herd performance. Pp. 307-338 in Calf and Heifer Rearing—Principles of Rearing the Modern Dairy Heifer. P.C. Garnsworthy, Ed. Nottingham University Press, London, United Kingdom.

McGrath B.A., Fox P.F., McSweeney P.L.H. and Kelly A.L. (2016). Composition and properties of bovine colostrum: A review. Dairy Sci. Technol. 96, 133-158.

McMartin S., Godden S.M., Metzger L., Feirtag J., Bey R., Stabel J., Goyal S., Fetrow J., Wells S. and Chester-Jones H. (2006). Heat treatment of bovine colostrum I. Effects of temperature on viscosity and immunoglobulin G level. J. Dairy Sci. 89, 2110-2118.

Moran J.B. (2011). Factors affecting high mortality rates of dairy replacements calves and heifers in the tropics and strategies for their reduction. Asian-Australasian J. Anim. Sci. 24, 1318-1328.

Murray R.K. (2006). Glycoproteins. Pp. 523-544 in Harpers Illustrated Biochemistry. R.K. Murray, D.K. Granner and V.W. Rodwell, Eds. McGraw-Hill, Columbus, Ohio.

NAHMS. (2014). National Animal Health Monitoring System. USDA. Riverdale, Maryland. Available at: https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/home.

NOM. (1999). Norma Oficial Mexicana. NOM-062-ZOO-1999. Especificaciones técnicas para la producción, cuidado y uso de los animales de laboratorio. Available at: http://www.fmvz.unam.mx/fmvz/principal/archivos.

Pijoan P. (1997). Management factors associated with calf mortality in dairy farms of Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico. Vet. Mexico. 28, 269-275.

Playford R.J. (2001). Peptide therapy and the gastroenterologist: colostrum and milk derived growth factors. Clin. Nutr. 20, 101-116.

Radzikowski D. (2017). Effect of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics on the productivity and health of dairy cows and calves. World Sci. News. 78, 193-198.

SAS Institute. (2004). SAS^®/STAT Software, Release 9.4. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC. USA.

Satık S. and Günal M. (2017). Effects of Kefir as a probiotic source on the performance and health of young dairy calves. Turkish J. Agric. Food Sci. Technol. 5, 139-147.

Signorini M.L., Soto L.P., Zbrun M.V., Sequerira G.J., Rosmini M.R. and Frizzo L.S. (2012). Impact of probiotic administration on the health and fecal microbiota of young calves: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of lactic acid bacteria. Res. Vet. Sci. 93, 250-258.

Timmerman H.M., Mulder L., Everts H., van Espen D.C., Van der Wal E., Klaassen G., Rouwers S.M., Hartemink R., Rombouts F.M. and Beynen A.C. (2005). Health and growth of veal calves fed milk replacers with or without probiotics. J. Dairy Sci. 88, 2154-2165.

Tóth S., Kovács M., Bóta B., Szabó-Fodor J., Bakos G. and Fébel H. (2020). Effect of mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) and inulin supplementation on the performance and certain physiological parameters of calves reared on milk replacer. J. Appl. Anim. Res. 48, 228-234.

Uyeno Y., Shigemori S. and Shimosato T. (2015). Effects of prebiotics/prebiotics in cattle health and productivity: Mini-review. Microbes Environ. 30, 126-132.

Walker W.L., Epperson W.B., Wittum T.E., Lord L.K., Rajala-Schultz P.J. and Lakritz J. (2012). Characteristics of dairy calf ranches: Morbidity, mortality, antibiotic use practices, and biosecurity and biocontainment practices. J. Dairy Sci. 95, 2201-2214.

Zheng L., Duarte M.E., Park I. and Kim S.W. (2017a). Supplemental effects of fermented rice bran extracts on growth performance, immune response of broiler chickens. J. Anim. Sci. 95(2), 75-82.

Zheng L., Duarte M.E., Park I. and Kim S.W. (2017b). Supplemental effects of fermented rice bran extracts on gut health and growth of nursery pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 95(2), 109-116.