Egg Iron Enrichment in Response to Various Levels of Pomegranate by-Product in Laying Hen Diet
محورهای موضوعی : Camelع.ا. ساکی 1 , ت. شمس‌الله 2 , ع. عاشوری 3
1 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
2 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
3 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
کلید واژه: performance, laying hen, egg, iron enrichment, pomegranate by-product,
چکیده مقاله :
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of pomegranate by- product (PBP) on performance, egg quality and blood parameters in laying hens. A total of 144 Bobze layer hens from 44 to 56 weeks during 12 weeks were randomly assigned into 4 treatments including 0 (control, corn and soy bean meal), 4, 8 and 12% of PBP, with 4 replicates and 9 layers in each. Results have indicated thatthere was a significant increase in egg mass, egg production the decrease in feed intake and feed conversion ratio by 4% PBP in comparison to other treatments (P<0.05). Significantly increased egg weight by inclusion of 8% PBP compared with 0 and 12% PBP. There was no significant effect of PBP levels on external and internal egg characteristics. The lowest cholesterol and the higher high-density lipoprotein and malondialdehyde have shown by 4% PBP (P<0.05). The highest amount of iron in egg yolk was observed respectively by treatments 4 and 12% PBP. It was concluded that egg yolk iron and production rate were increased by 4% PBP supplementation in diet.
مطالعه حاضر به منظور بررسی اثرات سطوح مختلف تفاله انار بر عملکرد، کیفیت تخم مرغ و پارامترهای خونی در مرغ تخمگذار انجام شد. در مجموع 144 قطعه مرغ تخمگذار سویه تجاری بونز از سن 44 تا 56 هفتگی در طی 12 هفته به صورت تصادفی در 4 تیمار شامل: سطح 0 (جیره پایه بر اساس ذرت و سویا)، 4، 8 و 12 درصد تفاله انار با 4 تکرار و 9 پرنده در هر تکرار تنظیم گردید. نتایج نشان داد که توده تخم مرغ و تولید تخم مرغ توسط تیمار 2 ( 4 درصد تفاله انار) در مقایسه با سایر تیمارها افزایش و مصرف خوراک و ضریب تبدیل غذایی کاهش یافت (05/0>P). با افزودن 8 درصد تفاله انار به جیره در مقایسه با تیمارهای 1 و 4 (به ترتیب شاهد و سطح 12 درصد تفاله انار) وزن تخم مرغ افزایش معنیداری را نشان داد. سطوح مختلف تفاله انار تأثیر معنیداری بر خصوصیات داخلی و خارجی تخم مرغ نداشت (05/0<P). کمترین میزان کلسترول و بیشترین لیپو پروتئین با چگالی بالا (HDL) و مالون دی آلدئید (MDA) در تیمار 2 (4 درصد تفاله انار) مشاهده گردید (05/0>P). بالاترین درصد آهن زرده تخم مرغ به ترتیب در تیمارهای حاوی 4 و 12 درصد تفاله انار مشاهده گردید. به طور کلی، میتوان نتیجه‌گیری کرد که سطح 4 درصد تفاله انار در جیره آهن زده تخم مرغ و درصد تولید را افزایش میدهد.
Abbas R.J., Al-Salhie K.C.K. and Al-Hummod S.K. (2017). The effect of using different levels of pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel powder on productive and physiological performance of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica). Livest. Res. Rural Dev. Available at: http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd29/12/rj.a29231.html.
Abbasi H., Rezaei K. and Rashidi L. (2008). Extraction of essential oils from the seeds of pomegranate using organic solvents and supercritical CO2. J. Am. Oil. Chem. Soc. 85, 83-89.
Afaq F., Saleem M., Krueger C.G., Reed J.D. and Mukhtar H., (2005). Anthocyanin and hydrolyzable tannin rich pomegranate fruit extract modulates MAPK and NF κB pathways and inhibits skin tumorigenesis in CD 1 mice. Int. J. Cancer. 113, 423-433.
Afshar M. (2011). Evaluating potential nutritive value of pomegranate processing byproducts for ruminants using in vitro gas production pechnique. J. Agric. Biol. Sci. 6, 45-51.
