ارزیابی حمایت ساکنین روستاهای هدف گردشگری بر توسعه گردشگری پایدار (مطالعه موردی: روستاهای درسجین و گلابر، استان زنجان)
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات برنامه ریزی شهری و منطقه ای
احمد رومیانی
1
(دانشجوی دکترای جغرافیا، عضو باشگاه پژوهشگران و نخبگان، واحد خرم آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، خرم آباد، ایران)
خدیجه عباس رشید
2
(دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، مدیریت اقتصادی، واحد زنجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، زنجان، ایران)
فریدون خادم
3
(استادیار گروه اقتصاد، واحد زنجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، زنجان، ایران)
کلید واژه: توسعه گردشگری پایدار, روستاهای درسجین و گلابر, روستاهای هدف, توسعه اقتصادی و اجتماعی,
چکیده مقاله :
گردشگری یکی از فعالیت های اقتصادی، اجتماعی انکارناپذیر دنیای کنونی جوامع بشری است. این فعالیت پاسخی به نیازهای درونی انسان ها جهت تمدد اعصاب، استراحت، آشنایی با فرهنگ ها و بهره مندی از زیبایی های طبیعـی و بکر است. یکی از زیرشاخه های صنعت گردشگری، گردشگری روستایی می باشد که با توجه به ظرفیت های طبیعی و فرهنگی موجود در روستاها، می تواند نقش مهمی در تجدید حیات روستاها، ایجاد اشتغال و درآمد بر روستاییان، حفاظت از میراث طبیعی، تاریخی و فرهنگی و در نهایت توسعه یکپارچه و پایدار روستایی داشته باشد. هدف از این پژوهش تحلیل اثرات حمایت ساکنین روستاهای هدف گردشگری بر توسعه گردشگری پایدار در دو روستای درسجین و گلابر در استان زنجان می باشد. نوع تحقیق کاربردی و از نظر ماهیت توصیفی- تحلیلی است و برای گردآوری داده ها از روش های کتابخانه ای و میدانی (پرسش نامه، مشاهده) استفاده شده است. جامعه آماری این تحقیق در دو روستای هدف گردشگری در نظر گرفته شده است، که براساس سرشماری سال 1390 ، 2825 نفر جمعیت برآورد شده است و طبق فرمول کوکران290 پرسش نامه به صورت تصادفی بین مردم روستاهای نمونه توزیع و پخش گردیده است. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها از آزمون های(t تک نمونه ای، همبستگی) و مدل لیزرل بهره گرفته شده است. یافته های این تحقیق نشان داد که بین شاخص های وابستگی اجتماعی، هزینه های دریافت شده، مشارکت اجتماعی و منافع دریافت شده با حمایت ساکنان از توسعه پایدار گردشگری رابطه معنادار و مثبتی وجود دارد به طوری که حمایت ساکنان از گردشگری پایدار در روستاهای نمونه مورد مطالعه به صورت مثبت، زمینه را برای پایداری مناطق روستاهای هدف گردشگری و کیفیت زندگی مردم فراهم کرده است.
One of the undeniable economic and social facts in human societies is tourism. It is an activity that is accomplished as a response to human being’s inner needs to have relaxation, know various cultures and enjoy natural mint attractions. Rural tourism is one of its subdivisions that can play an important role on rehabilitating villages, reinforcing employment and the residents’ income, protecting natural, historical and cultural heritage and finally causing a sustainable and uniform rural development based on the cultural and natural capacities of the rural districts. Along this, the present research aimed to study the effect of the residents’ support of developing sustainable tourism in Darsajin and Golabar rural districts, located in Abhar and Ijrod counties, respectively. The present research is of an applied type in which descriptive analytical approach is implemented. To gather the required data, Desk work (library) and field work research methods (questionnaire –observation) were used. Statistical population of the present study is composed of residents of the two target rural districts ( Darsajin and Golabar) that was estimated 2825 people based on the census done in 2011.Having applied Cochran formula, 290 questionnaires were distributed randomly among the people who were living in the rural districts. In order to analyze the data (one-sample t-test, multivariate regression, correlation tests) and Lisrel model were utilized. Findings indicated that there is significant relationship between social dependency indices, costs received, social participation, benefits received and the residents’ support of developing tourism industry. Moreover, it was represented that supporting the sustainable tourism in the sample districts by residents had positive and direct effects on tourism growth and improved the quality of the residents’ life.
