A Comparison of Apparent Digestibility of Nutrient in Caspian Horse Feeds as Determined by Total Collection of Faeces, Acid Insoluble Ash and Lignin Methods
محورهای موضوعی : Camel
س. اربابی
1
(Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran)
ت. قورچی
2
(Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran)
ر. پرور
3
(Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran)
کلید واژه: digestibility, ADL, AIA, Caspian horse, internal markers,
چکیده مقاله :
The aim of this research is to compare indigestible internal markers acid insoluble ash (AIA) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) and total collection of faeces (TCF) for apparent digestibility estimation in Caspian horse. Analyses were carried out on wheat straw, alfalfa, barley and maize, for dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF). Using change over design including 4 ration diet, 4 period and each period was 12 days with 4 Caspian horse with 3-5 years age and reared in individual cages. The results digestibility of DM, OM, NDF, ADF did not show any significant differences among the ADL, AIA and total collection of faeces methods, but digestibility of CP and EE were significantly higher than the ADL and AIA methods. A weak correlation was found between total collection techniques and AIA, for crude fat (EE) and ADF, whereas there was a high correlation (R2=0.89) between AIA and total collection of faeces for the digestibility of crude protein. The results obtained in this study show that there were no significant difference between internal markers (acid-insoluble ash and acid detergent lignin) and total collection techniques of faeces for estimation apparent digestibility of nutrients in Caspian horses.
هدف از این پژوهش مقایسه مارکرهای داخلی غیر قابل هضم خاکستر نامحلول در اسید (AIA)، لیگنین (ADL) و روش جمعآوری کل مدفوع (TCF) جهت تخمین قابلیت هضم ظاهری مواد مغذی در اسبچه خزر بود. مواد خوراکی مورد استفاده شامل کاه گندم، یونجه، جو و ذرت به منظور تعیین ماده خشک، ماده آلی، پروتئین خام، عصاره اتری، فیبر نامحلول در شوینده خنثی (NDF) و فیبر نامحلول در شوینده اسیدی (ADF) تجزیه شدند. این آزمایش در قالب طرح چرخشی با 4 جیره خوراکی در طی 4 دوره زمانی 12 روزه با 4 اسب 3 تا 5 ساله در قفسهای انفرادی اجرا گردید. نتایج قابلیت هضم ماده خشک، ماده آلی، فیبر نامحلول در شوینده اسیدی و فیبر نامحلول در شوینده خنثی بین سه روش لیگنین نامحلول در شوینده اسیدی، خاکستر نامحلول در اسید و جمعآوری کل مدفوع، تفاوت معنیداری مشاهده نشد، اما قابلیت هضم پروتئین خام و چربی با روشهایADL وAIA به طور معنیداری بالاتر بود. همبستگی ضعیفی بین دو روشTCF و AIA جهت قابلیت هضم ظاهری چربی خام وADF وجود داشت. در حالی که همبستگی بالایی (89/0R2=) بین دو روش AIA و TCF جهت قابلیت هضم پروتئین خام مشاهده شد. نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که تفاوت معنیداری بین مارکرهای داخلی (AIA و ADL) و روش جمعآوری کل مدفوع جهت تخمین قابلیت هضم ظاهری مواد مغذی در اسبچه خزر وجود ندارد.
Araujo K.V., Lima J.A.D.F., Fialho E.T. and Miyagi E.S. (2000a). Comparison among the internal markers and the total collection method in the determination of the forage nutrients digestibilities in equine. Rev. Br. Zootec. 29, 745-751.
Araujo K.V., Lima J.A.D.F., Fialho E.T. and Miyagi E.S. (2000b). Comparison of internal indicators with the total collection method to determine the nutrient digestibility of mixed diets in equine. Cien. Agrotec. 24, 1041-1048.
Bergero D., Préfontaine C., Miraglia N. and Peiretti P.G. (2009). A comparison between the 2N and 4N-HCl acid-insoluble ash methods for digestibility trials in horses. Animal.3, 1728-1732.
Block E., Kilmer L.H. and muller L.D. (1981). Acid insoluble ash as a marker of digestibility for sheep fed corn plants or hay and for lactating dairy cattle fed hay ad libitum. J. Anim. Sci. 52, 1164-1169.
Bowers C.L., Friend T.H., Grissom K.K. and Lay D.C. (1993). Confinement of lambs (Ovisaries) in metabolism stalls increased adrenal function, thyroxine and motivation for movement. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 36, 149-158.
Cuddeford D. and Hughes D. (1990). A comparison between chromium-mordanted hay and acid-insoluble ash to determine apparent digestibility of a chaffed, molassed hay / straw mixture. Equine. Vet. J. 22, 122-125.
Dalton B. (1999). The Caspian Horse. Horseshoe Publications, London, UK.
