Effect of Ground or Whole Wheat and Triticale on Productive Performance, Egg Quality, Gastrointestinal Tract Traits and Nutrient Digestibility of Laying Japanese Quails
محورهای موضوعی : Camelن. بختیاری معز 1 , س. میرزایی گودرزی 2 , ع.ا. ساکی 3 , ا. احمدی 4
1 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
2 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
3 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
4 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
کلید واژه: performance, nutrient digestibility, laying quail, grain source, whole grain,
چکیده مقاله :
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of ground or whole wheat and triticale on productive performance, egg quality, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) traits and nutrient digestibility in laying Japanese quails. A total of 210 laying Japanese quails at 18 to 26 weeks of age were used. The experiment was designed as a 2 × 2 + 1 factorial arrangement with five treatments: a control diet was based on corn and soybean meal, two grain sources (wheat and triticale) and two physical forms of grain (ground and whole). Each treatment was replicated 6 times and the experimental unit was a cage with 7 birds each. Egg production, egg weight, egg mass, and feed conversion ratio were not affected by grain source, except for the average daily feed intake (ADFI), which was decreased by triticale but not wheat (P=0513). Average daily feed intake and egg production were higher in the group fed with whole grain versus the group fed with ground grain (p <0.05). Yolk color decreased by wheat or triticale compared with the control group (p <0.05). Relative weights of the liver, proventriculus, pancreas, gizzard and cecum were not affected by any of the treatments. The pH of the jejunum (P=0.0014), cecum (p <0.05), and intestinal viscosity increased (p <0.001) by feeding whole than ground grain. Dry matter digestibility (p <0.01), decreased by triticale but not wheat (p <0.05). In conclusion, ground triticale inclusion in the diet had a negative effect on ADFI, egg production and nutrient digestibility but feeding whole grain improved the productive performance and dry matter digestibility in laying quails.
این مطالعه به منظور بررسی اثر دانه آسیاب شده یا کامل گندم و تریتیکاله بر عملکرد تولیدی، صفات کیفی تخم مرغ، ویژگی های دستگاه گوارش و قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی در بلدرچین های ژاپنی تخمگذار انجام شد. مجموعاً تعداد 210 قطعه بلدرچین ژاپنی تخمگذار از سن 18 تا 26 هفتگی در این آزمایش استفاده شد. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل 1+ 2 × 2 شامل پنج تیمار طراحی شد: 1) جیره شاهد بر اساس ذرت-کنجاله سویا، 2) دو نوع غله (گندم و ترتیکاله)، 3) دو شکل فیزیکی غله (دانه آسیابشده و کامل). هر تیمار شامل شش تکرار و هر واحد آزمایشی شامل قفس با هفت پرنده بود. درصد تولید، وزن تخم مرغ، توده تخم مرغ و ضریب تبدیل خوراک تحت تأثیر منبع غله قرار نگرفتند به استثنای میانگین خوراک مصرفی روزانه که فقط با تغذیه تریتیکاله کاهش یافت (P=0513). میانگین خوراک مصرفی روزانه و درصد تولید در گروه تغذیه شده با دانه کامل در مقایسه با گروه دریافت کننده دانه آسیاب شده بالاتر بود (p < 0.05). رنگ زرده تخم مرغ در گروه های تغذیه شده با گندم و تریتیکاله در مقایسه با گروه شاهد کاهش یافت (p < 0.05). وزن نسبی کبد، پیش معده، لوزالمعده، سنگدان و روده کور تحت تأثیر گروه های آزمایشی قرار نگرفت. تغذیه دانه کامل نسبت به شکل آسیاب شده باعث افزایش اسیدیته ژژنوم (P=0.0014)، روده کور (p < 0.05) و ویسکوزیته روده باریک (p < 0.001) شد. تغذیه تریتیکاله در مقایسه با گندم باعث کاهش قابلیت هضم ماده خشک (p < 0.01) و انرژی قابل سوخت و ساز ظاهری تصحیح شده براساس نیتروژن (p < 0.05) شد. به طور کلی، استفاده از دانه آسیاب شده تریتیکاله در جیره بر مصرف خوراک، درصد تولید و قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی اثر منفی داشت ولی تغذیه دانه کامل غلات باعث بهبود عملکرد تولیدی و قابلیت هضم ماده خشک در بلدرچین های تخمگذار شد.
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