الویت بندی راهبردهای ارتقاء دلبستگی کودکان به محله گلسار شهر رشت با استفاده از QFD
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات برنامه ریزی شهری و منطقه ای
سید عبدالهادی دانشپور
1
(دانشیار گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران)
علی اکبر سالاری پور
2
(دانشجوی دکتری شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت، تهران، ایران)
کلید واژه: QFD, رشت, کلمات کلیدی: الویت بندی, دلبستگی به مکان, محله گلسار,
چکیده مقاله :
افرادی که در دوره کودکی فرصت ایجاد رابطه دلبستگی با محله را پیدا نکرده باشند در بزرگسالی نیز شانس کمتری برای ایجاد پیوندهای احساسی با محیط زندگی خود خواهند داشت. با توجه به اهمیت دوره کودکی در دلبستگی مکانی، مقاله حاضر به دنبال ساخت و الویت بندی گزینه های راهبردی در جهت افزایش میزان دلبستگی کودکان به محله گلسار شهر رشت است. لحاظ نکردن خواسته های ذینفعان در فرایند ساخت و الویت بندی راهبردها منجر به اتلاف هزینه و عدم حصول نتیجه می گردد. ابزارهای نوین برنامه ریزی راهبردی مانند (QFD) بر الویت بندی راهبردها بر حسب نیازها ی ذینفعان تاکید دارند. در این راستا، در ابتدا با استفاده از روش عکاسی توسط کودکان و مصاحبه عمیق با 30 کودک نیازهای آنان شناسایی شده و در مرحله بعد از 400 نفر از کودکان و والدین آنها خواسته شده اهمیت هریک از نیازها را رتبه بندی نمایند. سپس راهبردها با تکنیک گروه اسمی توسط متخصصین و با استفاده از اطلاعات مرحله اول، راهبردهای موجود در طرح تفصیلی منطقه و مباحث تخصصی در جلسه گروه اسمی تدوین می گردند. در پایان با استفاده از ماتریس روابط راهبردها الویت بندی شده و برنامه های اجرایی مربوط به آنها بیان می گردند. نتایج نشان می دهد، راهبردهایی که باعث تسهیل بازی کودکان در محله شده، ارتباط آنان را با طبیعت شکل می دهد و آنها را در رویداد های فرهنگی و خلاقانه در سطح محله درگیر می کند، بیشترین کارایی را در تبدیل محله گلسار به محله دوست داشتنی از نظر کودکان خواهد داشت.
Recent researches have shown that children’s first experiences in neighborhood can extremely affect their attitudes toward neighbors, neighborhood and the city. Due to the criticality of this issue, this article is dedicated to find and prioritize strategic alternatives for enhancing place attachment among children residents of Golsar neighborhood in Rasht city. it is necessary to hear children’s voice about their attachments to the neighborhood. Lack of attention to the needs of stakeholders can lead to the waste of money without attaining expected results. This study has utilized a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods in achieving its goals; that includes of integration of Resident Employed Photography (REP) into the Quality Function Deployment(QFD) Process. Therefore, needs and interest of stakeholders should be identified and applied as the input of the process. This step is done by application of REP and in-depth interviews with children. These needs should be rated by children and their parents in next step. To ensure statistical significance, 400 Stakeholders are surveyed for each need using a 5-point scale. Information of the detailed plan of the region and Nominal Group Technique is applied for development of strategic alternatives. Relationships between strategies and need are determined in relationship matrix which shows that how each strategy affects each need. Finally, strategies are prioritized and described. Results show that those strategies that facilitate children’s play in neighborhood, or form their relationship with the nature, or engage them in cultural events and creative works, would be the most efficient ones.
Abastante, F., & Lami, I. M. (2012). Quality function deployment (QFD) and analytic network process (ANP): an application to analyze a cohousing intervention. Journal of Applied Operational Research, 4 (1), 14-27.
Azimi, S. (1996). Child psychology. Dehkhoda publications. (In Persian)
Biria, N., Rahnama,S.A. (2015). Developmental psychology according to Islamic resources (Volume II). Resarch Institute of Hawzah and University (RIHU). SAMT publications. (In Persian)
Bonaiuto, M., Breakwell, G. M., & Cano, I. (1996). Identity processes and environmental threat: The effects of nationalism and local identity upon perception of beach pollution. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 6 (3), 157-175.
Brown, B. B., & Perkins, D. D. (1992). Disruptions in place attachment. In Place attachment (pp. 279-304). Springer US.
Brown, B. B., Perkins, D. D., & Brown, G. (2004). Incivilities, place attachment and crime: Block and individual effects. Journal of environmental psychology, 24 (3), 359-371.
Brown, B., Perkins, D. D., & Brown, G. (2003). Place attachment in a revitalizing neighborhood: Individual and block levels of analysis. Journal of environmental psychology, 23 (3), 259-271.