Dulphy J.P., Martin-Rosset W., Dubroeucq H., Ballet J.M., Detour A. and Jailler M. (1997). Compared feeding patterns in ad libitum intake of dry forages by horses and sheep. Livest. Prod. Sci. 52, 49-56.
Firouz L. (1972). The Caspian Miniature Horse of Iran. Privately Published, Northborough, Massachusetts.
Frape D.L., Tuck M.G., Sutcliffe N.H. and Jones D.B. (1982). The use of inert markers in the measurement of the digestibility of cubed concentrates and of hay given in several proportions to the pony, horse and white rhinoceros (Dicerossimus). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 72, 77-83.
Goachet A.G., Philippeau C., Varloud M. and Julliand V. (2009). Adaptations to standard approaches for measuring total tractapparent digestibility and gastro-intestinal retention time in horses in training. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 152, 141-151.
Hertel J., Altmann H.J. and Drepper K. (1970). Ernährungs physiologische untersuchungen beim pferd. II. Rohnährstof funtersuchungen im magen-darm-trakt von schlachtpferden. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr.26, 169-174.
Hintz H.F. and Loy R.G. (1966). Effects of pelleting on the nutritive value of horse rations. J. Anim. Sci. 25, 1059-1962.
Hintz H.F., Hogue D.E., Walker E.F., Lowe J.E. and Schryver H.F. (1971). Apparent digestion in various segments of the digestive tract of ponies fed diets with varying roughage-grain ratios. J. Anim. Sci. 32, 245-248.
Huhtanen P., Kaustell K. and Jaskkola S. (1994). The use of internal markers to predict total digestibility and duodenal flow of nutrients in cattle given six different diets. Anim. Feed Sci Technol. 48, 211-227.
Kotb A.R. and Luckey T.D. (1972). Markers in nutrition. Nutr. Abstr. Rev. 42, 813-845.
Martin-Rosset W., Andrieu J. and Jestin M. (1996). Prediction of the organic matter digestibility (OMD) of forages in horses from the chemical composition.Pp. 4 in 47th Proc. European Assoc. Anim. Prod. Meet. Lillehammer, Norway.
McDonald P., Edwards R.A., Greenhalgh J.F.D., Morgan C.A., Sinclair L.A. and Wilkison R.G. (2010). Animal Nutrition. London, UK.
Miraglia N., Poncet C. and Martin-Rosset W. (1992). Effect of feeding level, physiological state and breed on the rate of passage of particulate matter through the gastrointestinal tract of the horse. Ann. Zootech. 41, 69-75.
Ordakowski A.L., Kronfeld D.S., Holland J.L., Hargreaves B.J., Gay L.S. and Harris P.A. (2001). Alkanes as internal markers to estimate digestibility of hay or hay plus concentrate diets in horses. J. Anim. Sci.79, 1516-1522.
Pagan J.D. (1998). Nutrient digestibility in horses. Pp. 77-84 in Advancesin Equine Nutrition. J.D. Pagan, Ed.NottinghamUniversity Press, Nottingham, UK.
Parkins J.J., Snow D.H. and Adams S. (1982). The apparent digestibility of ‘complete diet’ cubes given to thoroughbred horses and the use of chromic oxide as an inert faecal marker. Br. Vet. J. 138, 350-355.
Sales J. and Janssens G.P.J. (2003). Acid-insoluble ash as a marker in digestibility studies: a review. J. Anim. Feed Sci. 12, 383-401.
Santos A.S., Abreau J.M. and Dias-da-Silva A. (2005). Apparent digestibility of mixed diets in horses determined by acid-insoluble ash and acid detergent lignin as internal markers. Pferdeheilkunde. 21, 51-52.
SAS Institute. (2002). SAS®/STAT Software, Release 9.1. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC. USA.
Schurg W.A. (1981). Compilation of data evaluating various techniques for determining digestion of equine rations. Pp. 1-2 in Proc. 7th Equine. Nutr. Physiol. Soc. Symp. Warrenton, Virginia, USA.
Sutton E.I., Bowland J.P. and McCarthy J.F. (1977). Studies with horses comparing 4 N-HCl insoluble ash as an index material with total fecal collection in the determination of apparent digestibilities. Canadian J. Anim. Sci. 57, 543-549.
Van Keulen J. and Young B.A. (1977). Evaluation of acid-insoluble ash as a natural marker in ruminant digestibility studies. J. Anim. Sci. 44, 282-287.
Van Soest P.J. (1965). Use of detergents in analyses of fibrous feeds. II. A rapid method for the determination of fiber and lignin. J. Assoc.Offic. Agric. Chem. 46, 829-835.
Varloud M., deFombelle A., Goachet A.G., Drogou C. and Julliand V. (2004). Partial and total apparent digestibility of dietary carbohydrates in horses as affected by the diet. Anim. Sci. 79, 61-72.
