تحلیل جغرافیایی بر نقش سرمایه اجتماعی در کیفیت زندگی خانوارهای عشایری ( مطالعه موردی: ایل نوئی، طایفه زیلایی، شهرستان چرام، کهکیلویه و بویراحمد)
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات برنامه ریزی شهری و منطقه ایسروش سنایی مقدم 1 , بهروز محمدی یگانه 2
1 - دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران
2 - دانشیار گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران
کلید واژه: اعتماد اجتماعی, توسعه انسانی, مشارکت, انسجام اجتماعی, استان کهگیلویه و بویراحمد,
چکیده مقاله :
جوامع عشایری به‌عنوان جامعه سوم کشور از نظر جمعیتی بعد از جوامع شهری و روستایی، نقش مهم و بسزایی در توسعه اقتصادی، اجتماعی و فرهنگی کشور دارد. وجود سرمایه اجتماعی می‌باشد. وجود سرمایه اجتماعی مطلوب در این جوامع بر جنبه های مختلف زندگی عشایر تاثیرگذار بوده که یکی از این جنبه ها کیفیت زندگی است. سؤالی که در این زمینه مطرح می‌شود این است، بین سرمایه اجتماعی و کیفیت زندگی در نواحی عشایری موردمطالعه چه رابطه‌ای وجود دارد؟ هدف پژوهش حاضر تحلیل جغرافیایی بر نقش سرمایه اجتماعی در کیفیت زندگی خانوارهای عشایری در محدوده مورد مطالعه می‌باشد. روشتحقیق توصیفی- تحلیلی می‌باشد. نوع تحقیق کاربردی می‌باشد روش گردآوری اطلاعات به‌صورت کتاب‌خانه‌ای و میدانی (پرسشنامه و مصاحبه)، جهت تجزیه‌وتحلیل اطلاعات از آمار توصیفی (میانگین، انحراف معیار و واریانس) و آمار استنباطی (ضریب همبستگی، تحلیل مسیر و کای دو) استفاده‌شده است. جامعه آماری تحقیق، تمامی خانوارهای عشایر ایل نوئی می‌باشد، در سرشماری نفوس و مسکن سال 1390، ایل نوئی دارای 7 روستای دارای سکنه، 4450 نفر جمعیت و 1105 خانوار بوده است. طبق فرمول کوکران، تعداد نمونه لازم جهت تکمیل پرسشنامه 138 خانوار به دست آمد. همچنین انتخاب خانوارها در سطح عشایر، به‌صورت تصادفی ساده است تا اصل فرصت برابر به‌منظور انتخاب خانوارها رعایت شده باشد. نتایج تحقیق نشان می دهد بین سرمایه اجتماعی و کیفیت زندگی خانوارهای عشایر رابطه مستقیم و معنی داری وجود دارد. بررسی ها نشان می دهد، وجود مشارکت اجتماعی که در غالب مراسم های مختلف انجام می شود مهم ترین بعد سرمایه اجتماعی موثر بر کیفیت زندگی خانوارهای عشایر می باشد.
Tribal communities as a third community of the country has a significant role in the development of economic, social and cultural development of the country, in terms of population after urban and rural communities. The existence of favorable social capital in these communities has affected on the various aspects of tribal life which one of these aspects is the quality of life. The question that arises in this regard is what is the relationship between social capital and quality of life in tribal areas? The objective of this study is the Geographical analysis of the social capital role in the tribal households' quality of life within the studied area. The method of this study was descriptive-analytical and its type is applied. Data collection was done through field study and library (questionnaire and interview). For data analysis, descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation and variance) and inferential statistics (correlation Coefficient, regression analysis, and chi-square) were used. The population of this study were all tribal families of Il-Noei. In population and housing census in 2011, Il-Noei had 7 inhabited villages, 4450 population and 1105 households. Based on Cochran formula, the number of 138 required samples were obtained to complete the questionnaire of households. Also selection of the tribal households, was simply randomly till principle of equal opportunity for selection of households to be observed. The results of the research show that there is a direct and significant relationship between the social capital and the quality of life of the tribal families. Studies show that the existence of social participation, which is performed at various ceremonies, is the most important dimension of social capital affecting the tribal households' quality of life.
