میزان دسترسی و نفوذ فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات در عرصه های اقتصادی- اجتماعی جامعه روستایی (مطالعه موردی: دهستان قلعه قافه،شهرستان مینودشت)
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات برنامه ریزی شهری و منطقه ای
رضا سلیمانگلی
1
(دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران)
بیژن رحمانی
2
(دانشیار جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران)
ناصر شفیعی ثابت
3
(استادیار جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران)
کلید واژه: توسعه روستایی, فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات, دسترسی, نفوذ,
چکیده مقاله :
دسترسی به فناوری های اطلاعات و ارتباطات و استفاده از آن می تواند اثرات چشمگیری بر کاهش فقر و کسب اهداف توسعه اقتصادی_ اجتماعی داشته باشد. این مقاله به بررسی میزان دسترسی و نهایتا استفاده از ابزارهای فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات در عرصه های اجتماعی- اقتصادی نواحی روستایی می پردازد که در آن فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات در بر گیرنده خدمات موبایل، تلفن ثابت، کامپیوتر، اینترنت، رادیو و تلویزیون می باشد. جامعه آماری این پژوهش سکونت گاههای روستایی دهستان قلعه قافه است، تعداد نمونه 303 نفر برآورد شده و افراد بر اساس روش نمونه گیری تصادفی ساده مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند و در نهایت از آمارهای توصیفی و تحلیلی نرم افزار SPSS برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها استفاده گردید. نتایج تحقیق حاکی از آن است که در بین ابزارهای فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات بیشترین میزان استفاده از ابزارهای تلفن ثابت، موبایل و تلویزیون صورت می گیرد. در زمینه نوع استفاده نیز بیشترین میزان استفاده در زمینه دسترسی بهتر به خدماتی از جمله تامین نهاده ها، ارتباط بهتر با خریداران(واسطه ها)، ارتباط بهتر و موثرتر با کارشناسان دام و زراعت و همچنین آموختن شیوه های نوین از طریق این ابزارهای اطلاعاتی و ارتباطی است که بیشتر توسط موبایل و تلفن ثابت به انجام می رسد. همچنین فناوری های نوین از جمله اینترنت و کامپیوتر به نسبت کمتری در جامعه روستایی مورد مطالعه استفاده می شوند. در ارتباط با زمان پخش برنامه های توسعه ای و آموزشی نیز نتایج نشان می دهد که با تقویم کشاورزی جامعه روستایی سازگاری خوبی ندارد. از نتایج قابل توجه دیگر، عدم اگاهی و آشنایی جوامع مورد مطالعه از پتانسیل های فناوری های جدید از جمله اینترنت و کامپیوتر است که نیازمند آموزش و اگاهی رسانی در این زمینه می باشد.
Abstract: Access to ICTs can have significant effects on Alleviating Poverty and achieving the social- economic development goals. The research represents studying of penetration rate and using the ICTs in 17 villages at Rural Ghale Ghafee , Minoodasht County where the ICT considered consists of fixed- line telephone service, mobile telephone service, public telephones, computers, and Internet service. Rural communities in the research, located in in Ghale Ghafee area. The sample included 303 individuals, who were selected by stratified random sampling method. Survey method was used, and data was analyzed by Excel and SPSS software. The study concludes that the most of farmers and villagers are Illiterates and low literates that in line with theirs capabilities level, they used the certain ICTs. In this regard Depending on level of individual capability, fixed telephone, mobile telephone and television have more effects for connecting to supplies providers, production buyers as well as learning the new farming methods on rural communities. From the considerable points, is lack of cognition from the potentials the new ICTs such as internet and computers that educate needed should happen.
Alexandru A. (2006). ICT and Its Impact upon the Globalization and Accessibility of the Education in the Health Domain.online in: www.ici.ro.
Bartlett, A. (2002). ICT and IMPM. In Farmers, FAO and Field Schools, Rome: FAO.
Blackman, CR,(1996). University service; Obligation or opportunity? Telecommunications policy,19 (3),171-176.