Crowe, T. J., & Cheng, C. C. (1996). Using quality function deployment in manufacturing strategic planning. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 16 (4), 35-48.
Dallago, L., Perkins, D. D., Santinello, M., Boyce, W., Molcho, M., & Morgan, A. (2009). Adolescent place attachment, social capital, and perceived safety: A comparison of 13 countries. American journal of community psychology, 44 (1-2), 148-160.
Golafshani, N. (2003). Understanding reliability and validity in qualitative research. The qualitative report, 8 (4), 597-606.
Ghazinouri, S.S., Mohamadi, S., &Abdi, M.(2013). Improvement of QFD process by analysis of stakeholders: An efficient tool for national strategic planning (case study: Iran comprehensive map for scientific development). Journal of management researches, 20, 35-56. (In Persian)
Hernández, B., Martín, A. M., Ruiz, C., & del Carmen Hidalgo, M. (2010). The role of place identity and place attachment in breaking environmental protection laws. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 30(3), 281-288.
Lee, J. H., Phaal, R., & Lee, S. H. (2013). An integrated service-device-technology roadmap for smart city development. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 80 (2), 286-306.
Lewicka, M. (2010). What makes neighborhood different from home and city? Effects of place scale on place attachment. Journal of environmental psychology, 30 (1), 35-51.
Lewicka, M. (2013). In search of roots. Place attachment: Advances in theory, methods and applications, 49-60.
Lewicka, Maria. (2011). Place attachment: How far have we come in the last 40 years? Journal of Environmental Psychology, 31, 207-230.
Luborsky, M. R., & Rubinstein, R. L. (1995). Sampling in qualitative research rationale, issues, and methods. Research on aging, 17 (1), 89-113.
Mussen, P. H. (1995). Child development and personality. Translated by: Yasaie, M. Markaz publications, Maad Book. (In Persian)
Maddux, G.A., Amos, R.W., & Wyskida, A.R. (1991). Organization can apply quality function deployment as a strategic planning tool. Industrial Engineering, 23, 9, 33-37.
Mahdavinejad, M., & Abedi, M. (2011). Community-oriented landscape design for sustainability in architecture and planning. Procedia Engineering, 21, 337-344. (In Persian)
Manzo, L. C., & Perkins, D. D. (2006). Finding common ground: The importance of place attachment to community participation and planning. Journal of planning literature, 20 (4), 335-350.
Marshall, M. N. (1996). Sampling for qualitative research. Family practice, 13 (6), 522-526.
Metri, B. A. (2006). Total quality transportation through Deming’s 14 points. Journal of Public Transportation, 9 (4), 35-46.
Mihaylov, N., & Perkins, D. D. (2014). Community place attachment and its role in social capital development. Place attachment: Advances in theory, methods and applications, 61.
Patterson, M. E., & Williams, D. R. (2006). Maintaining research traditions on place: Diversity of thought and scientific progress. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 25, 361-380.
Power, N. (1975). The New Localism. Boston: Beacon.
Relph, E. (1976). Place and placelessness (Vol. 1). Pion.
Scannell, L., & Gifford, R. (2010). Defining place attachment: A tripartite organizing framework. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 30, 1-10.
Stedman, R. C., Amsden, B. L., Beckley, T. M., & Tidball, K. G. (2014). Photo-based methods for understanding place meanings as foundations of attachment. Place attachment: Advances in theory, methods and applications, 112-124.
Tapsuwan, S., Leviston, Z., & Tucker, D. (2011). Community values and attitudes towards land use on the Gnangara Groundwater System: A Sense of Place study in Perth, Western Australia. Landscape and Urban Planning, 100 (1), 24-34.
Van Auken, P. M., Frisvoll, S. J., & Stewart, S. I. (2010). Visualising community: using participant-driven photo-elicitation for research and application. Local environment, 15 (4), 373-388.
Wey, W. M. (2011). A Study of the Built Environment Design Elements Embedded into the Multiple Criteria Strategic Planning Model for an Urban Renewal. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Civil, Environmental, Structural, Construction and Architectural Engineering, 5 (4), 157-167.
Wey, W. M., & Chiu, Y. H. (2013). Assessing the walkability of pedestrian environment under the transit-oriented development. Habitat International, 38, 106-118.
_||_Abastante, F., & Lami, I. M. (2012). Quality function deployment (QFD) and analytic network process (ANP): an application to analyze a cohousing intervention. Journal of Applied Operational Research, 4 (1), 14-27.
Azimi, S. (1996). Child psychology. Dehkhoda publications. (In Persian)
Biria, N., Rahnama,S.A. (2015). Developmental psychology according to Islamic resources (Volume II). Resarch Institute of Hawzah and University (RIHU). SAMT publications. (In Persian)
Bonaiuto, M., Breakwell, G. M., & Cano, I. (1996). Identity processes and environmental threat: The effects of nationalism and local identity upon perception of beach pollution. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 6 (3), 157-175.