Al-Massad M., Al-Shdefat R. and Khashroum A. (2011). The effect of microbial phytase and dietary calcium level on the performance and eggshell quality in laying hens fed marginal phosphorus diets. Asian-Australasian J. Anim. Sci. 5, 118-126.
Ambikadevi V. and Lalithambika M. (2000). Effect of organic acids on ferric iron removal from iron-stained kaolinite. Appl. Clay Sci. 16, 133-145.
AOAC. (1990). Official Methods of Analysis. Vol. I. 15th Ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA, USA.
AOAC. (2000). Official Methods of Analysis. Vol. I. 17th Ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA, USA.
Batonon-Alavo D., Faruk M.U., Lescoat P., Weber G.M. and Bastianelli D. (2015). Inclusion of sorghum, millet and cottonseed meal in broiler diets: a meta-analysis of effects on performance. Animal. 9, 1120-1130.
Bess F., Vieira S., Favero A., Cruz R. and Nascimento P. (2012). Dietary iron effects on broiler breeder performance and egg iron contents. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 178, 67-73.
Bostami A.B.M.R., Ahmed S.T., Islam M.M., Mun H.S., Ko S.S., Kim S. and Yang C.J. (2015). Growth performance, fecal noxious gas emission and economic efficacy in broilers fed fermented pomegranate byproducts as residue of fruit industry. Int. J. Adv. Res. 3(3), 102-114.
Caston L. and Leeson S. (1990). Dietary flax and egg composition. Poult. Sci. 69, 1617-1620.
Cediel G., Olivares M., Gaitán D., Flores S., Brito A. and Pizarro F. (2012). Effect of trypsin and mucin on heme iron bioavailability in humans. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 150, 37-41.
Eikani M.H., Golmohammad F. and Homami S.S. (2012). Extraction of pomegranate (Punica granatum) seed oil using superheated hexane. Food. Bioprod. Process. 90, 32-36.
El-Bagir N.M., Hama A.Y., Hamed R.M., El Rahim A.A. and Beynen A.C. (2006). Lipid composition of egg yolk and serum in laying hens fed diets containing black cumin (Nigella sativa). Int. J. Poult. Sci. 5, 574-578.
Esmaillzadeh A., Tahbaz F. and Gaini I. (2004). Concentrated pomegranate juice improves lipid profiles in diabetic patients with hyperlipidemia. J. Med. Food. 7, 305-308.
Ezzati M., Rodgers A., Lopez A.D., Vander Hoorn S. and Murray C.J. (2004). Comparative Quantification of Health Risks: Global and Regional Burden of Diseases Attributable to Selected Major Risk Factors. World Health Organization Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Folch J., Lees M. and Sloane Stanley G.H. (1957). A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues. J. Biol. Chem. 226(1), 497-509.
Hamady G.A., Abdel-Moneim M.A., El-Chaghaby G.A., Abd-El-Ghany Z.M. and Hassanin M.S. (2015). Effect of Pomegranate peel extract as natural growth promoter on the productive performance and intestinal microbiota of broiler chickens. African J. Agric. Sci. Technol. 3(12), 514-519.
Harms R. and Russell G. (2001). Evaluation of valine requirement of the commercial layer using a corn-soybean meal basal diet. Poult. Scie. 80, 215-218.
Hassan N.A., El-Halwagi A.A. and Sayed H.A. (2012). Phytochemicals, antioxidant and chemical properties of 32 pomegranate accessions growing in Egypt. World Appl. Sci. J. 16(8), 1065-1073.
Hong Y., Li C., Burgess J., Chang M., Salem A., Srikumar K. and Reddy C.C. (1989). The role of selenium-dependent and selenium-independent glutathione peroxidases in the formation of prostaglandin F2 alpha. J. Biochem. Chem. 264, 13793-13800.
Hossin F.L.A. (2009). Effect of pomegranate (Punica granatum) peels and it’s extract on obese hypercholesterolemic rats. Pakistan J. Nutr. 8, 1251-1257.