Akbari, A. (2004). Investigating the Impact of Social Capital on Social- Political Participation, M.A Thesis, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tehran. (In Persian)
Aman allahi baharvand, S. (1991). nomads in Iran. TEHRAN, Institute of publication Tehran University. (In Persian)
Amini, M. (2006). Indices of quality of life citizens and the role and functions of government, Seventh International Conference of Quality Managers, International Conference of the meeting, Tehran.(In Persian)
Arbab, E. (2011). Function of Social Capital in Sustainable Urban Development. Case: Zahedan City (Iran). Master Program in Sustainable Development, Uppsala University,/Institutionen för geovetenskaper, May 2011. uu.diva-portal. Org /smash/ get/diva2:453289/FULLTEXT01.
Azkia, M., & Firoozabadi, M., (2004). Social capital and its role in manufacturing organizations. Sociological Iran Journal, 20, 49-72. (In Persian)
Badri, S.A, Ramazan nezhad, Y., & Estehkam, H. (2014). Assessment Factors affecting the social capital in rural settlements Islam. geography and environmental sustainability,Vol. 4,)12(, 13-26. (In Persian)
Bartlett,W, cipusheva,H, nikolov,M, shukarov,M (2010), The Quality of Life and Regional Development in FYR Macedonia, Croatian Economic Survey, Vol. 12. Pp. 131-162.
Carr, A. J., Thompson, P. W., & Kirwan, J. R. (1996). Quality of Life Measures. British Journal of Rheumatology,vol. 35)3(, 275-281.
Coleman, J. S. (2002). Social capital in the creation of human capital. In Calhoun, C. and Others: Contemporary Sociological Theory. Oxford Blackwell. 110-125.
Collados, C., & Duane, T. P. (1999). Analysis natural capital quality of life: a model for evaluating the sustainability of alternative regional development paths. Ecological Economics, vol.2(8), 441-460.
Das, D. (2008). Urban quality of life: a case study of Guwahati. Social Indicators Research, 88 (2), 297-310.
Dehghani, A., Sydayy, S., & Shafaghi, S. (2012). assessment and to investigate the quality of life measures Centers Nomads. of tribes settlement Fars and Isfahan, applied research geographical sciences Journal, vol. 12 (27), 77-96. (In Persian)12
Dordick, G. (1997). Something left to lose: Personal relations and survival among. New York's homeless. Philadelphia:Temple University Press.
Farhadi, M. (2004). round table tribes and Iranian identity, national studies. Issue 1, Tehran, Institute of National Studies.pp 264-366. (In Persian)
Fukuyama, F. (1995). Trust: The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity. New York: Free Press, Chapter 9.
Granovetter, m. (1973). the strength of weak ties. Ameri canjournal of social capital logy 78: 1360-80-1995. The Economic sociology of firns and Entre preneurs. In Alegan dro portes, ed. The Economic sociology of firms and Entrepreneurs. In Alegandro portes, ed., the E conomic sociology of immigration: Essayson net works, Ethicity, and Enter.
Grgi, I., Zimbrek, T., Tratnik, M., Markovina, J., & Jura, J. (2010). Quality of life in rural areas of Croatia: To stay or to leave? African Journal of Agricultural Research, 653-660.
Jajarmi, K., & Kalteh, A. (2006). The assessment of the quality of life of citizens in the city, [In Persian], Gonbad-e Qabus case study. of Geography and Development Journal,vol.12(8), 5-18.
