تعیین عوامل موثر در شکل گیری الگوهای سفرهای آموزشی (مطالعه موردی: سفرهای آموزشی دانش آموزان بیرجندی)
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات برنامه ریزی شهری و منطقه ای
رستم صابری فر
1
(دانشیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران)
کلید واژه: ترافیک, بیرجند, سفر آموزشی, جا به جایی پایدار, اتومبیل شخصی,
چکیده مقاله :
طبق اعلام مدیران شهری، اصلی ترین چالش شهر بیرجند در حال حاضر، مسئله ترافیک است و ظاهرا یکی از عوامل اساسی اثرگذار بر این روند، سفرهای آموزشی با وسیله نقلیه شخصی است. به این منظور، مطالعه حاضر در نظر دارد، الگوهای سفر آموزشی دانش آموزان شهر بیرجند را به شیوه توصیفی و تحلیلی بررسی نماید. داده های مورد نیاز با استفاده از بررسی های کتابخانه ای، اداری و میدانی گردآوری شد. برای تحلیل داده ها از آنالیز چند متغیره، آنالیز تطبیقی متعارفی و رگرسیون چند متغیره استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که مهمترین عامل زمینه ای مؤثر در الگوی سفرهای آموزشی غالب در بین عوامل محله ای، فاصله منزل تا مدرسه بوده و در بین عوامل فردی سن و جنس دانش آموز، تأثیر مهمتری بر عهده دارند. بر اساس یافته های این بررسی، توزیع مناسب مدارس، تعادل نسبی در کیفیت مدارس، تامین امنیت به طورکل و پیاده روها و مسیرهای دوچرخه سواری به طور خاص، در بهره مندی کمتر از اتومبیل شخصی و کاهش میزان سفرهای آموزشی وابسته به وسیله نقلیه شخصی و دستیابی به حالات سفر پایدار مؤثر است.
According to city administrators, the main challenge of the city of Birjand is currently the traffic issue, and apparently one of the main factors influencing this trend is educational trips with personal vehicles. For this purpose, the present study seeks to investigate the patterns of Birjand students' educational trips in an analytical and descriptive method. The required data were collected using library research, as well as administrative and field work. Multivariate analysis, canonical correspondence analysis and multivariate regression were used to analyze data. The results showed that the most important effective factors in prevailing trips patterns include the distance between home and school while student’s age and gender had the highest effects among personal factors. According to the findings of this survey, proper distribution of schools, the relative balance in the quality of schools, providing security in general, and particularly sidewalks and bike paths are effective in reducing the use of personal cars and educational trips taken by personal vehicles, while sustainable trips will be achieved.
Ahmadian, M. A. (1998). Geography of Birjand City. (2th Ed.). Mashhad: Astan Quds Razavi Publishing. (in Persian)
Banister. D., (2008). The sustainable mobility paradigm. Transport Policy, 15(2), 73-80.
Bert. V. W., (2007). Environmental effects of urban traffic, threats from car traffic. Elsevier, 8 (1), 24-32.
Birjand Education. (2017). Birjand Education Protection Circle. Birjand: Student Register Information for 2017. (in Persian)
Dellinger. A., and Staybtib. C., (2002). Barriers to children walking and bicycling to school. Morbidity and Mortality, 51, 701-704.
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). (2003). Travel and Environmental Implications of School Sitting, Environmental Protection Agency, 2(31), 71-82.
Ewing. R., Forinash. V., and Schroeer. W., (2005). Neighborhood Schools and Sidewalk Connections: What are the impacts on travel mode choice and vehicle emissions? TR News, 2(37), 4-10.
Gay. R., (1981), Educational research: competencies for analysis and application, Merrill publications. Columbus: OH.
Ghasemi. A. (2009). Development of General Policy in the Transportation Sector. Tehran: Secretariat of the Expediency Council. (in Persian)
Hadidinejad. M., (2018), Study and introduction of effective techniques in urban traffic management (case study of Birjand city). Master's Thesis of Payam e Noor University. Ferdows, Iran. (in Persian).
