تحلیل سلسله مراتب شهری و متعادل سازی توزیع فضایی جمعیت کانونهای شهری استان گیلان
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات برنامه ریزی شهری و منطقه ای
عیسی پوررمضان
1
(عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد رشت، دانشکده علوم انسانی، گروه آموزشی جغرافیا)
ابراهیم درویش رحیم‌آبادی
2
(کارشناسی ارشد طراحی و برنامه‌ریزی شهری و منطقه‌ای، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تهران مرکز، تهران، ایران)
کلید واژه: استان گیلان, نظام‌شهری, توزیع فضایی جمعیت, سلسله مراتب شهری, متعادل‌سازی جمعیت,
چکیده مقاله :
سلسله مراتب شهری از نظر کمی بهترین شکل سازماندهی فضاست. زیرا باعث توزیع فعالیت ها و خدمات در سطح جامعه، طبقه بندی متعادل، عملکردها و پیدایش روش های مختلف زندگی در محیط های گوناگون جغرافیایی می شود. نظام توزیع جمعیت در استان گیلان متعادل نیست و شکل اسکان و استقرار جمعیت و شهرها تصویر مناسبی را بدست نمی دهد. هدف پژوهش حاضر تحلیل نظام سلسله مراتب شهرهای استان گیلان به منظور متعادل سازی توزیع فضایی می باشد. روش تحقیق به کار رفته توصیفی - تحلیلی و روش جمع آوری اطلاعات روش کتابخانه ای بوده است. با مطالعه سلسله مراتب شهری استان گیلان طــی سال های 1355 تا 1395 مشخص گردید که شهر رشت به عنوان مرکز استان گیلان و کلان شهر ناحیه ای با داشتن 41/42 درصد از جمعیت شهری استان در سال 1395 در قالب نخست شهر نقش غالب خود را نشان داده و در حال حاضر همه شاخص های: جغرافیایی، اجتماعی، اقتصادی، سیاسی، فرهنگی و... به سود این شهر و به زیان کانون های زیستی کوچک آن است. ضمن این که تمرکز جمعیت در آن مشکلات فراوان اجتماعی و فرهنگی از قبیل: مشکل مسکن، گرانی زمین، اجاره خانه، ازدحام ترافیک، نارسایی در خدمات و بالاخره طیف گسترده ای از آلودگی های زیست محیطی را به دنبال داشته است. این شهر به لحاظ داشتن زمینه‌های سیاسی، اقتصادی و فرهنگی مناسب، مهاجرین مختلف را از مناطق پیرامونی خود جذب کرده و سلسله مراتب شهری استان را از قانون مرتبه- اندازه دور کرده است؛ به نحوی که در سال 1355 جمعیت اولین شهر (رشت) 41/3 برابر دومین شهر (انزلی) بوده است. در سال 1395 جمعیت شهر رشت 73/5 برابر جمعیت شهر دوم (انزلی) است. با مشخص شدن تغییرات جمعیت و رتبه شهرهای استان در سال های گذشته و اثرات آن بر نظام نامتعادل توسعه مراکز شهری، تمرکزگرایی و تسلط تک شهری در نظام شهری استان لازم است تا تدابیری به منظور ساماندهی فضایی مراکز شهری و توزیع متعادل جغرافیایی جمعیت متناسب با امکانات و محدودیت ها و مزیت های نسبی هر منطقه و با توجه به سیاست های آمایش سرزمین و اصلاح توسعه فضایی کانون های شهری آن صورت گیرد. تمرکزگرایی از شهر و منطقه رشت و توجه به شهرهای کوچک و متوسط استان از مهمترین رهیافت های این پژوهش است.
Urban hierarchy in terms of quantity is the best form of organizing space. Because it makes the distribution of activities and services at the community level, balancing classification, performance and appearance of different ways of life in the various geographical areas .Population distribution system is not balanced in the province and do not get a proper image form of accommodation and population settlement and cities .It was determined by studying the urban hierarchy of Gilan province during the years 1355 to 1395 .It was determined by studying the urban hierarchy Gilan during the years 1355 to 1395 the city of Rasht as the capital of Gilan and the metropolis area with a 42.41 percent of the urban population in 1395 in the "First City" demonstrated their dominant role and now all factors: geographical, social, economic, political, cultural and ...is in the interest of the city and to the detriment of small living centers. Meanwhile, concentration of the population led social and cultural difficulties such as housing problems, expensive land, rent, traffic congestion, failures in service and finally, a wide range of environmental contamination. This city in terms of having appropriate areas of political, economic and cultural, various migrants from surrounding areas has attracted and has been away urban hierarchy of Rank – Size law; So that in 1355 the city of Rasht was 3.41 equal the second largest city (Anzali).In 1390 the population of city of Rasht is 5.48 equal the second population (Anzali).To determine the population dynamics and rank cities in recent years, and its effects on the unbalanced development of urban centers, centralization and domination of one city in the provincial urban it is necessary to take measures in order to spatial organization of urban centers and a balanced distribution of geographical Society according to the possibilities and the limitations and comparative advantages of each region and with respect to land use planning policies and modify spatial development of urban centers. The most important approaches of this research is centralization Of city and Rasht area and attention to small and medium cities Province
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_||_Abedin. D. S. (2002). Urban Economics Study. Tehran: Academic Center Press.
