Milk Yield and Blood Metabolite Profile in Late Pregnancy in Lori Ewes Receiving Diets Containing Undegradable Protein Sources

محورهای موضوعی : Camel

ر. کوشکی ¹ , ح. منصوری یاراحمدی ² , م. خالداری ³ , ج. فخرائی ⁴ , ک. کرکودی ⁵

1 - Department of Animal Science, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran
2 - Department of Animal Science, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran
3 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
4 - Department of Animal Science, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran
5 - Department of Animal Science, Islamic Azad University, Saveh Branch, Saveh, Iran

تاریخ دریافت : 1398/03/04 تاریخ پذیرش : 1398/06/09 تاریخ انتشار : 1398/09/10

کلید واژه: reproductive performance, fish meal, late pregnancy, Lori ewes, colostrum, extruded soybean,

چکیده مقاله :

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementing Lori ewes with rumen-undegradable protein (RUP) in late pregnancy on their performance and that of their lambs. Milk yield and blood metabolite profile were measured. Forty pregnant ewes were used in a completely randomized design trial with four treatments: 1) a basal diet (control); 2) with a supplement of 5% fishmeal; 3) with a supplement of 5% extruded soybean and 4) with a supplement combining both sources. Supplementation started 30-days before the estimated parturition date. Dietary inclusion of fish meal significantly improved body weight at lambing compared to the other groups (P<0.05). Lambs of ewes fed diets supplemented with rumen undegradable protein (RUP) were heavier at birth and weaning compared to other groups (P<0.05). Soybeans, of the combined supplement improved the colostrum concentration of IgG in postpartum ewes (P<0.05). Diets containing extruded soybeans resulted in milk with higher milk urea nitrogen content than the control diet (P<0.05). Serum concentration of glucose was significantly decreased in ewes fed diets containing RUP pre-partum (P<0.05), while post-partum glucose concentration was only decreased in ewes fed diets containing fish meal without or with extruded soybeans (P<0.05). Plasma concentration of beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) were significantly decreased in the treated groups compared to the control group in post-partum ewes (P<0.05).

چکیده انگلیسی:

مطالعه حاضر جهت بررسی تأثیرات مکمل­سازی جیره میش لری با پروتئین تجزیه­ناپذیر، در طی اواخر آبستنی بر عملکرد میش و بره­های آنها، تولید شیر و پروفایل متابولیت­های خونی طراحی گردید. 40 رأس میش آبستن بر اساس طرح کاملاً تصادفی در قالب 1) جیره پایه (کنترل)، 2) 5 درصد کنجاله ماهی، 3) 5 درصد سویای اکسترود شده و 4) فرم ترکیبی، در طی 30 روز تخمین زده شده قبل از زایمان گنجانیده شدند. افزودن روزانه کنجاله ماهی در جیره باعث بهبود معنی­دار وزن بدن در زمان بره­زایی نسبت به سایر گروه­ها شد (05/0>P). همچنین، بره­های میش­هایی که با منابع پروتئین تجزیه­ناپذیر تغذیه شده بودند در زمان تولد و از شیرگیری نسبت به سایر گروه­ها میانگین وزنی بیشتری ملاحظه گردید (05/0>P). در مقایسه با میش­های گروه کنترل و میش­هایی که به صورت مجزا کنجاله ماهی (05/0>P) و سویای اکسترود شده دریافت کردند، استفاده از فرم ترکیبی پروتئین تجزیه­ناپذیر باعث بهبود غلظت ایمونوگلوبولین نوع G آغوز در دوره پس از زایمان گردید. تغذیه میش­ها با جیره شامل سویای اکسترود شده باعث تولید شیر با غلظت بالاتر اوره نسبت به گروه کنترل گردید (05/0>P). غلظت سرمی گلوکز در میش­هایی که در دوره قبل از زایمان از منبع پروتئین تجزیه‌ناپذیر استفاده کرده بودند به صورت معنی‌دار کاهش یافت (05/0>P)، در حالیکه در دوره پس از زایمان غلظت سرمی گلوکز تنها زمانی که میش جیره­های شامل کنجاله ماهی با یا بدون سویای اکسترود شده دریافت کردند کاهش مشاهده شد (05/0>P). غلظت پلاسمایی بتاهیدروکسی­بوتیرات و اسید چرپ غیراستریفیه در دوره پس از زایمان به صورت معنی­دار در گروه­های تحت تیمار در مقایسه با گروه کنترل کاهش یافت (05/0>P).