Afarinsh, B. (2010). The attitude and the attitude of rural residents towards tourism development case study: the city of Abhar Soltanieh rural areas. Master’s thesis (Department of Geography and Rural Planning).(In Persian)
Aligholizadi Firouzjai N., & Ghanbarzadeh, A. (2015). the evaluation of rural residents support the development of rural tourism Mnaq forest and its determinants, Tourism Planning and Development Magazine, 14 (15), 118-170.(In Persian)
Aligholizadi Firouzjai, N., Ramezandadeh Lsboviy, M., & Esmaeili, M. (2014), measuring the attitudes and trends Mizab community to develop tourism in rural areas and desert wilderness areas (Case Study: city Khoor rural areas), Geographic studies dry, 5 (14), 53-37.(In Persian)
Aligholizadi Firouzjai, N. (2008). The effects of tourism on economic, environmental and rural areas. Case Study: Rural areas of the central city of Noshahr doctoral thesis Geography and Rural Planning, Tehran University.(In Persian)
Azmi, A., & Rezlansar, A. (2014). Aimed at measuring the impact of tourism on the development of tourism in rural villages and monasteries city DA sword. Journal of Applied Research in Geographical Sciences, 34 (1), 232-215.(In Persian)
Boley, B., Bynum, et al. (2014). Empowerment and resident attitudes toward tourism: Strengthening the theoretical foundation through a Weberian lens. Annals of Tourism Research, 49, 33-50.
Bouzarjomehri, Kh., & Mawdudi Arkhud, M. (2015). A comparative assessment of different potential target rural tourism in Golestan province. Human Settlement Planning Studies, 10 (31), 13-1.(In Persian)
Butler Richard Hall, C. M., & Jenkins, J. (1998). Tourism and recreation in rural areas.
Byrd, E., Bosley, H., & Dronberger, M. (2009). Comparisons of stakeholder perceptions of tourism impacts in rural eastern North Carolina. Tourism Management, 30 (1), 693-703.
Choi, H. C., & Murray, I. (2010). Resident attitudes toward sustainable community tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 18(4), 575-594
Dyer, P., Gursoy, D., Sharma, B., & Carter, J. (2007). Structural modeling of resident perceptions of tourism and associated development on the Sunshine Coast, Australia. Tourism Management, 28 (2), 409-422
Eagles, P. F. J., McCool, S. F., & Haynes, C. F. (2002). Sustainable tourism in protected areas: Guidelines for planning and management. Gland, Switzerland: International Union for the Conservation of Nature.
Elisabete, F. and Raschi, A., (2013). Trekking out of the crisis: is there a role for rural tourism? Working group number: 17, XXV ESRS Congeress, Florence, 29 July- 1 August 2013. http://www.florenceesrs2013.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/17WG.pdf.
Filo, Kevin R., Daniel C. Funk., & Danny O,’B. (2008). It’s really not about the bike: Exploring attraction and attachment to the events of the Lance Armstrong Foundation. Journal of Sport Management, 22 (5), 501-525.
Gracan, D. Zadel, Z., & Birin, N. (2010). Camping tourism With the purpose of Lengthening the tourism in Croatian tourism. Tourism & Hospitality, 106-119.
Gursoy, D., & Kendall, K.W. (2006). Hosting mega events e modeling locals’ support. Annals of Tourism Research, 33(3), 603-623.
Gursoy, D., & Rutherford, D. G. (2004). Host attitudes toward tourism e an improved structural model. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(3), 495-516.
Gursoy, D., Jurowski, C., & Uysal, M. (2002). Resident attitudes e a structural modeling approach. Annals of Tourism Research, 29(1), 79-105.
Latifi, S., Nari M, Karim Zlykhayy Mobile, L. (2012). Obstacles affecting the development of tourism activities in the rural areas of the province, with an emphasis on tourism villages. Journal of Regional Planning, 3 (2), 77-87. (In Persian)
Lee, C. K., Kang, S. K., Long, P., & Reisinger, Y. (2010). Residents’ perceptions of casino impacts: a comparative study. Tourism Management, 31(2), 189-201.
Lee, Ch. Ch.., & Chang, Ch. P. (2008). Tourism development and economic growth: a closer look at panels. Journal of Tourism Management. 29 (1), 180 - 192.
