The Effect of a Dietary Innovative Multi-Material on Sex Hormones and Molting Period of Canaries and Laying-Hens
محورهای موضوعی : Camel
ج. سالاری
1
(Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran)
ح.ر. همتی متین
2
(Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran)
ح. حاجاتی
3
(Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran)
کلید واژه: layer hens, canary, herbal additive, molting,
چکیده مقاله :
Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of offering a multi-material innovative (MMI) feed including: Vitex agnus-castus, Thymus vulgaris, Lavandula angustifolia, Marigold (Calendula officinalis) on curtails molting and sex hormone concentrations in canaries and laying hens. In the first study, a total of 120 female molted canaries were allotted in to 12 cages of 10 birds with 4 replicates for 135 d. Treatments were control (drinking water without MMI) and 1.25 g or 2.25 g MMI dissolved in 1 L of drinking water. In the second study, a total of 72 molted laying hens were allotted to 24 cages of 3 birds with 8 replicates fed with similar treatments of the first study for 21 d. Results showed that at 45, 90, and 135 d, a linear and quadratic decrease (L and Q: P≤0.006) in plasma prolactin and a linear increase (L: P≤0.037) in plasma progestron and estrogen concentrations of canaries as MMI levels increased. On d 21, the plasma concentrations of prolactin (L and Q: P=0.001), progesterone (L: P=0.042), and estrogen (Q: P=0.036) increased in laying hens along with the increasing of MMI levels. Also, the feather rejuvenation of canaries and laying hens was decreased (L and Q: P≤0.018) with increasing MMI levels. The egg production increased in the first (L: P=0.045), second, and third (L and Q: P≤0.005) weeks with no pronounced trends in feed intake and drinking water of laying hens during the experiment. The use of MMI in the drinking water of canaries increased sex hormones production and shortened molting duration. Also, the innovative dietary additive has stimulating effects on egg production of laying hens without impressed feed or water consumption.
برای تعیین تأثیر یک مخلوط خوراکی جدید شامل گیاه پنج انگشت، آویشن، اسطوخودوس، گل همیشه بهار بر کوتاه کردن دوره پرریزی و غلظت هورمونهای جنسی قناریها و مرغهای تخمگذار 2 آزمایش اجرا شد. در آزمایش اول، تعداد 120 قناری ماده دچار پرریزی به مدت 135 روز به 12 قفس (هر کدام شامل 10 پرنده) اختصاص داده شد. تیمارها شامل کنترل (آب آشامیدنی بدون مخلوط خوراکی)، 25/1 گرم یا 25/2 گرم مخلوط گیاهی خوراکی در یک لیتر آب آشامیدنی بود. در آزمایش دوم، تعداد 72 مرغ تخمگذار دچار پرریزی به 24 قفس (هر قفس شامل 3 پرنده) به مدت 21 روز اختصاص داده شد و تیمارهای خوراکی مشابه آزمایش اول بود. نتایج نشان داد که در روزهای 45، 90 و 135 غلظت هورمون پرولاکتین پلاسما به طور خطی و درجه 2 کاهش و غلظت پروژسترون و استروژن پلاسمای مرغهای تخمگذار با افزایش سطح مخلوط خوراکی افزایش خطی داشت. در روز 21 آزمایش، با افزایش سطح مخلوط خوراکی غلظت هورمون پرولاکتین، پروژسترون و استروژن پلاسما در مرغهای تخمگذار افزایش یافت. همچنین با افزایش سطح مخلوط خوراکی دوره رشد مجدد پر در قناریها و مرغهای تخمگذار کاهش یافت. در هفتههای اول، دوم و سوم تولید تخم مرغ در مرغهای تخمگذار بدون اثر معنیدار بر مصرف آب و خوراک افزایش یافت. استفاده از مخلوط گیاهی در آب آشامیدنی قناریها سبب افزایش تولید هورمونهای جنسی و کوتاه شدن دوره پرریزی شد. همچنین این افزودنی خوراکی جدید تأثیر محرک بر تولید تخم مرغ مرغهای تخمگذار بدون اثر بر مصرف آب و خوراک داشت.