منابع و مأخذ:

Abd-Allah M. (2013). Effects of parity and nutrition plane during late pregnancy on metabolic responses, colostrum production and lamb output of Rahmani ewes. Egyption J. Anim. Prod. 50(3), 132-142.

Akhtar M., Ali M., Hayat Z., Yaqoob M. and Sarwar M. (2016). Effect of varying levels of dietary ruminal undegradable protein on feed consumption and growth performance of growing Kajli lambs. Int. J. Agric. Biol. 18(5), 969-974.

Annett R.W., Carson A.F. and Dawson L.E.R. (2008). Effects of digestible undegradable protein (DUP) supply and fish oil supplementation of ewes during late pregnancy on colostrum production and lamb output. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 146, 270-288.

Boucher Z. (2014). Breed and diet effects on ewe colostrum quality, lamb birthweight and the transfer of passive immunity. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements. MS Thesis. Charles Sturt Univ., Wagga, Australia.

Broderick G.A. and Clayton M.K. (1997). A statistical evaluation of animal and nutritional factors influencing concentrations of milk urea nitrogen. J. Dairy Sci. 80, 2964-2971.

Burfening P.J. and Kott R.W. (1993). Supplemental feeding of range ewes during the prenatal period and lamb mortality and growth rate. Sheep and Goat. Res. J. 9(1), 24-27.

Cannas A., Pes A., Mancuso R., Vodret B. and Nudda A. (1998). Effect of dietary energy and protein concentration on the concentration of milk urea nitrogen in dairy ewes. J. Dairy Sci. 81, 499-508.

Daniels J.T., Burgess D.E., Hatield P.G. and Kott R.W. (2000). Using ELISA to determine sheep serum immunoglobulin G. Sheep and Goat. Res. J. 16, 10-21.

Encinias H.B., Encinias A.M., Faller T.C., Bauer M. and Lardy G.P. (2004). Effects ofprepartum high linoleic safflower seed supplementation for gestating ewes on cold tolerance and survivability of lamb. J. Anim. Sci. 82, 3654-3661.

Everts H. (1990). Feeding strategy during pregnancy for ewes with a large litter size.2. Effect on blood parameters and energy status. Netherlands J. Agric. Sci. 38(3), 541-554.

Foley J.A. and Otterby D.E. (1978). Availability, storage, treatment, composition, and feeding value of surplus colostrum: A review. J. Dairy Sci. 61, 1033-1060.

Grummer R.R., Hoffman P.C., Luck M.L. and Bertics S.J. (1995). Effect of prepartum and postpartum dietary energy on growth and lactation of primiparous cows. J. Dairy Sci. 78, 172-180.

Hashemi M., Zamiri M.J. and Safdarian M. (2008). Effects of nutritional level during late pregnancy on colostral production and blood immunoglobulin levels of Karakul ewes and their lambs. Small Rumin. Res. 75, 204-209.

Hatfield P.G., Snowder G.D., Head Jr W.A., Glimp H.A., Stobart R.H. and Besser T. (1995). Production by ewes rearing single or twin lambs: Effects of dietary crude protein percentage and supplemental zinc methionine. J. Anim. Sci. 73, 1227-1238.

Hoaglund C.M., Thomas V.M., Petersen M.K. and Kott R.W. (1992). Effects of supplemental protein source and metabolizable energy intake on nutritional status in pregnant ewes. J. Anim. Sci. 70(1), 273-280.

Kaneko J.J., (1989). Serum proteins and the disproteinemia. Pp. 142-165 in Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals. J.J. Kaneko, Ed. Academic Press, San Diego, California.

Laarman A.H., Sugino T. and Oba M. (2012). Effects of starch content of calf starter on growth and rumen pH in Holstein calves during the weaning transition. J. Dairy Sci. 95, 4478-4487.

