Genetic Variability and Karyotype Analysis for 13 Accessions of Lolium multiflorum
محورهای موضوعی : مجله گیاهان زینتیSoosan Abbaszade 1 , Ali Ashraf Jafari 2 , Hooshmand Safari 3 , Hooman Shirvani 4
1 - Young Researchers and Elite Club, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
2 - Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, Iran
3 - Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran
4 - Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Iran
کلید واژه: Genetic variation, Cytogenetic, karyotype, <i>Lolium multiflorum</i>,
چکیده مقاله :
Genetic variations were studied for 13 accessions of Lolium multiflorum using cytogenetical traits. Karyotype was prepared for 5 metaphases cells of each accession and the traits of total length (TL), long arm (LA), short arm (SA), arm ratio (AR) and centromer index (CI) were determined by micromeasure software. Six accessions were diploid and seven accessions were tetraploid, the basic chromosome number was x=7, and also three and six satellites were observed for diploid and tetraploid accessions, respectively. The accessions had an asymmetry karyotype, and variations were significant (at 1% level of probability) between accessions for karyotypic characters based on analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results of mean comparison showed that the diploid accessions had higher mean chromosome length than tetraploid accessions. The results of cluster analysis by Ward's method based on the values of intrachromosomal asymmetry index (A1) and interchromosomal asymmetry index (A2) showed that the studied accessions were fallen in three groups. The tetraploid accessions had higher intrachromosomal asymmetry than the diploid accessions. Principal components analysis based on karyotypic traits for accessions showed the first two components captured 84.37% of the total variance. Principal component analysis for grouping accessions based on Scatter plot identified four distinctive groups.
تنوع ژنتیکی 13 اکسشن از گونه Lolium multiflorum بر اساس خصوصیات کاریوتیپی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. برای هر اکسشن، کاریوتیپ 5 سلول متافازی تهیه شد و صفات طول کل کروموزوم (TL)، طول بازوی بلند (LA)، طول بازوی کوتاه (SA)، شاخص سانترومری (CI) و نسبت بازوها (َAR) با استفاده از نرم افزار micromeasure محاسبه گردید. شش اکسشن دیپلوئید و هفت اکسشن تتراپلوئید بودند و تعداد کروموزم پایه برای کلیه اکسشنها x=7 بود، همچنین تعداد ماهواره از سه تا شش، در بین اکسشنهای دیپلوئید و تتراپلوئید متغیر بود. نتایج تجزیه واریانس (ANOVA) بر پایه طرح کاملا تصادفی (CRD) نشان داد که در بین اکسشنهای مورد بررسی برای کلیه صفات کاریوتیپی اختلاف معنیداری در سطح یک درصد وجود دارد. دیاگرام حاصل از پراکنش اکسشنها براساس شاخصهای نامتقارن بودن درون کروموزومی (A1) و نامتقارن بودن بین کروموزومی (A2) و نتایج تجزیه کلاستر اکسشنها به روش Ward نشان داد که اکسشنهای مورد بررسی در سه گروه قرار گرفتند. نتایج حاصل از تجزیه به مؤلفههای اصلی (PCA) نشان داد که دو مؤلفه اول به ترتیب 647/48 و 726/35 درصد از کل واریانس موجود را بر اساس صفات کاریوتیپی در بین اکسشنها بیان نمودند. در مجموع 373/84 درصد از تنوع موجود بین اکسشنهای مورد مطالعه با دو مؤلفه اول بیان شد. دیاگرام پراکنش اکسشنها بر اساس دو مولفه اول، اکسشنها را در چهار گروه قرار داد.
Che, Y.H. and Li, L.H. 2007. Genetic diversity of prolamines in Agropyron mongolicum Keng indigenous to northern China. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 54: 1145-1151.
Chowdhury, M.A., Vandenberg, V. and Warkentin, T. 2002. Cultivar identification and genetic relationship among selected breeding lines and cultivars in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Euphytica, 127: 317–325.
Cornish, M.A., Hayward, M.D. and Lawrence, M.J. 1979. Self-incompatibility in ryegrass. I genetic control in diploid Lolium perenne. Heredity, 43: 95-106.
Essad, S. 1954. Contribution a la systematique du genere Lolium. Annales Institution Nationale Research Agronomie. Paris, Series B, Orsay 8 (Thesis).
Evans, M. and Mecefield, B. 1974. Effects of B chromosomes homoeologus pairing in Lolium multiflorum × Lolium perenne species hybrids. Chromosoma, 45: 369-378.
Gupta. P.K. 1995. Cytogenetic. Rastoginad Company, Marual, India. 3-4 p.
Hajimoniri, M. 1999. Cytogenetic and morphometric studies on canola (Brassica napus). MSc. Thesis on plant science. North of Tehran Islamic Azad University.
Hovin, A.W. and Hill, D. 1966. B chromosomes, tgeir origim and relation to meiosis in inter species Lolium hybrids. American Journal of Botany, 53: 702-708.
Iruela, M., Rubio, J., Cubero, J.I., Gil, J. and Millan, T. 2002. Phylogenetic analysis in the genus Cicer and cultivated chickpea using RAPD and ISSR markers. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 104: 643–651. Doi: 10.1007/s001220100751.
Lamp, C.A., Forbes, S.J. and Cade, J.W. 2001. Grasses of temperate Australia- A fild guide. Inkata Press (1 st Edition) and CH Jerram & Associates Science Publishers (Revised Edition).
Levan, A., Fredga, K. and Sandberg, A. 1964. Nomenclature for centrometric position on chromosomes. Hereditas, 52: 201-220.
Lundqvist, A. 1962. The nature of the two loci incompatibility system in grasses. I. the hypothesis of a duplicative origin. Hereditas, 48: 153-168.
Malik, C.P. and Thomas, P.T. 1966. Karyotypic studies in some Lolium and Festuca species. Caryologia, 19: 167-196.
Mirjalili, S.A. 2014. Karyological studies in the genus Lolium in Iran. International Journal of Biosciences, 4 (4): 176 -183.
Mirzaei-Nodushan, H. and Nadarkhani, H. 2001. Karytypic investigation of tetraploid populations of Lolium sp. Iranian Journal of Rangelands and Forests Plant Breeding and Genetic Research, 4: 87-116.
Stebbins, G.L. 1971. Chromosomal evolution in higher plants. Edward Arnold, London.
Sudupak, A., Akkaya, S. and. Kence, A. 2002. Analysis of genetic relationships among perennial and annual Cicer species growing in Turkey using RAPD markers. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 105: 1220–1228. Doi: 10.1007/s00122-002-1060-8.
Terrell, E.E. 1968. A taxonomic revision of the genus Lolium. Agricultural Research Service, US. Department of Agriculture. Technical Bulletin 1392.
Wu, D. and Chen, L. 1991. The Karyotype analysis of oryzon ryegrass and three lines. Journal of Shanghai Agricultural College, 9: 253-259.
Zwierzykowski, Z. and Naganowski, B. 1996. Taxonomy, cytogenetics and phylogenetic relationship in the Lolium- Festuca complex (Poaceae): I. Lolium - a review; Fragmenta Floristica ET Geobotanica, 41: 521-536.