Jamshidi, A., Sydayy, S., Jamshidi, M., & Gemini, D. (2013). Analysis of the impact on the family economy of the tribal areas of women's employment Case study: Nomads city Chradavl, Regional Planning Journal,vol.3. (12), 83-92. (In Persian)3
Jomehepour, M., & Rshnody, B. (2011). the role of small towns in rural development with emphasis on quality of life. Rural Development Quarterly, 3 (1), 45-64.(In Persian)
Kamp, I, K. Van., Leidehmeijer, K., Marsman, G., & de Hollander, A. (2003). Urabn environmental quality and human wellbeing: Toerads a conceptual framework and demarcation of concepts. a literature stady, Landscape and Urban Planning, 65 (5-18)
Khakipour, L., barani, H., Darijani, A., & Creamyan, R. (2011). to investigate the proportion of household income nomadic grazing, Case Study: WatershedHomian, Rangeland Journal, 5 (4), 430-437. (In Persian)
Khmer, G.A., Esmaeilzadeh Kwaki, A., & Brat pour, A. (2011). to evaluate the spatial distribution of social capital in urban areas, using topsis and gis. geographic studies arid areas, the first year, 1 (5), 95-110. (In Persian)
Lotfi, K. (2014). Nomadic livestock breeding. livestock and agro-industry magazine, 183, 68. (In Persian)
McGillivray, M. ( 2007). Human Well-Being, Concept and Measurement, Palgrave MacMillan, New York.
Nomads Affairs Organization of Iran. (1990). examining the definitions and concepts tribal Words. No. 11, Quarterly tribal reserves revolution, Tehran tribal publications. (In Persian)
Nomads Affairs Organization of Iran. (2005). Proceedings of the Conference organized tribal society of Iran. Tehran. (In Persian)
North, Dougless C. (1990). institution, institutional change and, Economic performance. New York canbridge university press.
oliyaei, E. (1990). Socio-economic to investigate the tribe’s settlement. Proceedings of the Seminar on Development Strategy of life of nomads, the nomads of Iran publications. (In Persian)
Pacione, M. (2003). Urban environmental quality and human wellbeing: a social geographical perspective. Landscape and Urban Planning. No. 65(1). 19-30.
Papali Yazdi, M., Rajabi Snajrdy, H. (2011). theories and around the city. Tehran, research organizations and universities Humanities Textbooks (samt) .(In Persian)
Parker, J, S., & Moore, R.H. (2008). Consernation use and quality of life in rural community: an extension of Goldschmidt findings Southern rural sociology, Vpl 23.
Parker, J. S., & Moore, R. H. (2008). Conservation use and quality of life in rural community: an extension of Goldschmidt’s findings. Southern Rural Sociology, 23 (1), 235-236.
Patrick, R. (2002). Developing sustaiablility indicators for residential areas. The publictransit connection, Simon Fraser University, United State.
Pukeliene, V., Viktorija S. (2009). Quality of life: Factors Determining its Measurement Complexity. Inzinerine Economika- Engineering Economics, 147-156.
Pukeliene, V., & Viktorija S. (2010). Quality of life Concepts. Measurement and challenges, SISTEMINIAI TYRIMAI.
Putnam, R., & Goss, Kristin, A. (2002). Introduction in Putnam, Robert, Democracy in Flu. The Evaluation of Social capital in Contemporary Society, Oxford University press.
Rana,AK,wahlin.A,Lundborg,Cs,kabir,ZN. (2009). Impact of health education on health-related quality of life among elderly persons: result from a community-based intervention study in rural Bangladesh, Health promotion International, Vol. 24 No 1.pp36-45.
Rawls, J. (1972). Theory of Justice: reply to lyons and yeitelman. The journal of philosophy, 69 (18), sixty- ninth Annual Meeting of the America philosophical Estern Pivision (oct.5, 1972) 556-557.
Riahi, V., Ahmed, R., & Azmi., A. (2012). the role of settlements projects in the social and economic development of tribes, centers of resettlement of nomads kohgiloyeh. Research Applied Sciences, Geography, 13 (28), 95-112. (In Persian)
Ring, J., Peredo, A., & Chrisman, J. (2010). Business Networks and Economic Development in Rural Communities in the United States. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, vol.34,1, 171-195.
