Effect of Processing Protein Supplements with Tannin Extracted from Pistachio by-Products on Performance of Holstein Dairy Cows in Early Lactation
محورهای موضوعی : Camelم. شریفی 1 , ع.ع. ناصرانی 2 , ع.م. طهماسبی 3 , ر. ولی‌زاده 4
1 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
2 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
3 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
4 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
کلید واژه: dairy cows, pistachio by-product, extract tannin, protein supplement,
چکیده مقاله :
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of processing protein meals by tannin extracted from pistachio by-product on apparent total tract digestibility, ruminal fermentation and performance of dairy cows. For tannin extraction, one kilogram of sun-dried pistachio by-products was immersed in four liters of water for 48 h. Then, pistachio by-products were removed from the water and the extract obtained was sprayed on protein supplements (canola meal and soybean meal) with an equal ratio of 1:1 (L/kg) and was dried in the shade. Eight nulliparous Holstein dairy cows with 27 ± 49days in milk(DIM) and milk production of 38 ± 4 kg/d were used in the form of a replicated Latin square (4×4) design. The experiment was performed in four 21-day periods consisting of 14 days for adaptation and 7 days for recording. The experimental treatments were as follows: 1) ration based on soybean meal, 2) ration based on soybean meal processed with the extracted tannin by water-extracted tannin from pistachio by-product, 3) ration based on canola meal and 4) ration based on canola meal processed with water-extracted tannin from pistachio by-product. Spraying extracted tannin on protein supplement increase concentration by 370 and 246% in soybean meal and canola meal, respectively. Intake of dry matter (DM) and total tract apparent digestibility were not affected by treatments. Although daily milk production (kg/d) and milk protein percentage were not affected by treatments, cows fed tannins produced more milk and milk protein. Tannins decreased rumen ammonia concentration only in the canola diets. Soybean treatment had the highest and processed canola treatment with tannin had the lowest rates of ammonia nitrogen in the rumen. Treated protein supplements with tannins decreased ruminal pH, soybean treatments showed the highest and processed canola treatment had the lowest pH rates with tannin. Although blood urea nitrogen was not affected by the treatments, processing the rations with tannin reduced blood urea nitrogen linearly however; other blood metabolites were not affected by treatments. Results of this study show that under our experimental conditions, processing protein supplements with tannin had no negative effect on animals, Further experiments should be done in this regard and on the rations containing higher levels of tannin.
این آزمایش به منظور ارزیابی اثر عملآوری مکملهای پروتئینی با تانن پوسته پسته بر قابلیت هضم، تخمیر شکمبه‌ایی و عملکرد گاوهای شیری طراحی شد. مقدار یک واحد از محصولات فرعی پوسته پسته داخل چهار واحد آب به مدت 48 ساعت خیسانده شد. پس از 48 ساعت محصولات فرعی پوسته پسته از آب خارج گردید و عصاره حاصل به نسبت مساوی 1:1 بر روی مکملهای پروتیئنی (کانولا و سویا) افشانده گردید و در سایه خشک شد. هشت رأس گاو شیری هلشتاین شکم اول با میانگین روزهای شیردهی27 ± 49 و تولید شیر 4 ± 38 کیلوگرم در روز در قالب یک طرح مربع لاتین 4 × 4 تکرار شده استفاده شد. طول دوره آزمایش شامل چهار دوره 21 روزه شامل 14 روز عادت پذیری و هفت روز جمع‌آوری نمونه در هر دوره بود. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل 1) جیره بر پایه کنجاله سویا 2) جیره بر پایه کنجاله سویا عملآوری شده با تانن 3) جیره بر پایه کنجاله کانولا 4) جیره بر پایه کنجاله کانولا عملآوری شده با تانن بودند. افشاندن تانن بر روی منبع پروتئینی سویا سبب افزایش میزان تانن آن به میزان 370 و 246 درصد به ترتیب در کنجاله سویا و کانولا گردید. تیمارهای آزمایشی تأثیری بر میانگین مصرف ماده خشک، قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی در کل لوله گوارشی نداشتند. عملآوری منابع پروتئینی با تانن اگر چه تأثیرمعنی داری بر تولید و ترکیب شیر نداشت اما گاوهای تغذیه شده با تانن‌ها شیر و پروتئین بیشتری تولید کردند. تانن‌ها نیتروژن آمونیاکی را تنها در تیمار کانولا کاهش دادند، تیمار سویا دارای بیشترین و تیمار کانولا عملآوری شده با تانن دارای کمترین میزان ازت آمونیاکی بود. عملآوری مکملهای پروتئینی با تانن باعت کاهش pH شکمبه گردید، تیمار سویا دارای بیشترین و تیمار کانولا عملآوری شده با تانن دارای کمترین میزان pH بود. اگرچه نیتروژن اوره خون تحت تأثیر تیمارها قرار نگرفت، عملآوری جیره‌ها با تانن سبب کاهش خطی آن گردید. سایر متابولیت‌های خونی تحت تأثیر تیمارها قرار نگرفتند. نتایج حاصل از این آزمایش نشان داد که تحت شرایط آزمایش حاضر، عملآوری مکملهای پروتئینی با تانن هیچ گونه اثر منفی بر حیوانات ندارد، آزمایش‌های بیشتر باید در این راستا و در جیره‌های حاوی سطوح بالاتری از تانن انجام گردد.
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