تبیین اثرات محیط طبیعی در تنوع فعالیت های اقتصادی روستاهای حاشیه تالاب بندر انزلی

محورهای موضوعی : مخاطرات محیطی (طبیعی و انسانی) و سکونتگاههای انسانی

بهزاد مجیدی شیل سر ¹ (دانش آموخته دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران)
محمدباسط قریشی ² (استادیار گروه جغرافیا، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران)
تیمور آمار ³ (دانشیار گروه جغرافیا، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران)
نصرالله مولائی هشجین ⁴ (استاد گروه جغرافیا، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران)
پرویز رضایی ⁵ (دانشیار گروه جغرافیا، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران.)

تاریخ دریافت : 1399/08/04 تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/03/08 تاریخ انتشار : 1401/06/01

کلید واژه: توسعه اقتصادی, تالاب, تنوع محیطی,

چکیده مقاله :

امروزه توسعه بعنوان یک فرایند مهمترین بحث کشورها بویژه کشورهای درحال توسعه است،بررسی و شناخت نواحی روستایی و تحلیل قابلیتها و تنگناهای آنها در فرایند برنامه ریزی توسعه روستایی اهمیت بسزایی دارد. تالاب ها ارزش های غیرقابل انکاری از نظر اکولوژیک، اقتصادی و تفرجگاهی و زیبایی شناسی برای جوامع انسانی، جانوری و گیاهی دارند. ضمن تاکید بر این موضوع که تغییرات اقتصادی در روستاها نیز تابعی از شرایط عمومی در سطح ماکرو همچون اقتصاد ملی و ناحیه ای است اما میزان پذیرش این تغییرات در نقاط مختلف متفاوت و با سرعتهای متغیر صورت می پذیرد. پژهش حاضر با فرض اینکه تالاب دارای سهمی بسزا در اقتصاد روستاهای حاشه خود است انجام گرفته و جامعه نمونه شامل 15 روستا از شهرستان صومعه سرا و شهرستان بندر انزلی که در حاشیه تالاب قرار گرفته اند می باشند . در این پژوهش ابتدا وضعیت روستا های مورد مطالعه بر اساس اسناد موجود و مطالعات میدانی بررسی و تحلیل شده است. نتایج بررسی ها در زمینه تاثیر وجود تالاب انزلی در تنوع اقتصادی روستا بیانگر این مطلب بوده که شغل های مرتبط با تالاب در کل روستاهای حاشیه تالاب شامل صیادی ، شکار و گردشگری و صنایع دستی بوده به وجود آورده است اما به این دلیل که زیرساختهای لازم جهت بهره مند شدن روستاییان حاشیه از نعمت تالاب در جهات مختلف اقتصادی و زیستی فراهم نیامده لذا به صورت پتانسیلی بالقوه متروک مانده است

چکیده انگلیسی:

Today, development as a process is the most important issue of countries, especially developing countries, the study and recognition of rural areas and analysis of their capabilities and bottlenecks in the rural development planning process is very important. Wetlands have undeniable ecological, economic, recreational and aesthetic values for human, animal and plant communities. While emphasizing that economic change in rural areas is also a function of general conditions at the macro level such as national and regional economy, but the rate of acceptance of these changes in different places and with varying speeds. The present study was conducted assuming that the wetland has a significant share in the economy of its surrounding villages and a sample population including 6 villages from Sumeh Sara city and 9 villages from Bandar Anzali city that are located on the edge of the wetland have been selected. In this study, first, the situation of the studied villages is obtained based on existing documents and field studies, and then the developments related to environmental conditions and quality of life according to the documentary and field findings are analyzed by statistical tests in SPSS software. The results of studies on the impact of the existence of Anzali Wetland as a natural phenomenon in the economic diversity of the village indicate that wetland-related jobs in all villages along the wetland, in addition to agriculture, which supplies water from the wetland, including fishing, Hunting, tourism and handicrafts.

منابع و مأخذ:

Ahmadian R. & Shami, M R. (2016). Investigation of integrated management strategies of coastal areas of Anzali port Based on SWOT analysis. Journal of Maritime Transport Industry, 2(1), 10-20.

Anabestani, A. (2010). The Role of Natural Factors in the Sustainability of Rural Settlements (Case Study: Sabzevar County). Quarterly Journal of Geography and Environmental Planning, 21(4), 89-104.

Asayesh, H. (2003). Rural Planning Workshop. Payame Noor Publications.

Esfandiari A. A. )2014(. Evaluating the performance of Iran's free trade zones and its impact on the economic development of these zones. Journal of Economic Research, 27, 119-145.

Badri, S. A. & Rokanuddin Eftekhari, A. (2003). Sustainability Assessment: Concept and Method, Geographical Research Quarterly, 18(2), 9-34.

