رتبه‌بندی شاخص‌های تعیین محدوده بافت‌های ناکارآمد میانی شهری (مطالعه موردی: شهر رشت)

محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات برنامه ریزی شهری و منطقه ای

محمد صفری ¹ (دانشجوی دکتری، گروه شهرسازی، واحد نجف آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف آباد، ایران)
محمود محمدی ² (استاد مدعو، گروه شهرسازی، واحد نجف آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف آباد، ایران، دانشیارگروه شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران)
امیرحسین شبانی ³ (استادیار گروه شهرسازی، واحد نجف آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف‌آباد، ایران)
زهرا فنایی ⁴ (استادیار گروه پژوهش هنر، واحد نجف آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف آباد، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1399/04/06 تاریخ پذیرش : 1399/10/13 تاریخ انتشار : 1401/06/01

کلید واژه: مدل تاپسیس, رشت, بافت‌های ناکارآمد میانی‌, شاخص سازی,

چکیده مقاله :

بر اساس مصوبه شورای عالی شهرسازی و معماری ایران (1384)، فرسودگی در نواحی شهری "کاهش کارایی" یک بافت نسبت به سایر بافت‌های شهر معرفی گردید و در مصوبه سال 1385، تنها به سه شاخص ناپایداری، نفوذناپذیری و ریزدانگی اکتفا شد. اما بررسی‌ها، نقاط ضعف کمی و کیفی در تعیین این شاخص‌ها را شناسایی نموده‌اند. پژوهش حاضر با هدف اصلی رتبهبندی شاخصهای تعیین محدوده بافتهای ناکارامد میانی شهرها، با مطالعه موردی بر روی شهر رشت انجام گرفته است. این پژوهش به لحاظ هدف کاربردی و به روش اسنادی است. پس از مطالعات اسنادی و مرور بر ادبیات موضوع، شاخص‌ها شناسایی و رتبهبندی شدند و بدین‌منظور با اعمال نظر 8 تن از متخصصان، از دو تکنیک فرایند تحلیل سلسله‌مراتبی و اولویت‌بندی ترجیحی بر اساس تشابه به پاسخ‌های ایده‌آل ‌استفاده گردید. پس از فرایند شاخص‌سازی، 22 شاخص در ارتباط با شناسایی بافت‌های ناکارآمد میانی شهرها تبیین شد و با لحاظ شرایط محیطی، اقتصادی و اجتماعی شهر رشت و اعمال نظر کارشناسان، در نهایت 12 شاخص واجد شرایط رتبهبندی شدند. نتایج نشان میدهد که ناکارآمدی بافت‌های میانی شهرها را می‌توان به ترتیب در پنج بعد کالبدی، اجتماعی، کارکردی، اقتصادی و زیستمحیطی تعیین نمود. علاوه بر سه شاخص همیشگیِ ریزدانگی، ناپایداری و نفوذناپذیری، شاخص‌های شناسایی شده‌ قابل‌توجهی چون فقر و محرومیت؛ سطح بالای بیکاری، وضعیت نامناسب آموشی، تراکم بالای جمعیتی، قدمت ابنیه، مشخص نبودن مالکیت، و کمبود فضای باز و سبز نشانگر ابعاد فراکالبدی تعیین بافت‌های ناکارامد میانی شهری است که می‌تواند در بازشناسی آن‌ها در کلانشهرهای کشور نیز مورد مداقه قرار گیرد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

According to the decision of the Supreme Council of Unbanning and Architecture of Iran (2005), burnout in urban areas "reduction of efficiency" of one texture compared to other textures of the city was introduced and in the decision of 1385, only three indicators of instability, impenetrability and microdermabrasion were sufficient. However, studies have identified quantitative and qualitative weaknesses in determining these indicators. The present study aims to rank the indicators for determining the range of dysfunctional textures of Inner-City, with a case study on the city of Rasht. This research is practical and documentary in terms of purpose. After documentary studies and review of the literature, the indicators were identified and ranked, and thus, by applying the opinion of 8 experts, two techniques of process of analytic hierarchy analysis and preferential prioritization based on similarity to ideal responses were used. After the indexing process, 22 indicators were explained in relation to the identification of dysfunctional intermediate textures of cities, and in terms of environmental, economic and social conditions of Rasht city and the application of expert opinion, 12 qualified indicators were finally ranked. The results show five dimensions: physical, social, functional, economic and environmental. In addition to the three permanent indicators of instability, impenetrability and microdermabrasion, indicators such as poverty and deprivation; High level of unemployment, poor educational status, high population density, age of buildings, uncertainty of ownership, and lack of open and green space indicate the trans-physical dimensions of dysfunctional inner-urban that can be identified in the country's metropolises.

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