Hosseini. A., Bahrami. Y., Ghaderi Motlagh. A., (2014). Analysis of the effect of neighborhood functions on citizen's travel behavior (Case study, Rasht city). Human Geography Research, 46(3), 676-657. (in Persian)
Jacobs. J., (1961). The death and life of great American cities, New York: Random House.
Khaksari. A., (2003). Student Travels, Patterns and Strategies for their Control. Social Sciences, 22, 69-102. (in Persian)
Khalilinia. A. (2018). School Access Modes (Student Selection Guide), Mashhad: Education in Khorasan Razavi. (in Persian)
Krejeie. R.V., and Morgan. D.W., (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30, 603-613.
Larsen. K., Gilliland. J., Hess. P., Tucker. P., Irwin. J., and Meizi. H., (2009). The Influence of the Physical Environment and Socio-demographic Characteristics on Children's Mode of Travel to and From School. Environment and Socio-demographic, 12, 90-109.
Litman. T., (2016).The costs of automobile dependency and the benefits of balanced transportation. Journal of Victoria Transport Policy, 12 (2), 23-36.
Madanipour. A., (2003). Public and private spaces of the city. New York: Rutledge.
McDonald. N. C., (2007). Active transportation to school: trends among US school children, 1969–2001. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 32, 509–516.
McMillan. T. E., (2005). Urban form and a child’s trip to school: The Current Literature and a Framework for Future Research. Journal of Planning Literature, 19 (4), 440-456.
Ministry of Defense, Geographical Office of the Army. (1984). Geography Cultural Center of the Islamic Republic of Iran. J 76 (Birjand). Tehran: Geographical Office of the Army. (in Persian)
Muller. S., Tscharaktschiew. S., and Haase. K., (2008). Travel-to-school mode choice modeling and patterns of school choice in urban areas. Journal of Transport Geography, 16, 342–357.
O'Flaherty. C.A., (1996). Transport planning and traffic engineering. New York: Butterworth Heineman.
Planning and Budget Organization. (1995). 1/50000 map, Birjand County. Birjand: South Khorasan Governorate. (in Persian)
Ridgewella. C., Sipe. N., and Buchananc. N., (2009). School Travel Modes: Factors Influencing Parental Choice in Four Brisbane Schools. Urban Policy and Research, 27 (1), 43 – 57.
Saberifar. R. (1999). Review and analysis of urban land use planning (Case study, Mashhad city). PhD thesis of Tarbiat Modarres University. Tehran, Iran. (in Persian)
Saberifar. R., (2011). Study of Physical Development of Birjand with Environmental Hazards. Urban Ecology, 6, 93-103. (in Persian)
Shadab Mehr. H., (2009). Review of the contribution of pedestrians and cyclists to students' educational trips. Tehran: Traffic Organization of Tehran. (in Persian)
Shadab Mehr. H., (2018). Models of Prediction of Pedagogical Educational Trips of Students, Case Study of Mashhad. Geography of Space, 11, 1-18. (in Persian)
Soltani. A., and Zamiri. M., (2011). Investigation of School Students’ Travel Patterns, Two Case Areas of Mashhad, Iran. Modern Applied Science, 5 (5), 184-195.
Stark. M. (2000). Women and Globalization. Retrieved, 2(13), 2-155.
Steiner. L., (2011). How policy drives mode choice in children’s Transportation to school, physical activity through active transportation. Florida: xhibit.
Teral. M., (2017).The mode of Transportation to school. London: TRTI.
Tonkiss. F., (2015). Space, the city and social theory: social relations and urban forms. New York: Polity Press.
Ulfarsson. V., and Shankar. N., (2008). Children's travel to school: discrete choice modeling of correlated, motorized and non-motorized transportation modes using covariance heterogeneity, Environment and Planning. Planning and Design, 35, 195-206.
Weigand. L., (2008). A review of literature: The effectiveness of safe routes to school and other programs to promote active transportation to school, center for transportation studies. Portland: University of Portland.
_||_