Roknedin Eftekhari, A.R., Fatahi, A., & Haji pour, M. (2011). to evaluate the spatial distribution of the quality of life in rural areas of the central city Delfan. Rural Research,2, 69-94. (In Persian)
Rostami, F., Aliabad, V., & Baghaei, S. (2013). the role of member organizations in rural areas the level of social capital and quality of life. of Spatial Economic and Rural Development Journa, 2 (4), 1-14. (In Persian)
Runicima, W.G. (1972). Relative Depritation and Social Justic. U.K
Salmani, M., Ramzanzadeh lasboei, M., & Jalili parvaneh, Z. ( 2008). The dimensions of social capital (20 civil participation, social interaction and trust) in rural development (Case study: villages, orchards and Brvn- city Paradise). Of Geography and regional development Journal, 12, 45-23, 23-45. (In Persian)
Shater, M., Sadeghei, H. (2012). analyzed the socio-economic effects of the spontaneous settlements of nomads, the nomads section dehdaz city Izeh. spatial planning specialist journal, 2 (2), 128 -105. (In Persian)
Shekoor, A., Tabibi, H., Bagher zadeh, M., & Vahed pour, Gh. (2013). assessment of social and economic factors affecting tribes settlement in Fars province. Quarterly regional planning,vol.3. 9, 1-11. (In Persian)
Suzuki, E., Takao, S., Subramanian, SV., Kumatsu, H., Doi, H., &، Kawachi, I. (2010). Does low work place social capital have detrimental effect on worker’s health? Social science and Medicine,vol.9, 70, 1367-1372.
Sydayy, S. (2010). to investigate the fundamental issues of tribes settlement offer scientific solutions and practical case study bakan, Gol Afshan and Qrab. of Geographical Research Journal,vol.5. 97, 139-166. (In Persian)
The Statistical Center of Iran. (2008). census socio - economic nomads, the detailed results of the country, Tehran: Iran Statistics Center.
The Statistical Center of Iran. (2011). Identity of the inhabitant of the country, city kohgiluyeh in. Tehran: Iran's statistics center.
United Nations. (2007). Indicators sustainable development: Guidelines and Methodologies. third edition, New York.
World Develop ment. (1996). Government action, social capital and development: Reviewing the evidence on synergy, 1119-1132.
_||_Akbari, A. (2004). Investigating the Impact of Social Capital on Social- Political Participation, M.A Thesis, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tehran. (In Persian)
Aman allahi baharvand, S. (1991). nomads in Iran. TEHRAN, Institute of publication Tehran University. (In Persian)
Amini, M. (2006). Indices of quality of life citizens and the role and functions of government, Seventh International Conference of Quality Managers, International Conference of the meeting, Tehran.(In Persian)
Arbab, E. (2011). Function of Social Capital in Sustainable Urban Development. Case: Zahedan City (Iran). Master Program in Sustainable Development, Uppsala University,/Institutionen för geovetenskaper, May 2011. uu.diva-portal. Org /smash/ get/diva2:453289/FULLTEXT01.
Azkia, M., & Firoozabadi, M., (2004). Social capital and its role in manufacturing organizations. Sociological Iran Journal, 20, 49-72. (In Persian)
Badri, S.A, Ramazan nezhad, Y., & Estehkam, H. (2014). Assessment Factors affecting the social capital in rural settlements Islam. geography and environmental sustainability,Vol. 4,)12(, 13-26. (In Persian)
Bartlett,W, cipusheva,H, nikolov,M, shukarov,M (2010), The Quality of Life and Regional Development in FYR Macedonia, Croatian Economic Survey, Vol. 12. Pp. 131-162.
Carr, A. J., Thompson, P. W., & Kirwan, J. R. (1996). Quality of Life Measures. British Journal of Rheumatology,vol. 35)3(, 275-281.
Coleman, J. S. (2002). Social capital in the creation of human capital. In Calhoun, C. and Others: Contemporary Sociological Theory. Oxford Blackwell. 110-125.
Collados, C., & Duane, T. P. (1999). Analysis natural capital quality of life: a model for evaluating the sustainability of alternative regional development paths. Ecological Economics, vol.2(8), 441-460.