Lee, T.H. (2013). Influence analysis of community resident support for sustainable tourism development, ELSEVIER. Tourism Management, Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect, Tourism Management 34 (2013) 37-46, journal homepage: www.Elsevier.com/locate/tourman
Lepp, A. (2007). Residents’ attitudes towards tourism in Bigodi village, Uganda. Tourism management, 28 (3), 876-885.
Rahimi, D., laboring Dstnany, M. (2012). Assess and prioritize ecotourism attractions (tourism target villages in the province of Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiari). Urban and Regional Studies and Research, 4 (14), 131, 150.(In Persian)
Rezvani, M. (2008). The development of rural tourism. Tehran: Tehran University Press.
Robin Nunkoo-University of Waterloo, Canada-Dogan Gursoy-Washington State University, USA (doi:10.1016/j.annals.2011.05.006) RESIDENTS’ SUPPORT FOR TOURISM An Identity Perspective
Roumiani, A. (2013). Evaluation of the role of capital flows in developing urban-rural Paydargrdshgry Case Study: Rural fence Age, the city of Bouin Zahra. Geography and Rural Planning Master's thesis, University of Zanjan.(In Persian)
Rukn alDin Aftkhari, A.R., & Mahdavi, D., & Pourtaheri, M. (2010). The process of naturalizing indicators of sustainable development of rural tourism in Iran. Rural Studies, 1(4), 41-1.(In Persian)
Sebele, L. S. (2010). Community-based tourism ventures, benefits and challenges: Khama Rhino Sanctuary Trust, Central District, Botswana. Tourism Management, 31, 136-146.
Taylor, G. (1995). The community approach: does it really work? Tourism Management, 16 (7), 487-489.
Vargas-Sánchez, A., Porras-Bueno, N., & de los Ángeles Plaza-Mejía, M. (2011). Explaining residents’ attitudes to tourism: Is a universal model possible? Annals of Tourism Research, 38 (2), 460-480.
Wager, J. (1995). Developing a strategy for the Angkor world heritage site. Tourism Management, 16 (7), 515-523.
Williams, J. M., Muldoon, J., & Lawrence, A. (2010). Children and their pets: exploring the relationships between pet ownership, pet attitudes, attachment to pets and empathy. Education and Health, 28 (1), 12-15.
_||_Afarinsh, B. (2010). The attitude and the attitude of rural residents towards tourism development case study: the city of Abhar Soltanieh rural areas. Master’s thesis (Department of Geography and Rural Planning).(In Persian)
Aligholizadi Firouzjai N., & Ghanbarzadeh, A. (2015). the evaluation of rural residents support the development of rural tourism Mnaq forest and its determinants, Tourism Planning and Development Magazine, 14 (15), 118-170.(In Persian)
Aligholizadi Firouzjai, N., Ramezandadeh Lsboviy, M., & Esmaeili, M. (2014), measuring the attitudes and trends Mizab community to develop tourism in rural areas and desert wilderness areas (Case Study: city Khoor rural areas), Geographic studies dry, 5 (14), 53-37.(In Persian)
Aligholizadi Firouzjai, N. (2008). The effects of tourism on economic, environmental and rural areas. Case Study: Rural areas of the central city of Noshahr doctoral thesis Geography and Rural Planning, Tehran University.(In Persian)
Azmi, A., & Rezlansar, A. (2014). Aimed at measuring the impact of tourism on the development of tourism in rural villages and monasteries city DA sword. Journal of Applied Research in Geographical Sciences, 34 (1), 232-215.(In Persian)
Boley, B., Bynum, et al. (2014). Empowerment and resident attitudes toward tourism: Strengthening the theoretical foundation through a Weberian lens. Annals of Tourism Research, 49, 33-50.
Bouzarjomehri, Kh., & Mawdudi Arkhud, M. (2015). A comparative assessment of different potential target rural tourism in Golestan province. Human Settlement Planning Studies, 10 (31), 13-1.(In Persian)
Butler Richard Hall, C. M., & Jenkins, J. (1998). Tourism and recreation in rural areas.
Byrd, E., Bosley, H., & Dronberger, M. (2009). Comparisons of stakeholder perceptions of tourism impacts in rural eastern North Carolina. Tourism Management, 30 (1), 693-703.