Jiménez-Moreno E., González-Alvarado J., González-Serrano A., Lázaro R. and Mateos G. (2009). Effect of dietary fiber and fat on performance and digestive traits of broilers from one to twenty-one days of age. Poult. Sci. 88, 2562-2574.
Kiliç Z., Acar O., Ulaşan M. and Ilim M. (2002). Determination of lead, copper, zinc, magnesium, calcium and iron in fresh eggs by atomic absorption spectrometry. Food Chem. 76(1), 107-116.
Kostogrys R.B., Filipiak-Florkiewicz A., Dereń K., Drahun A., Czyżyńska-Cichoń I., Cieślik E. and Franczyk-Żarów M. (2017). Effect of dietary pomegranate seed oil on laying hen performance and physicochemical properties of eggs. Food Chem. 221, 1096-1103.
Li J., Zhang X., Yuan C., Miao L., Yan H., Dong X., Lu J. and Zou X. (2016). Effects of dietary L-threonine levels on antioxidant capacity, digestive enzyme activities, and antibody production of Xinyang green-shell laying hens. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 25, 422-427.
Mahmood S., Ali H., Ahmad F. and Iqbal Z. (2014). Estimation of tannins in different sorghum varieties and their effects on nutrient digestibility and absorption of some minerals in caged white leghorn layers. Int. J. Agric. Biol. 16(1), 217-221.
Mateos G., Jiménez-Moreno E., Serrano M. and Lázaro R. (2012). Poultry response to high levels of dietary fiber sources varying in physical and chemical characteristics. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 21, 156-174.
Miller N.J., Rice-Evans C., Davies M.J., Gopinathan V. and Milner A. (1993). A novel method for measuring antioxidant capacity and its application to monitoring the antioxidant status in premature neonates. Clin. Sci. 84, 407-412.
Nasr C.B., Ayed N. and Metche M. (1996). Quantitative determination of the polyphenolic content of pomegranate peel. European Food Res. Technol. 203, 374-378.
Negi P., Jayaprakasha G. and Jena B. (2003). Antioxidant and antimutagenic activities of pomegranate peel extracts. Food Chem. 80, 393-397.
North M.O. and Bell D.D. (1990). Commercial Chicken Production Manual. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
Oliveira R., Narciso C., Bisinotto R., Perdomo M., Ballou M., Dreher M. and Santos J. (2010). Effects of feeding polyphenols from pomegranate extract on health, growth, nutrient digestion, and immunocompetence of calves. J. Dairy Sci. 93, 4280-4291.
Paik I., Lee H. and Park S. (2009). Effects of organic iron supplementation on the performance and iron content in the egg yolk of laying hens. J. Poult Sci. 46, 198-202.
Park S., Namkung H., Ahn H. and Paik I. (2004). Production of iron enriched eggs of laying hens. Asian-Australasian J. Anim. Sci. 17, 1725-1728.
Pizarro F., Olivares M., Valenzuela C., Brito A., Weinborn V., Flores S. and Arredondo M. (2016). The effect of proteins from animal source foods on heme iron bioavailability in humans. Food Chem. 196, 733-738.
Rajabian T., Fallah H.H. and Karami M. (2001). Effects of pomegranate juice and seed oil on blood lipid levels and atherosclerosis in rabbits hypercho lestrolemic. J. Med. Plant. 25, 93-104
Rajani J., Torshizi M.K. and Rahimi S. (2011). Control of ascites mortality and improved performance and meat shelf-life in broilers using feed adjuncts with presumed antioxidant activity. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 170, 239-245.
Ramadan N.A., Omar A.S., Bahakaim A. and Osman S.M. (2010). Effect of using different levels of iron with zinc and copper in layer’s diet on egg iron enrichment. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 9, 842-850.
Ramírez C.M., Rotllan N., Vlassov A.V., Dávalos A., Li M., Goedeke L., Aranda J.F., Cirera-Salinas D., Araldi E. and Salerno A. (2013). Control of cholesterol metabolism and plasma HDL levels by miRNA-144. Circ. Res. 112, 1592-1601.