Das, D. (2008). Urban quality of life: a case study of Guwahati. Social Indicators Research, 88 (2), 297-310.
Dehghani, A., Sydayy, S., & Shafaghi, S. (2012). assessment and to investigate the quality of life measures Centers Nomads. of tribes settlement Fars and Isfahan, applied research geographical sciences Journal, vol. 12 (27), 77-96. (In Persian)12
Dordick, G. (1997). Something left to lose: Personal relations and survival among. New York's homeless. Philadelphia:Temple University Press.
Farhadi, M. (2004). round table tribes and Iranian identity, national studies. Issue 1, Tehran, Institute of National Studies.pp 264-366. (In Persian)
Fukuyama, F. (1995). Trust: The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity. New York: Free Press, Chapter 9.
Granovetter, m. (1973). the strength of weak ties. Ameri canjournal of social capital logy 78: 1360-80-1995. The Economic sociology of firns and Entre preneurs. In Alegan dro portes, ed. The Economic sociology of firms and Entrepreneurs. In Alegandro portes, ed., the E conomic sociology of immigration: Essayson net works, Ethicity, and Enter.
Grgi, I., Zimbrek, T., Tratnik, M., Markovina, J., & Jura, J. (2010). Quality of life in rural areas of Croatia: To stay or to leave? African Journal of Agricultural Research, 653-660.
Jajarmi, K., & Kalteh, A. (2006). The assessment of the quality of life of citizens in the city, [In Persian], Gonbad-e Qabus case study. of Geography and Development Journal,vol.12(8), 5-18.
Jamshidi, A., Sydayy, S., Jamshidi, M., & Gemini, D. (2013). Analysis of the impact on the family economy of the tribal areas of women's employment Case study: Nomads city Chradavl, Regional Planning Journal,vol.3. (12), 83-92. (In Persian)3
Jomehepour, M., & Rshnody, B. (2011). the role of small towns in rural development with emphasis on quality of life. Rural Development Quarterly, 3 (1), 45-64.(In Persian)
Kamp, I, K. Van., Leidehmeijer, K., Marsman, G., & de Hollander, A. (2003). Urabn environmental quality and human wellbeing: Toerads a conceptual framework and demarcation of concepts. a literature stady, Landscape and Urban Planning, 65 (5-18)
Khakipour, L., barani, H., Darijani, A., & Creamyan, R. (2011). to investigate the proportion of household income nomadic grazing, Case Study: WatershedHomian, Rangeland Journal, 5 (4), 430-437. (In Persian)
Khmer, G.A., Esmaeilzadeh Kwaki, A., & Brat pour, A. (2011). to evaluate the spatial distribution of social capital in urban areas, using topsis and gis. geographic studies arid areas, the first year, 1 (5), 95-110. (In Persian)
Lotfi, K. (2014). Nomadic livestock breeding. livestock and agro-industry magazine, 183, 68. (In Persian)
McGillivray, M. ( 2007). Human Well-Being, Concept and Measurement, Palgrave MacMillan, New York.
Nomads Affairs Organization of Iran. (1990). examining the definitions and concepts tribal Words. No. 11, Quarterly tribal reserves revolution, Tehran tribal publications. (In Persian)
Nomads Affairs Organization of Iran. (2005). Proceedings of the Conference organized tribal society of Iran. Tehran. (In Persian)
North, Dougless C. (1990). institution, institutional change and, Economic performance. New York canbridge university press.
oliyaei, E. (1990). Socio-economic to investigate the tribe’s settlement. Proceedings of the Seminar on Development Strategy of life of nomads, the nomads of Iran publications. (In Persian)
Pacione, M. (2003). Urban environmental quality and human wellbeing: a social geographical perspective. Landscape and Urban Planning. No. 65(1). 19-30.
Papali Yazdi, M., Rajabi Snajrdy, H. (2011). theories and around the city. Tehran, research organizations and universities Humanities Textbooks (samt) .(In Persian)
Parker, J, S., & Moore, R.H. (2008). Consernation use and quality of life in rural community: an extension of Goldschmidt findings Southern rural sociology, Vpl 23.