Ariana M., Samie A., Edriss M.A. and Jahanian R. (2011). Effects of powder and extract form of green tea and marigold and α-tocopheryl acetate on performance, egg quality and egg yolk cholesterol levels of laying hens in late phase of production. J. Med. Plant. Res. 5, 2710-2716.
Berry W.D. (2003). The physiology of induced molting. Poult. Sci. 82, 971-980.
Blas J. and Hiraldo F. (2010). Proximate and ultimate factors explaining floating behavior in long-lived birds. Horm. Behav. 57, 169-176.
Blas J., Lopez L., Tanferna A., Sergio F. and Hiraldo F. (2010). Reproductive endocrinology of wild, long-lived raptors. Gen. Comp. Endocr. 1, 22-28.
Bluhm C.K., Phillips R.E. and Burke W.H. (1983). Serum levels of luteinizing hormone, prolactin, estradiol and progesterone in laying and nonlaying Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos). Biol. Reprod. 28, 295-305.
Decuypere E., Leenstra F., Huybrechts L.M., Feng P.Y., Arnonts S., Herremans M. and Nys M. (1993). Selection for weight gain or food conversion in broiler affects the progesterone production capacity of large follicles in reproductive adult breeders. Br. Poult. Sci. 34, 543-552.
Decuypere E. and Verheyen G. (1986). Physiological basis of inducedmoulting and tissue regeneration in fowls. World’s Poult. Sci. 42, 56-68.
Dicerman R.W. and Bahr J.M. (1988). Physiology and reproduction. Poult. Sci. 68, 1402-1408.
Etches R.J. (1996). Reproduction in Poultry. CAB International, Wallingford, UK.
Groscolas R. and Leloup J. (1986). The endocrine control of reproduction and molt in emperor (Aptenodytes forsteri) and adelie (Pygoscelis adeliae) penguins. II. Annual changes in plasma levels of thyroxine and triiodothyronine. Gen. Compar. Endocrin. 63, 264-274.
Herremans M., Decuypere E. and Chiason R.B. (1988). Role of ovarian steroids in the control of moult induction in laying fowls. Br. Poult. Sci. 29, 125-136.
Hertrampf J.W. (2001). Alternative antibacterial performance promoters. Poult. Int. 40, 50-52.
Holt P.S. (2003). Molting and Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis infection: the problem and some solutions. Poult. Sci. 82, 1008-1010.
Hoshino S., Suzuki M., Kakegawa K., Imal M., Wakita M., Kobayashi Y. and Yamada Y. (1988). Changes in plasma thyroid hormones, luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol, progestrone and corticosterone of laying hens during a forced molt. Br. Poult. Sci. 29, 238-247.
Jacquet J.M., Seigneurin F. and De Rivers M. (1993). Induced-moulting in cockrels effect on sperm production, plasma concentration of luteinizing hormone, testesterone and thyroxine on pituitary sensitivity to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. Br. Poult. Sci. 34, 765-775.
Johnson A.L. (1984). Interactions of progesterone and luteinizing hormone leading to ovulation in the domestic hen. Pp 133-143 in Proc. Rep. Biol. Poult. British Poult. Sci. Edinburgh, UK.
Joyner C.J., Peddie M.J. and Taylor T.G. (1987). The effect of age on egg production in the domestic hen. Gen. Compar. Endocrinol. 65, 331-336.
Kang W.J., Yun J.S., Seo D.S., Hong K.C. and Ko Y. (2001). Relationship among egg productivity, steroid hormones (progesterone and estradiol) and ovary in korean native ogol chicken. Asian-Australuan J. Anim. Sci. 14, 922-928.
Kappauf B. and Van Tienhoven A. (1972). Progesterone concentrations in peripheral plasma of laying hens in relation to the time of ovulation. Endocrinology. 90, 1350-1355.
