Effects of Photoperiods during the Laying Period on Broiler Breeder Performance
محورهای موضوعی : Camelت. مکرمی 1 , ن. هدایت ایوریق 2 , ب. نویدشاد 3
1 - Department of Animal Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
2 - Department of Animal Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
3 - Department of Animal Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
کلید واژه: Performance, hatchability, egg production parameters, laying broiler breeders, photoperiods,
چکیده مقاله :
The effects of increasing the laying period day-length from 13 to 16 hours were examined in Ross (308) broiler breeders. The birds reared on 8-h photoperiods and then were photo-stimulated at 21 weeks by increasing the photoperiods from 8 h of light, 16 h of darkness (8L:16D) to 11L:13D. Then the birds were given an additional 60 min of light per week cumulatively, such that in different experimental groups the 12L:12D, 13L:11D, 14L:10D, 15L:9D and 16L:8D photoperiods were achieved in 22, 23, 24, 25 and 26 weeks of age, respectively. The photoperiods remained unchanged until the experiment was finished at 50 weeks of age. The 16L:8D group had a poorer feed conversion and less egg production and egg mass than the other 3 groups (P<0.05). The total settable egg percentage was significantly lower for 15L:9D and 16L:8D than for 13L:11D and 14L:10D birds (P<0.05). The 13L:11D and 14L:10D h hens had more double-yolked and broken or abnormal eggs, followed by the 15L:9D h birds, and the 16L h birds (P<0.05). The mean egg weight of 14L:10D birds was significantly more than for 16-L h birds (P<0.05), with 13L:11D and 14L:10D birds were intermediated (P<0.05). The percentage of hatchability was higher in 13L:11D h hens followed by the 15L:9D and the 16L:8D birds (P<0.05), with 14L:10D h hens intermediated between 13L:11D and 15L:9D groups. The findings of this study suggest that 13L:11D was the optimal photoperiods for Ross 308 broiler breeders in the laying period up to 50 weeks of age.
اثر افزایش دوره نوری از 13 ساعت به 16 ساعت در طول روز در مرغ‌های مادر گوشتی راس 308 مورد آزمون قرار گرفت. مرغ و خروسها به مدت 8 ساعت در دوره پرورش نگهداری شدند سپس در سن 21 هفتگی تحریک نوری شده و به یکی از دورههای نوری 13، 14، 15 یا 16 ساعت منتقل شدند و عملکرد آنها بین سنین 26 و 50 هفته مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. ضریب تبدیل غذایی، مجموع وزن تخم مرغ تولیدی و تعداد تخم مرغ تولیدی به ازای هر پرنده در 16 ساعت دوره نوری نسبت به تیمارهای دیگر کمتر بوده ولی بین سه گروه دیگر اختلاف معنیداری مشاهده نشد (05/0P<). همچنین از نظر تخم مرغ قابل جوجهکشی تفاوت معنیداری بین گروههای دریافت‌کننده دوره نوری بلند (15 و 16 ساعت) با گروههای دوره نوری کوتاه (13 و 14 ساعت) وجود دارد (05/0P<). میزان تولید تخم مرغ دوزرده، شکسته و نافرم در تیمارهای با دوره نوری کوتاه کمتر بوده و به دنبال آن گروه نوری 15 ساعت قرار دارد (05/0P<). میانگین وزن تخم مرغ تولیدی گروه 14 ساعت روشنایی به طور معنیداری بیشتر از 16 ساعت روشنایی به دست آمد (05/0P<) و دو گروه دیگر در حد متوسط بودند. درصد جوجهدرآوری حاصل از تخم مرغ‌های قابل جوجهکشی نیز اختلاف جزیی بین تیمارهای مختلف مشاهده شد و بیشترین درصد جوجهدرآوری مربوط به 13 ساعت دوره روشنایی است و گروه مربوط به 14 ساعت روشنایی حد واسط بین 13 و 15 ساعت روشنایی است. این یافتهها نشان میدهد که انتقال مرغ‌های مادر از 8 ساعت روشنایی در روز در دوره پرورش به 13 ساعت روشنایی در دوره تخمگذاری در مرغ مادر راس 308 بهترین عملکرد را از لحاظ تولید تخم مرغ و جوجهدرآوری خواهد داشت.
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