Brown, B. B., & Perkins, D. D. (1992). Disruptions in place attachment. In Place attachment (pp. 279-304). Springer US.
Brown, B. B., Perkins, D. D., & Brown, G. (2004). Incivilities, place attachment and crime: Block and individual effects. Journal of environmental psychology, 24 (3), 359-371.
Brown, B., Perkins, D. D., & Brown, G. (2003). Place attachment in a revitalizing neighborhood: Individual and block levels of analysis. Journal of environmental psychology, 23 (3), 259-271.
Crowe, T. J., & Cheng, C. C. (1996). Using quality function deployment in manufacturing strategic planning. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 16 (4), 35-48.
Dallago, L., Perkins, D. D., Santinello, M., Boyce, W., Molcho, M., & Morgan, A. (2009). Adolescent place attachment, social capital, and perceived safety: A comparison of 13 countries. American journal of community psychology, 44 (1-2), 148-160.
Golafshani, N. (2003). Understanding reliability and validity in qualitative research. The qualitative report, 8 (4), 597-606.
Ghazinouri, S.S., Mohamadi, S., &Abdi, M.(2013). Improvement of QFD process by analysis of stakeholders: An efficient tool for national strategic planning (case study: Iran comprehensive map for scientific development). Journal of management researches, 20, 35-56. (In Persian)
Hernández, B., Martín, A. M., Ruiz, C., & del Carmen Hidalgo, M. (2010). The role of place identity and place attachment in breaking environmental protection laws. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 30(3), 281-288.
Lee, J. H., Phaal, R., & Lee, S. H. (2013). An integrated service-device-technology roadmap for smart city development. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 80 (2), 286-306.
Lewicka, M. (2010). What makes neighborhood different from home and city? Effects of place scale on place attachment. Journal of environmental psychology, 30 (1), 35-51.
Lewicka, M. (2013). In search of roots. Place attachment: Advances in theory, methods and applications, 49-60.
Lewicka, Maria. (2011). Place attachment: How far have we come in the last 40 years? Journal of Environmental Psychology, 31, 207-230.
Luborsky, M. R., & Rubinstein, R. L. (1995). Sampling in qualitative research rationale, issues, and methods. Research on aging, 17 (1), 89-113.
Mussen, P. H. (1995). Child development and personality. Translated by: Yasaie, M. Markaz publications, Maad Book. (In Persian)
Maddux, G.A., Amos, R.W., & Wyskida, A.R. (1991). Organization can apply quality function deployment as a strategic planning tool. Industrial Engineering, 23, 9, 33-37.
Mahdavinejad, M., & Abedi, M. (2011). Community-oriented landscape design for sustainability in architecture and planning. Procedia Engineering, 21, 337-344. (In Persian)
Manzo, L. C., & Perkins, D. D. (2006). Finding common ground: The importance of place attachment to community participation and planning. Journal of planning literature, 20 (4), 335-350.
Marshall, M. N. (1996). Sampling for qualitative research. Family practice, 13 (6), 522-526.
Metri, B. A. (2006). Total quality transportation through Deming’s 14 points. Journal of Public Transportation, 9 (4), 35-46.
Mihaylov, N., & Perkins, D. D. (2014). Community place attachment and its role in social capital development. Place attachment: Advances in theory, methods and applications, 61.
Patterson, M. E., & Williams, D. R. (2006). Maintaining research traditions on place: Diversity of thought and scientific progress. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 25, 361-380.
Power, N. (1975). The New Localism. Boston: Beacon.
Relph, E. (1976). Place and placelessness (Vol. 1). Pion.
Scannell, L., & Gifford, R. (2010). Defining place attachment: A tripartite organizing framework. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 30, 1-10.
Stedman, R. C., Amsden, B. L., Beckley, T. M., & Tidball, K. G. (2014). Photo-based methods for understanding place meanings as foundations of attachment. Place attachment: Advances in theory, methods and applications, 112-124.
Tapsuwan, S., Leviston, Z., & Tucker, D. (2011). Community values and attitudes towards land use on the Gnangara Groundwater System: A Sense of Place study in Perth, Western Australia. Landscape and Urban Planning, 100 (1), 24-34.
Van Auken, P. M., Frisvoll, S. J., & Stewart, S. I. (2010). Visualising community: using participant-driven photo-elicitation for research and application. Local environment, 15 (4), 373-388.
Wey, W. M. (2011). A Study of the Built Environment Design Elements Embedded into the Multiple Criteria Strategic Planning Model for an Urban Renewal. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Civil, Environmental, Structural, Construction and Architectural Engineering, 5 (4), 157-167.
Wey, W. M., & Chiu, Y. H. (2013). Assessing the walkability of pedestrian environment under the transit-oriented development. Habitat International, 38, 106-118.