Bonyad maskan enghelab eslami. (2012). drafting the criteria for physical development of the country's villages. Tehran, Shargh Ayand Consulting Engineers.

Burke, Kura, Y., Kassem, K,. & Carmen, M. S. (2001). Pilot analysis of global ecosystems: Coastal Ecosystems. Washington, DC, USA: World Resources Institute.

Fang, Y. (2013). The effects of natural capital protection on pastoralist’s livelihood and management implication in the source region of the Yellow River, China. Journal of Mountain Science 10(5), 885-897.

Greenwood, J. (1999). Interpretations of Sustainable Agriculture in a anadian Context, in Bryant, R. and Marois. C.(eds), The Sustainability of Rural Systems, 68-76, University of Montreal ,Montreal.

Hart, M. (1999). Guide to sustainable community indicators. North And aver, Hart. Environmental Data.

Jokar Sarangi, I., & Mousavizadeh, H. (2016). Prioritization of ecological factors affecting the location of Nurabad Mamasani. Www.CIVILICA.com. 9 p.

Karami Dehkordi, I. & Ansari, A. (2012). The effect of rangeland management and watershed management projects on sustainable livelihoods of rural households in Zanjan city. New agricultural technologies (specific to agricultural extension and education), 5(2), 136-107.

Kirby, A. (2003). Redefining Social and Environmental Relations at the Ecovillage at Ithaca: A case study. Environmental Psychology, 23, 323–332.

Mandal, R. B. (1989). Systems of rural settlements in Developing Countries. Concept Publishing Company ,New Dehli, India.

Mirza Amini, M.R. (2001). Strategies for Entrepreneurship Development and Rural Employment. Proceedings of the conference on the role of information technology in employment. Alumni Employment Cooperation Organization and High Information Council: 45-21.

Mohammadi Saadi., Rostami S. B., Taleshi M., & Sultani Moghaddas, R. (2017). Assessment and analysis of stability in rural areas using AHP, TOPSIS and cluster analysis techniques (Case study of Marivan Sarvabad cities). Geographical analysis of space, 7(23), 187-206.

Molaei Hashjin, N.& Dadras, H. (2013). Analysis of social and economic importance of villages around Bandar Anzali wetland. Planning Studies of Human Settlements (Geographical landscape. 25(8), 1-16.

Motiei Langroudi, S. H. & Kateb Azgmi, Z. (2017).  Economic Implications for the Development of Rural Tourism Activities in Bandar Anzali. Quarterly Journal of Space Economics and Rural Development, 3, 1-16.

Patrin, T. (2002). Entrepreneurship as an economic force in rural development. Translator: Hamidreza Zarnegar. Jihad, 253, 75-68.

Pomeroy, Ann. (2002). A Social Approach to Rural Development. New Zealand, Wellington: Rural Affairs Coordinator Sector Performance Policy, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry.

Pond, B. (2003). Managing natural resources for sustainable livelihoods: uniting science and participation, Earthcan  Publication,Canada.

Ramazan Nejad, Y., Eftekhari R., &, Portaheri, A. and M. (1990). Attitudinal assessment of the effects of coastal tourism on the sustainable development of coastal villages in Guilan province. Journal of Spatial Planning, Golestan University Scientific-Research, 6(20), 145-160.

Saeedi, A. (2008). Rural Service Model. Bonyad Maskan Enghelab Eslami, Publications First Edition.

Saeedi, A., & Amini, F. (2010). Rural Instability and Functional transformation of Rural Housing, Case: Khafr Rural (Natanz-Badrud District). Journal of Geography, 8(27), 43-29.

Sajasi Qedari, H., Sadeghloo, T., & Shakoori Fard, I. (2016). Assessing the level of livelihood assets in rural areas with a sustainable livelihood approach (Case study: villages of Taybad city). Journal of Rural Research and Planning. 5(1), 215-197.

Shahbazi, E. (2010). Pathology of Rural Development. First Edition, Tehran: Shahid Beheshti University Press.

Sharifzadeh, A., & Moradnejad, H. (2002). Sustainable Development and Rural Tourism. Jihad Social Economic Monthly, 250(251), 52-63.

Shokouei, H. (2007). Environmental Philosophies and Geographical Schools. Tehran: Gita Shenasi Publishing.

Trikar, J. (1992). Rural Development Issues, translated by Abolhassan Sarv Ghad Moghadam. Tehran: Ney Publishing.

Zeller, M. (2006). Rural development theory and policy. Germany: University of Hohenheim.

Zenteno, M. Z., Pieter, A., Jong, Wil de & Boot René, G. A. (2013). Livelihood strategies and forest dependence: New insights from Bolivian forest communities. Forest Policy and Economics, 26, 12-21.