Langhout P. (2000). New additives for broiler chickens. World Poult. Elsevier. 16, 22-27.
Mashaly M.M., Proudman J.A. and Wentworth B.C. (1979). Reproductive performance of turkey hens as influenced by hormone implants. Br. Poult. Sci. 20, 19-26.
Mcdaniel B.A. and Aske D.R. (2000). Egg prices, feed costs and the decision to molt. Poult. Sci. 79, 1243-1245.
North M.O. and Bell D.D. (1990). Commercial Chicken Production Management. Chapman and Hall, New York.
Oguike M.A., Igboeli G., Ibe S.N., Iromkwe M.O., AkomasS.C. and Uzoukwu M. (2005). Plasma progesterone profile and ovarian activity of forced-moult layers. African J. Biotechnol. 4, 1005-1009.
Otsuka R., Hori H., Aoki K. and Wada M. (1998). Changes in circulating LH, sex steroid hormones, thyroid hormones and corticosterone in relation to breeding and molting in captive Humboltd penguins (Spheniscus humboltdi) kept in an outdoor open display. Zool. Sci. 15, 103-109.
Papageorgiou G., Botsoglou N., Govaris A., GiannenasI., Iliadis S. and Botsoglou E. (2003). Effect of dietary oregano oil and α-tocopheryl acetate supplementation on ironinduced lipid oxidation of turkey breast, thigh, liver and heart tissues. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 87, 324-335.
Peebles E.D., Miller C.R., Boyle C.R., Brake J.D. and Latour M.A. (1994). Effects of dietary thiouracil on thyroid activity, egg production and eggshell quality in commercial layers. Poult. Sci. 73, 1829-1837.
Reddy I.J., David C.G. and Raju S.S. (2006). Chemical control of prolactin secretion and its effects on pause days, egg production and steroid hormone concentration in girirani birds. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 5, 685-692.
Renden J.A., Lien R.J., Oates S.S. and Bilgili F.S. (1994). Plasma concentrations of corticosterone and thyroid hormones in broilers provided various lighting schedules. Poult. Sci. 62, 1080-1083.
SAS Institute. (2008). SAS®/STAT Software, Release 9.2. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC. USA.
Sharp P.J., Sterling R.J., Talbot R.T. and HuskissonN.S. (1989). The role of hypothalamic vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in the maintenance of prolactin secretion in incubating bantam hens. Observations using passive immunization, radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemistry. J. Endocrinol. 122, 5-13.
Tanabe Y., Ogowa T. and Nakamura T. (1981). The effect of short-term starvation on pituitary and plasma luteinizing hormone, plasma oestradiol and progesterone, and pituitary response to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in the laying hen (Gallus domesticus). Gen. Compar. Endocrinol. 43, 392-398.
Tanabe Y., Hirose K., Nakamura T., Watanabe K. and Ebisawa S. (1983). Relationship between the egg production rate and plasma estradiol, progesterone and testeron concentration in White Leghorn, Rhode Island Red and their hybrid pullets at various ages. Japanese Soc. Zootec. Sci. 2, 99-100.
Williams P. and Losa R. (2001). The use of essential oils and their compounds in poultry nutrition. World Poult. Elsevier. 17, 14-15.
Wuttke W., Jarry H., Christoffel V., Spengler B. and Seidlova-Wuttke D. (2003). Chaste tree. (Vitex agnus-castus)–pharmacology and clinical indications. Phytomedicine. 10, 348-357.
Yakhkeshi S., Rahimi S. and Hemati Matin H.R. (2012). Effects of yarrow (Achillea millefolium), antibiotic and probiotic on performance, immune response, serum lipids and microbial population of broilers. J. Agric. Sci. Technol. 14, 799-810.
Youngren O.M., Chaischa Y. and El-Halawani M.E. (1998). Serotogenic stimulation of avian prolactin secretion requires an intactsystem. Gen. Compar. Endocrinol. 112, 63-68.