Rodgers A., Ezzati M., Vander Hoorn S., Lopez A.D., Lin R.B. and Murray C.J. (2004). Distribution of major health risks: Findings from the global burden of disease study. PLoS Med. 1(1), e27.
Rosenblat M., Volkova N., Coleman R. and Aviram M. (2006). Pomegranate byproduct administration to apolipoprotein e-deficient mice attenuates atherosclerosis development as a result of decreased macrophage oxidative stress and reduced cellular uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein. J. Agric. Food Chem. 54, 1928-1935.
Saeed M., Naveed M., Bibi J., Kamboh A.A., Arain M.A., Shah Q.A. and Tiwari R. (2018). The promising pharmacological effects and therapeutic/medicinal applications of Punica granatum (pomegranate) as a functional food in humans and animals. Recent patents on inflammation and allergy drug discovery. Recent Pat. Inflamm. Allergy Drug. Discov. 12(1), 24-38.
Saki A., Rabet M., Zamani P. and Yousefi A. (2014). The effects of different levels of pomegranate seed pulp with multi-enzyme on performance, egg quality and serum antioxidant in laying hens. Iranian J. Appl. Anim. Sci. 4, 803-808.
SAS Institute. (2008). SAS®/STAT Software, Release 9.1. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC. USA.
Schofield P., Mbugua D. and Pell A. (2001). Analysis of condensed tannins: A review. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 91, 21-40.
Seo Y., Shin K., Rhee A., Chi Y., Han J. and Paik I. (2010). Effects of dietary Fe-soy proteinate and MgO on egg production and quality of eggshell in laying hens. Asian-Australasian J. Anim. Sci. 23, 1043-1048.
Shabtay A., Eitam H., Tadmor Y., Orlov A., Meir A., Weinberg P., Weinberg Z.G., Chen Y., Brosh A. and Izhaki I. (2008). Nutritive and antioxidative potential of fresh and stored pomegranate industrial byproduct as a novel beef cattle feed. J. Agric. Food. Chem. 56, 10063-10070.
Singh R., Chidambara Murthy K. and Jayaprakasha G. (2002). Studies on the antioxidant activity of pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel and seed extracts using in vitro models. J. Agric. Food Chem. 50, 81-86.
Sunder J., Jeyakumar S., Sujatha T. and Kundu A. (2013). Effect of feeding of morical: A herbal based supplement on production and egg quality in Japanese quail. Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci. 1, 157-160.
Taher-Maddah M., Maheri-Sis N., Salamatdoustnobar R. and Ahmadzadeh A. (2012). Estimating fermentation characteristics and nutritive value of ensiled and dried pomegranate seeds for ruminants using in vitro gas production technique. Open Vet. J. 2, 40-45.
Tang S.G.H., Sieo C.C., Kalavathy R., Saad W.Z., Yong S.T., Wong H.K. and Ho Y.W. (2015). Chemical compositions of egg yolks and egg quality of laying hens fed prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic diets. J. Food Sci. 80(8), 1686-1695.
Varmaghany S., Rahimi S., Torshizi M.K., Lotfollahian H. and Hassanzadeh M. (2013). Effect of olive leaves on ascites incidence, hematological parameters and growth performance in broilers reared under standard and cold temperature conditions. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 185, 60-69.
Viuda Martos M., Fernández López J. and Pérez Álvarez J. (2010). Pomegranate and its many functional components as related to human health: A review. Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf. 9, 635-654.
Yamasaki M., Kitagawa T., Koyanagi N., Chujo H., Maeda H., Kohno-Murase J., Imamura J., Tachibana H. and Yamada K. (2006). Dietary effect of pomegranate seed oil on immune function and lipid metabolism in mice. Nutrition. 22, 54-59.
Yassein D.M., Abdallah E., Ismail I.I., Faddle A. (2015). Effect of dietary supplementation of pomegranate peel powder and butylated hydroxy toluene on some productive, physiological and immunological parameters of japanese quail. Egypt J. Anim. Prod. 52, 105-113.
Zahin M., Aqil F. and Ahmad I. (2010). Broad spectrum antimutagenic activity of antioxidant active fraction of Punica granatum peel extracts. Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. 703, 99-107.