Azimi A. J. (2009). Terms and Concepts of Urban Sciences (1st ed.). Noor: Islamic Azad University.
Azimi, N. (2002). Urbanization Exploration and Principles of the Urban System. Tehran: Nika Press.
Behforooz, F. (1992). Theoretical - Empirical Analysis for the Spatial Distribution of Population in the Iran Urban System. Geographical Research Quarterly,28, 7-86. Geography Institute, Tehran University.
Behforooz, F. (1995). Prevailing Fields in Human Geography (1st ed.). Tehran: Tehran University Press.
Clark, D. (2000). Urban world, Global city. London: Rutledge.
Clarke, J. A. (1988). The role of the state in regional development, chapter 6 in Flowerdew, R. (ed), Institutions and Geographical patterns, Beckenham: Croom helm
Farhoudi, R., Zanganeh, S. S., & Sa'ed, M. R. (2009). How to Distribute Population Spatially in Iran Urban System during years 1956 to 2006. Human Geography Research Quarterly,41(68), 55-68.
Farid, Y. (1996). Geography and Urban Study. Tabriz: Tabriz University Press.
Ghalibafan, S. H., & Mekaniki, J. (2000). On the Analysis of Urban Hierarchy in Khorasan Province. Population Quarterly, No. 37.
Ghazani, M., & Mousavi M. N (2009). Critique on Urban Settlement Indexes and Providing New Indexes (With Analytical View on Urban Indexes of Iran). Quarterly of Geography and Environmental Studies,1(1), (1st ed.), 25-34.
Haggett, P. (1972). Geography, Modern Synthesis. Bristol University.
Hekmatnia, H., & Mousavi, M. (2006). Application Model in Geography with Emphasis on Urban and Regional Planning. Elm-e-Novin Press.
King, L. J., & Golledge, R. G. (1978). Cities, space, and behavior: The elements of urban geography, Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice-Hall.
Linsky, A. S. (1969). Some Generalizations Concerning Primate Cities, Annals of the Association of American Geographers.
Management and planning organization of guilan, 2016.
Molaei, H. N., & Poorrmadan, I. (2011). On the Analysis of the Balancing the Pattern of Urban Systems in Roodbar County Using the rank-size rule Model. Proceedings of the First Regional Conference on Sustainable Development in Roodbar County, p. 61. Roodbar: Islamic Azad University.
Naziani, A. (2000). Urban Geography of Iran. Tehran: Payam-e-Noor University Press.
Shakour, A., & Shokri, R. (2006). Effect of Natural Factors on the Economic and Social Status in Lar City in the Urban Hierarchy of Fars Province. Chap 1, Geographical Outlook Quarterly, 1(2).
Shokoye, H. (2006). A New View on Urban Geography. Tehran: Samt Press.
Statistics Center of Iran. (1966). General Population and Housing Census of Guilan Province.
Statistics Center of Iran. (1976). General Population and Housing Census of Guilan Province.
Statistics Center of Iran. (1986). General Population and Housing Census of Guilan Province.
Statistics Center of Iran. (1996). General Population and Housing Census of Guilan Province.
Statistics Center of Iran. (2006). General Population and Housing Census of Guilan Province.
Statistics Center of Iran. (2011). General Population and Housing Census of Guilan Province.
Statistics Center of Iran. (2016). General Population and Housing Census of Guilan Province.
Zariyy, K. (2003). Schools, Theories, Program Models and Regional Planning. Yazd University Press.
Zariyy, K., & Mousavi, M. N. (2005). On the Analysis of Urban Hierarchy in West Azerbaijan Province. Research Journal of Isfahan University (Humanities), 18 (1), 75-89.
