Effect of Different Feeding Times on the Performance of Cross Bred Dairy Cattle during Summer Stress

محورهای موضوعی : Camel

م. گول ¹ (Department of Livestock Management, Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan)
آی. احمد ² (Department of Livestock Management, Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan)
ر. خان ³ (Department of Livestock Management, Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan)
اس. ام سهیل ⁴ (Department of Livestock Management, Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan)
اس. اختر ⁵ (Department of Livestock Management, Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan)
آ. رحمان ⁶ (Department of Livestock Management, Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan)
آ. ایجاز ⁷ (Department of Livestock Management, Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan)
آ. گوهر ⁸ (Government Cattle Breeding and Dairy Form Harichand, Charsadda, Pakistan)

تاریخ دریافت : 1394/02/21 تاریخ پذیرش : 1394/05/24 تاریخ انتشار : 1395/03/12

کلید واژه: milk composition, Malondialdehyde, summer stress, feeding time, mitigation strategy,

چکیده مقاله :

The livestock sector in Pakistan occupies a unique position in the national agenda of economic development. The current study was conducted to evaluate a heat stress mitigation strategy through different feeding times on the performance i.e. milk yield, milk composition and physiochemical properties of milk in dairy cattle during the summer season. Twenty Holstein Friesian cows (HF) were randomly divided into four groups (G1. 20/80, G2. 50/50, G3. 0/100, G4. 100/0 feeding at day/night %). Milk yield, milk composition, physiochemical properties and malondialdehyde (MDA) in blood serum were determined. In the first week morning time milk yield was significantly highest in group G1 followed by G2, G3 and G4, respectively. During the 2nd to 8th weeks in the morning time it was highest in G2 followed by groups G1, G3 and G4followed. It was highest in G1 followed by G4, G3 and G2 in the evening time during 1to 8th weeks. In 5th week milk yield was more in G4, G3, G2 and G1 in the evening time. In all weeks (1 to 8) pH of milk was higher in groups G1, G2 and G4 followed by G3. In weeks 1 and 2, protein and lactose contents were similar among the four groups, while the fat percentage was higher in G4 followed by G3, G2 and group G1. In weeks 3 and 4 fat was more in the G4 and G3 groups respectively. In the third week pH, acidity and specific gravity of milk was not changed significantly in all the groups. In the fourth week pH was slightly reduced in G3, while acidity and specific gravity remained the same in all the groups. In group G5 pH and specific gravity of milk was comparatively high in group G1 followed by G2 and G3, while acidity was more in G1 as compared to other groups. Similarly pH and specific gravity of milk in the sixth week was slightly more in G1 followed by other three groups. In the seventh week fat was more in G4 followed by G3, G2 and G1. In week 1 levels of MDA were high in G4 followed by G3, G2 and G1. Similar results were found in weeks 2, 3, 4, 5 and 8. In the sixth and seventh weeks the level of MDA was high in G4 followed by G2, G3 and G1. It was concluded that changes in feeding time significantly increased milk yield in those groups which were fed in the cooler part of the day. Milk composition and its physiochemical properties were also affected due to variation in milk yield in the morning and evening times. Hence change in feeding time during the summer season in tropical areas is a good husbandry practice to mitigate heat stress effects on the production performance of dairy cattle.

چکیده انگلیسی:

بخش پرورش حیوانات اهلی در پاکستان یک موقعیت بی­نظیر را در توسعه اقتصاد ملی این کشور شامل می­شود. مطالعه حاضر برای ارزیابی به کارگیری استراتژی کاهش استرس گرما از طریق استفاده از زمان­های مختلف تغذیه روی صفات عملکردی تولید و ترکیب شیر و خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمیایی آن در گاوهای شیری در طی فصل تابستان انجام شد. بیست رأس گاو هلشتاین فریزین به طور تصادفی در چهار گروه تیماری (G1: 80/20، G2: 50/50،G3 : 100/0 وG4 : 0/100؛ از نسبت­های روز به شب) تقسیم شدند. تولید و ترکیب شیر و خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمایی آن و سطح مالون­دی­آلدئید در سرم خون تعیین شدند. نتیجه­گیری اینکه تغییرات در زمان تغذیه، به طور معنی­داری تولید شیر را در گروه­هایی که در بخش خنک­تر روز تغذیه می­کردند افزایش داد. ترکیب شیر و خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمیایی آن نیز از نوسانات تغذیه در زمان­های صبح و عصر تأثیر ­پذیرفته­اند. بنابراین، تغییر در زمان تغذیه در طی فصل تابستان در نواحی گرم یک روش عملیاتی مناسب برای بر طرف نمودن اثرات تنش گرمایی روی عملکرد تولیدی گاوهای شیری است.

منابع و مأخذ:

Aganga A.A., Amarteifo J.O. and Nkile N. (2002). Stage of lactation on nutrient composition of Tswana sheep and goat milk. J. Food Compos. Anal. 15(5), 533-543.