Choi, H. C., & Murray, I. (2010). Resident attitudes toward sustainable community tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 18(4), 575-594
Dyer, P., Gursoy, D., Sharma, B., & Carter, J. (2007). Structural modeling of resident perceptions of tourism and associated development on the Sunshine Coast, Australia. Tourism Management, 28 (2), 409-422
Eagles, P. F. J., McCool, S. F., & Haynes, C. F. (2002). Sustainable tourism in protected areas: Guidelines for planning and management. Gland, Switzerland: International Union for the Conservation of Nature.
Elisabete, F. and Raschi, A., (2013). Trekking out of the crisis: is there a role for rural tourism? Working group number: 17, XXV ESRS Congeress, Florence, 29 July- 1 August 2013. http://www.florenceesrs2013.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/17WG.pdf.
Filo, Kevin R., Daniel C. Funk., & Danny O,’B. (2008). It’s really not about the bike: Exploring attraction and attachment to the events of the Lance Armstrong Foundation. Journal of Sport Management, 22 (5), 501-525.
Gracan, D. Zadel, Z., & Birin, N. (2010). Camping tourism With the purpose of Lengthening the tourism in Croatian tourism. Tourism & Hospitality, 106-119.
Gursoy, D., & Kendall, K.W. (2006). Hosting mega events e modeling locals’ support. Annals of Tourism Research, 33(3), 603-623.
Gursoy, D., & Rutherford, D. G. (2004). Host attitudes toward tourism e an improved structural model. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(3), 495-516.
Gursoy, D., Jurowski, C., & Uysal, M. (2002). Resident attitudes e a structural modeling approach. Annals of Tourism Research, 29(1), 79-105.
Latifi, S., Nari M, Karim Zlykhayy Mobile, L. (2012). Obstacles affecting the development of tourism activities in the rural areas of the province, with an emphasis on tourism villages. Journal of Regional Planning, 3 (2), 77-87. (In Persian)
Lee, C. K., Kang, S. K., Long, P., & Reisinger, Y. (2010). Residents’ perceptions of casino impacts: a comparative study. Tourism Management, 31(2), 189-201.
Lee, Ch. Ch.., & Chang, Ch. P. (2008). Tourism development and economic growth: a closer look at panels. Journal of Tourism Management. 29 (1), 180 - 192.
Lee, T.H. (2013). Influence analysis of community resident support for sustainable tourism development, ELSEVIER. Tourism Management, Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect, Tourism Management 34 (2013) 37-46, journal homepage: www.Elsevier.com/locate/tourman
Lepp, A. (2007). Residents’ attitudes towards tourism in Bigodi village, Uganda. Tourism management, 28 (3), 876-885.
Rahimi, D., laboring Dstnany, M. (2012). Assess and prioritize ecotourism attractions (tourism target villages in the province of Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiari). Urban and Regional Studies and Research, 4 (14), 131, 150.(In Persian)
Rezvani, M. (2008). The development of rural tourism. Tehran: Tehran University Press.
Robin Nunkoo-University of Waterloo, Canada-Dogan Gursoy-Washington State University, USA (doi:10.1016/j.annals.2011.05.006) RESIDENTS’ SUPPORT FOR TOURISM An Identity Perspective
Roumiani, A. (2013). Evaluation of the role of capital flows in developing urban-rural Paydargrdshgry Case Study: Rural fence Age, the city of Bouin Zahra. Geography and Rural Planning Master's thesis, University of Zanjan.(In Persian)
Rukn alDin Aftkhari, A.R., & Mahdavi, D., & Pourtaheri, M. (2010). The process of naturalizing indicators of sustainable development of rural tourism in Iran. Rural Studies, 1(4), 41-1.(In Persian)
Sebele, L. S. (2010). Community-based tourism ventures, benefits and challenges: Khama Rhino Sanctuary Trust, Central District, Botswana. Tourism Management, 31, 136-146.
Taylor, G. (1995). The community approach: does it really work? Tourism Management, 16 (7), 487-489.
Vargas-Sánchez, A., Porras-Bueno, N., & de los Ángeles Plaza-Mejía, M. (2011). Explaining residents’ attitudes to tourism: Is a universal model possible? Annals of Tourism Research, 38 (2), 460-480.
Wager, J. (1995). Developing a strategy for the Angkor world heritage site. Tourism Management, 16 (7), 515-523.
Williams, J. M., Muldoon, J., & Lawrence, A. (2010). Children and their pets: exploring the relationships between pet ownership, pet attitudes, attachment to pets and empathy. Education and Health, 28 (1), 12-15.