Parker, J. S., & Moore, R. H. (2008). Conservation use and quality of life in rural community: an extension of Goldschmidt’s findings. Southern Rural Sociology, 23 (1), 235-236.
Patrick, R. (2002). Developing sustaiablility indicators for residential areas. The publictransit connection, Simon Fraser University, United State.
Pukeliene, V., Viktorija S. (2009). Quality of life: Factors Determining its Measurement Complexity. Inzinerine Economika- Engineering Economics, 147-156.
Pukeliene, V., & Viktorija S. (2010). Quality of life Concepts. Measurement and challenges, SISTEMINIAI TYRIMAI.
Putnam, R., & Goss, Kristin, A. (2002). Introduction in Putnam, Robert, Democracy in Flu. The Evaluation of Social capital in Contemporary Society, Oxford University press.
Rana,AK,wahlin.A,Lundborg,Cs,kabir,ZN. (2009). Impact of health education on health-related quality of life among elderly persons: result from a community-based intervention study in rural Bangladesh, Health promotion International, Vol. 24 No 1.pp36-45.
Rawls, J. (1972). Theory of Justice: reply to lyons and yeitelman. The journal of philosophy, 69 (18), sixty- ninth Annual Meeting of the America philosophical Estern Pivision (oct.5, 1972) 556-557.
Riahi, V., Ahmed, R., & Azmi., A. (2012). the role of settlements projects in the social and economic development of tribes, centers of resettlement of nomads kohgiloyeh. Research Applied Sciences, Geography, 13 (28), 95-112. (In Persian)
Ring, J., Peredo, A., & Chrisman, J. (2010). Business Networks and Economic Development in Rural Communities in the United States. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, vol.34,1, 171-195.
Roknedin Eftekhari, A.R., Fatahi, A., & Haji pour, M. (2011). to evaluate the spatial distribution of the quality of life in rural areas of the central city Delfan. Rural Research,2, 69-94. (In Persian)
Rostami, F., Aliabad, V., & Baghaei, S. (2013). the role of member organizations in rural areas the level of social capital and quality of life. of Spatial Economic and Rural Development Journa, 2 (4), 1-14. (In Persian)
Runicima, W.G. (1972). Relative Depritation and Social Justic. U.K
Salmani, M., Ramzanzadeh lasboei, M., & Jalili parvaneh, Z. ( 2008). The dimensions of social capital (20 civil participation, social interaction and trust) in rural development (Case study: villages, orchards and Brvn- city Paradise). Of Geography and regional development Journal, 12, 45-23, 23-45. (In Persian)
Shater, M., Sadeghei, H. (2012). analyzed the socio-economic effects of the spontaneous settlements of nomads, the nomads section dehdaz city Izeh. spatial planning specialist journal, 2 (2), 128 -105. (In Persian)
Shekoor, A., Tabibi, H., Bagher zadeh, M., & Vahed pour, Gh. (2013). assessment of social and economic factors affecting tribes settlement in Fars province. Quarterly regional planning,vol.3. 9, 1-11. (In Persian)
Suzuki, E., Takao, S., Subramanian, SV., Kumatsu, H., Doi, H., &، Kawachi, I. (2010). Does low work place social capital have detrimental effect on worker’s health? Social science and Medicine,vol.9, 70, 1367-1372.
Sydayy, S. (2010). to investigate the fundamental issues of tribes settlement offer scientific solutions and practical case study bakan, Gol Afshan and Qrab. of Geographical Research Journal,vol.5. 97, 139-166. (In Persian)
The Statistical Center of Iran. (2008). census socio - economic nomads, the detailed results of the country, Tehran: Iran Statistics Center.
The Statistical Center of Iran. (2011). Identity of the inhabitant of the country, city kohgiluyeh in. Tehran: Iran's statistics center.
United Nations. (2007). Indicators sustainable development: Guidelines and Methodologies. third edition, New York.
World Develop ment. (1996). Government action, social capital and development: Reviewing the evidence on synergy, 1119-1132.
