Fear Response in Roosters Orally Exposed to Alcohol: An Alternative Animal Model
محورهای موضوعی : Camel
F. Pazhoohi
1
(Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran)
S. Shojaee
2
(Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran)
M.M. Ommati
3
(Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran)
F. Saemi
4
(Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran)
A. Akhlaghi
5
(Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran)
کلید واژه: bird, ethanol, fear response, tonic immobility,
چکیده مقاله :
Effect of ethanol consumption on fear response in human and conventional animal models (rodents) is controversial. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of ethanol administration on fearfulness in poultry as an alternative animal model.Being a reliable measure in avian species, tonic immobility was used to evaluate the fear response in 60 roosters orally administered with ethanol. Duration of tonic immobility was higher in alcohol-exposed birds compared to the control birds (P<0.05), suggesting that dosing the roosters with ethanol was associated with an increased fear response which makes poultry as a plausible alternative model in behavioral studies.
آثار مصرف اتانول بر پاسخ ترس در انسان و مدل‌های حیوانی متداول (همچون جوندگان) بحث برانگیز است. هدف از این پژوهش بررسی اثر دوز مصرفی اتانول بر پاسخ ترس ماکیان به عنوان مدل حیوانی جایگزین بود. برای پاسخ ترس در ماکیان، مدل بی‌تحرکی تونیک در 60 خروس تیمار شده با اتانول استفاده شد. مدت زمان بی‌تحرکی تونیک در پرنده‌های تیمار شده با الکل در مقایسه با گروه شاهد به طور معنی‌دار بیشتر بود (05/0>P)، که مشخص می‌کند که مقدار دوز خورانده شده اتانول به خروس‌ها با پاسخ ترس همبستگی مثبتی داشت که این موضوع ماکیان را به عنوان مدل مناسب جایگزین برای مطالعات رفتاری معرفی می‌کند.
Blanchard R.J., Blanchard D.C., Flannelly K.J. and Hori K. (1988). Ethanol effects on freezing and conspecific attack in rats previously exposed to a cat. Behav. Proc. 16, 193-201.
Curtin J.J., Lang A.R., Patrick C.J. and Stritzke W.G.K. (1998). Alcohol and fear-potentiated startle: the role of competing cognitive demands in the stress-reducing effects of intoxication. J. Abnorm. Psych. 107, 547-557.
Deturck K.H. and Pohorecky L.A. (1987). Ethanol sensitivity in rats: Effect of prenatal stress. Physiol. Behav. 40, 407-410.
Fadda F. and Rossetti Z.L. (1998). Chronic ethanol consumption: From neuroadaptation to neurodegeneration. Prog. Neurobiol. 56, 385-431.
Gallup G.G. (1979). Tonic immobility as a measure of fear in domestic fowl. Anim. Behav. 27, 316-317.
Hull J.G. and Bond C.F. (1986). Social and behavioral consequences of alcohol consumption and expectancy: a meta-analysis. Psychol. Bull. 99, 347-360.
Jones R.B. (1996). Fear and adaptability in poultry: insights, implications and imperatives. World. Poult. Sci. J. 52, 131-174.
Jones R.B. and Faure J.M. (1981). Sex and strain comparisons of tonic immobility (“righting time”) in the domestic fowl and the effects of various methods of induction. Behav. Proc. 6, 47-55.
Miczek K.A. and Barry H. (1977). Effects of alcohol on attack and defensive-submissive reactions in rats. Psychopharmacology. 52, 231-237.
Moberg C.A., Weber S.M. and Curtin J.J. (2011). Alcohol dose effects on stress response to cued threat vary by threat intensity. Psychopharmacology. 218, 217-227.
Morean M.E. and Corbin W.R. (2010). Subjective response to alcohol: a critical review of the literature. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 34, 385-395.
Pickworth W.B., Fant R.V. and Henningfield J.E. (1997). Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis and effects of ethanol and pentobarbital in humans. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 283, 274-280.
Pohorecky L.A., Cagan M., Brick J. and Jaffe L.S. (1976). The startle response in rats: effect of ethanol. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 4, 311-316.
Sahn S.A., Lakshminarayan S., Pierson D.J. and Weil J.V. (1975). Effect of ethanol on the ventilatory responses to oxygen and carbon dioxide in man. Clin. Sci. Mol. Med. 49, 33-38.
SAS Institute. (2002). SAS®/STAT Software, Release 9.0 SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC.
Sayette M.A. (1993). An appraisal disruption model of alcohol's effects on stress responses in social drinkers. Psychol. Bull. 114, 459-476.
Stritzke W.G.K., Patrick C.J. and Lang A.R. (1995). Alcohol and human emotion: a multidimensional analysis incorporating startle-probe methodology. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 104, 114-122.