Campaine, B, M, (Ed). (2001). Thy digital divide; Facing a crisis or creating a myth? Cambridge, MA; MIT press.
Enemark, S., & Abene, R. (2002). Capacity Building in Land management – Implementing Land Policy reforms in Malawi. FIG XXII International Congress, Washington,D.C.USA.
Hamilton, J. (2003). Are main lines and mobile phone substitutes or complements? Evidence. from Africa. Telecommunications policy, 27, 109-133.
Helmer, O. (1996). Social Technology. Basic Books, New York.
Hudson, H. E. (2006). From rural village to global village; Telecommunications for development in thy information age London. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
ITU, H. E. (1999).World Geneva. Switzerland; International Telecommunication Union. Retrieved from (http://www.itu.int)
ITU, H. E. (2011). International Telecommunication Union. Measuring the Information Society. Switzerland, Geneva, 4 and 153.
Kauffman, R. ,J. & Techat as sanasoontom, A. A. (2005). International diffusion of digital mobile technology; A coupled-hazzard stste- based approach, information technology and Management, 2 (6), 253-292.
Lusthaus, C., Adrien, M.H., & Pershnger, M. (1999). Capacity Development Definitions, Issues and Implications for Planning Monitoring Evaluation Universal Occasional Paper, 35.
Milne, C. (1998). Stages of universal service policy. Telecommunications policy, 22(9),775-780.
Neumann, S. (1994). Strategic information systems: competition through information technologies. New York: Maxwell Macmillan International.
Norris, P. (2001). Digital divide; Civics engagement, information poverty, and thy Internet world wide. Cambridge; Cambridge University press.
OECD. (2000). Information technology outlook Paris;OECD. Retrieved from (www. oecd.org).
Pahjola, M. (2002). New Economy in Growth and Development United Nation University, WIDER. Discussion Paper No .2002/67. Available at: www.wider.unu.edu.
Pew Research Center. (1999). The Internet news audience goes ordinary. Retrieved from (http://people-press. org/report/72).
Rodini, M., Ward, M.R., & Woroch, G.A. (2003). Going mobile: Substitutability between fixed and mobile access. Telecommunications Policy, 27, 457–476.
Sawada, M., Cossette, D., Wellar, B., & Kurt, T. (2006). Analysis of thy urban/rural broadband divide in Canada; Using GLS in planning terrestrial wireless deployment. Government information Quarterly, 23 (3-4), 454-479.
Seifert, J., & Chung, J. (2009). Using e-government to reinforce government citizen relationships; comparing government reform in thy United States and China. Social Sdence Computer Review, 27 (1), 3-23.
Sung, N., Kim, C.G., & Lee, Y. H . (2000). Is POTS dispensable? Substitution effects between mobile and fixed telephones in Korea. Paper presented at International Telecommunications Society biennial conference, Buenos Aires, Argentina, July2000.Retrieved from /http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers. cfm? abstract_id=222288S.
Strover, S. (2003). The prospects for broadband deployment in rural America. Government information Quarterly, 20 (2), 95-106.
Thompson, C. S. (2002). Enlisting on-line residents; expanding the boundaries of E-Government in japanese rural township. Government information quarterly, 19 (2), 173-188
Toreno, M. & Braun, J. V. (2006). Information and Communication technologies for development and poverty reduction; The potential of telecommunication. Maryland; Thy Johns Hopkins University Press.
Vagliasindi, M., Guney, I., & Taubman, C. (2006). Fixed and Mobile competition in transition economies, Telecommunication policy, 30,349-367.
World Resource Institute (WRI) in collaboration with United Nations Development Program, United Nations Environment Program, and World Bank. (2008): Roots of Resilience- Growing the Wealth of the poor. Washington,DC:WRI.
Xia, J., & LU, T. J. (2008). Bridging the digital divide for rural communities;The case of China. Telecommunications policy, 32 (9-10), 686-696.
_||_Alexandru A. (2006). ICT and Its Impact upon the Globalization and Accessibility of the Education in the Health Domain.online in: www.ici.ro.