Lane M.A., Baldwin R.L., Jesse V.I. and Jesse B.W. (2000). Sheep rumen metabolic development in response to different dietary treatments. J. Anim. Sci. 78, 1990-1996.

Littell R., Henry P. and Ammerman C. (1998). Statistical analysis of repeated measures data using SAS procedure. J. Anim. Sci. 76, 1216-1231.

McDonald P., Edwards R.A., Greenhalgh J.F.D. and Morgan C.A. (2002). Animal Nutrition. Pearson Education Limited, London, New York.

Mech A., Dhali A., Baruah K.K., Singh R.K., Mondal S.K. and Rajkhowa C. (2011). Effect of method and time of first colostrum feeding on serum immunoglobulin concentration, health status and body weight gain in mithun (Bosfrontalis) calves. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nut. 95, 756-761.

Mellor D.J. and Murray L. (1985). Effects of maternal nutrition on udder development during the pregnancy and on colostrum production in Scottish Blackface ewes with twin lambs. Res. Vet. Sci. 39, 230-234.

NRC. (2007). Nutrient Requirements of Sheep. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA.

Ocak N., Cam M.A. and Kuran M. (2005). The effect of high dietary protein levels during late gestation on colostrum yield and lamb survival rate in singleton-bearing ewes. Small Rumin. Res. 56, 89-94.

O’Doherty J.V., Nowakowski P. and Crosby T.F. (1998). The effects of feeding grass silage and molasses sugar beet pulp separately or as an ensiled mixture to twin bearing ewes. J. Agric. Sci. 130, 217-227.

Olivier W.J. (2014). Calculation of reproduction parameters. Info pack ref. AP 2014/032 Grootfontein Agricultural Development Institute, Grootfontein, Namibia.

Ospina P.A., Nydam D.V., Skokol T. and Overton T.R. (2010). Association between the proportions of sampled transition cows with increased nonesterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate and disease incidence, pregnancy, and milk production at the herd level. J. Dairy Sci. 93, 3595-3601.

Paengkoum P., Liang J.B., Jelan Z.A. and Basery M. (2004). Effects of ruminally undegradable protein levels on nitrogen and phosphorus balance and their excretion in saanen goats fed oil palm fronds. Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol. 26, 15-22.

Pattanaik A.K., Sastry V.R.B., Katiyar R.C. and Lal M. (2003). Influence of grain processing and dietary protein degradability on N metabolism, energy balance and methane production in young calves. Asian-Australasian J. Anim. Sci. 16, 1443-1450.

Ramsey W.S., McFadin E.L., Ross T.T. and Petersen M.K. (2000). Productivity of Western White Face ewes consuming ruminally degradable and undegradable protein during flashing and late gestation. Sheep and Goat. Res. J. 16(3), 102-110.

Rodney R.M., Celi P., Scott W., Breinhild K. and Lean I.J. (2015). Effects of dietary fat on fertility of dairy cattle: A meta-analysis and meta-regression. J. Dairy Sci. 98, 5601-5620.

Russel A.J.F. (1984). Means of assessing the adequacy of nutrition of pregnant ewes. Livest. Sci. 11(4), 429-436.

SAS Institute. (2003). SAS^®/STAT Software, Release 9.1. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC. USA.

Sigurdsson H. (1988). The effect of flock, number of fetuses and age on some biochemical blood constituents in ewes in late pregnancy under field conditions. Transbound. Emerg. Dis. 35(6), 417-423.

Sporleder H.P. (1998). Insulin stimulated glucose metabolism in sheep in different states of reproduction the role of potassium and calcium. MS Thesis. University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Hanover, Germany.

Terré M., Pedrals E., Dalmau A. and Bach A. (2013). What do preweaned and weaned calves need in the diet: A high fiber content or a forage source? J. Dairy. Sci. 96, 5217-5225.

Thompson K.A., Lamberski N., Kass P.H., Coons D. and Chigerwe M. (2013). Evaluation of a commercial bovine colostrum replacer for achieving passive transfer of immunity in springbok calves. J. Zoo. Wildlife Med. 44, 541-548.