Aharoni Y., Brosh A. and Harari Y. (2005). Night feeding for high-yielding dairy cows in hot weather: effects on intake, milk yield and energy expenditure. Livest. Prod. Sci. 92, 207-219.

Antunac N., Samarsija D., Havranek J.L., Pavic V. and Mioc B. (2001). Effect of stage and number of lactation on chemical composition of goat milk. Czech J. Anim. Sci. 46(12), 548-553.

AOAC. (1990). Official Methods of Analysis. Vol. I. 15^th Ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA, USA.

Arguello A., Gines R., Capote J. and Lopez J.L. (1998). Chemical composition and physical characteristics of goat colostrums. Vet. Argent. 15(148), 573-578.

Asif M. and SumairaU. (2010). A comparative study on the physicochemical parameters of milk samples collected from buffalo, cow, goat and sheep of Gujrat, Pakistan. Pakistan J. Nutr. 9(12), 1192-1197.

Beede D.K. and Collier R.J. (1986). Potential nutritional strategies for intensively managed cattle during thermal stress. J. Anim. Sci. 62, 543-554.

Bhosale S.S., Kahate P.A., Kamble K., Thakare V.M. and Gubbawar S.G. (2009). Effect of lactation on physicochemical properties of local goat milk. Vet. World. 2, 17-19.

Charnobai C.A., Damasceno J.C., Viseentainer J.V., Souza M.E.D. and Matsushita M. (1999). Physical-chemical composition of Mathura goat milk from cross Saanen throughout lactation period. Arch. Latin. Am. Nutr. 49(3), 283-286.

Climate Change. (2007). Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. CambridgeUniversity Press, Cambridge, UK.

Farmer E.E. and Davoine C. (2007). Reactive electrophile species. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 10(4), 380-386.

Ferreira G. (2013). Reproductive performance of dairy farms in western Buenos Aires province, Argentina. J. Dairy Sci. 96, 8075-8080.

Gordon F.J. and Forbes T.J. (1970). The associate effect of level of energy and protein intake in the dairy cow. J. Dairy Res. 37, 481-491.

Haenlein G.F.W. (1996). Nutritional value of dairy products of ewe and goat milk. Pp. 159-187 in Proc. IDF/CIRVAL. Sem. Prod. Utiliz. Ewe and Goat. Milk. Crete, Greece.

Hahn G.L. (1999). Dynamic responses of cattle to thermal heat loads. J. Anim. Sci. 77, 10-20.

Hahn G.L., Mader T.L. and Eigenberg R.A. (2003). Perspective on development of thermal indices for animal studies and management. Pp. 97-123 in Interactions Between Climate and Animal Production EAAP Tech Series. N. Lacetera, U. Bernabucci, H. Khalifa, B. Ronchi and A. Nardone, Eds. Wageningen, Netherlands.

Igono M.O., Bjotvedt G. and Sanford-Crane H.T. (1992). Environmental profile and critical temperature effects on milk production of Holstein cows in desert climate. Int. J. Biometeorol. 36, 77-87.

Jenness R., Shipe W.F. and Sherbon J.W. (1974). Fundamentals of Dairy Chemistry. A.V. Publishing Co., Westport, New Zealand.

Klusmeyer T.H., McCarthy R.D.J., Clark J.H. and Nelson D.R. (1990). Effects of source and amount of protein on ruminal fermentation and passage of nutrients to the small intestine of lactating cows. J. Dairy Sci. 73, 3526-3537.

Minieri L., de Franciscis G. and Intrieri F. (1965). Relationship betwen pH, acidity and compositon of bufalo milk. J. Dairy Sci. 28, 1676-1681.

Nardone A., Ronchi B., Lacetera N., Ranieri M.S. and BernabucciU. (2010). Effects of climate changes on animal production and sustainability of livestock systems. Livest. Sci. 130, 57-69.

Ohkawa H., Ohishi N. and Yagi K. (1979). Assay for lipid peroxidation in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Ann. Biochem. 95, 351-358.

Ominski K.H., Kennedy A.D., Wittenberg K.M. and Moshtaghi Nia S.A. (2002). Physiological and production responses to feeding schedule in lactating dairy cows exposed to short-term, moderate heat stress. J. Dairy Sci. 85, 730-737.

Speakman J.R. and Król E. (2010). Maximal heat dissipation capacity and hyperthermia risk: neglected key factors in the ecology of endotherms. J. Anim. Ecol. 79(4), 726-746.

Tahmasbi M., Kazemi M., Moheghi M., Bayat J. and Shahri A.M. (2012). Effects of selenium and vitamin E and night or day feeding on performance of Holstein dairy cows during hot weather. J. Cell. Anim. Biol. 6(3), 33-40.

West J.W. (2003). Effects of heat-stress on production in dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 86, 2131-2144.