Bartlett, A. (2002). ICT and IMPM. In Farmers, FAO and Field Schools, Rome: FAO.
Blackman, CR,(1996). University service; Obligation or opportunity? Telecommunications policy,19 (3),171-176.
Campaine, B, M, (Ed). (2001). Thy digital divide; Facing a crisis or creating a myth? Cambridge, MA; MIT press.
Enemark, S., & Abene, R. (2002). Capacity Building in Land management – Implementing Land Policy reforms in Malawi. FIG XXII International Congress, Washington,D.C.USA.
Hamilton, J. (2003). Are main lines and mobile phone substitutes or complements? Evidence. from Africa. Telecommunications policy, 27, 109-133.
Helmer, O. (1996). Social Technology. Basic Books, New York.
Hudson, H. E. (2006). From rural village to global village; Telecommunications for development in thy information age London. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
ITU, H. E. (1999).World Geneva. Switzerland; International Telecommunication Union. Retrieved from (http://www.itu.int)
ITU, H. E. (2011). International Telecommunication Union. Measuring the Information Society. Switzerland, Geneva, 4 and 153.
Kauffman, R. ,J. & Techat as sanasoontom, A. A. (2005). International diffusion of digital mobile technology; A coupled-hazzard stste- based approach, information technology and Management, 2 (6), 253-292.
Lusthaus, C., Adrien, M.H., & Pershnger, M. (1999). Capacity Development Definitions, Issues and Implications for Planning Monitoring Evaluation Universal Occasional Paper, 35.
Milne, C. (1998). Stages of universal service policy. Telecommunications policy, 22(9),775-780.
Neumann, S. (1994). Strategic information systems: competition through information technologies. New York: Maxwell Macmillan International.
Norris, P. (2001). Digital divide; Civics engagement, information poverty, and thy Internet world wide. Cambridge; Cambridge University press.
OECD. (2000). Information technology outlook Paris;OECD. Retrieved from (www. oecd.org).
Pahjola, M. (2002). New Economy in Growth and Development United Nation University, WIDER. Discussion Paper No .2002/67. Available at: www.wider.unu.edu.
Pew Research Center. (1999). The Internet news audience goes ordinary. Retrieved from (http://people-press. org/report/72).
Rodini, M., Ward, M.R., & Woroch, G.A. (2003). Going mobile: Substitutability between fixed and mobile access. Telecommunications Policy, 27, 457–476.
Sawada, M., Cossette, D., Wellar, B., & Kurt, T. (2006). Analysis of thy urban/rural broadband divide in Canada; Using GLS in planning terrestrial wireless deployment. Government information Quarterly, 23 (3-4), 454-479.
Seifert, J., & Chung, J. (2009). Using e-government to reinforce government citizen relationships; comparing government reform in thy United States and China. Social Sdence Computer Review, 27 (1), 3-23.
Sung, N., Kim, C.G., & Lee, Y. H . (2000). Is POTS dispensable? Substitution effects between mobile and fixed telephones in Korea. Paper presented at International Telecommunications Society biennial conference, Buenos Aires, Argentina, July2000.Retrieved from /http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers. cfm? abstract_id=222288S.
Strover, S. (2003). The prospects for broadband deployment in rural America. Government information Quarterly, 20 (2), 95-106.
Thompson, C. S. (2002). Enlisting on-line residents; expanding the boundaries of E-Government in japanese rural township. Government information quarterly, 19 (2), 173-188
Toreno, M. & Braun, J. V. (2006). Information and Communication technologies for development and poverty reduction; The potential of telecommunication. Maryland; Thy Johns Hopkins University Press.
Vagliasindi, M., Guney, I., & Taubman, C. (2006). Fixed and Mobile competition in transition economies, Telecommunication policy, 30,349-367.
World Resource Institute (WRI) in collaboration with United Nations Development Program, United Nations Environment Program, and World Bank. (2008): Roots of Resilience- Growing the Wealth of the poor. Washington,DC:WRI.
Xia, J., & LU, T. J. (2008). Bridging the digital divide for rural communities;The case of China. Telecommunications policy, 32 (9-10), 686-696.
