Genetic Variability and Karyotype Analysis for 13 Accessions of Lolium multiflorum
محورهای موضوعی : مجله گیاهان زینتی
Soosan Abbaszade
1
(Young Researchers and Elite Club, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran)
Ali Ashraf Jafari
2
(Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, Iran)
Hooshmand Safari
3
(Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran)
Hooman Shirvani
4
(Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Iran)
کلید واژه: Genetic variation, Cytogenetic, karyotype, <i>Lolium multiflorum</i>,
چکیده مقاله :
Genetic variations were studied for 13 accessions of Lolium multiflorum using cytogenetical traits. Karyotype was prepared for 5 metaphases cells of each accession and the traits of total length (TL), long arm (LA), short arm (SA), arm ratio (AR) and centromer index (CI) were determined by micromeasure software. Six accessions were diploid and seven accessions were tetraploid, the basic chromosome number was x=7, and also three and six satellites were observed for diploid and tetraploid accessions, respectively. The accessions had an asymmetry karyotype, and variations were significant (at 1% level of probability) between accessions for karyotypic characters based on analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results of mean comparison showed that the diploid accessions had higher mean chromosome length than tetraploid accessions. The results of cluster analysis by Ward's method based on the values of intrachromosomal asymmetry index (A1) and interchromosomal asymmetry index (A2) showed that the studied accessions were fallen in three groups. The tetraploid accessions had higher intrachromosomal asymmetry than the diploid accessions. Principal components analysis based on karyotypic traits for accessions showed the first two components captured 84.37% of the total variance. Principal component analysis for grouping accessions based on Scatter plot identified four distinctive groups.
تنوع ژنتیکی 13 اکسشن از گونه Lolium multiflorum بر اساس خصوصیات کاریوتیپی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. برای هر اکسشن، کاریوتیپ 5 سلول متافازی تهیه شد و صفات طول کل کروموزوم (TL)، طول بازوی بلند (LA)، طول بازوی کوتاه (SA)، شاخص سانترومری (CI) و نسبت بازوها (َAR) با استفاده از نرم افزار micromeasure محاسبه گردید. شش اکسشن دیپلوئید و هفت اکسشن تتراپلوئید بودند و تعداد کروموزم پایه برای کلیه اکسشنها x=7 بود، همچنین تعداد ماهواره از سه تا شش، در بین اکسشنهای دیپلوئید و تتراپلوئید متغیر بود. نتایج تجزیه واریانس (ANOVA) بر پایه طرح کاملا تصادفی (CRD) نشان داد که در بین اکسشنهای مورد بررسی برای کلیه صفات کاریوتیپی اختلاف معنیداری در سطح یک درصد وجود دارد. دیاگرام حاصل از پراکنش اکسشنها براساس شاخصهای نامتقارن بودن درون کروموزومی (A1) و نامتقارن بودن بین کروموزومی (A2) و نتایج تجزیه کلاستر اکسشنها به روش Ward نشان داد که اکسشنهای مورد بررسی در سه گروه قرار گرفتند. نتایج حاصل از تجزیه به مؤلفههای اصلی (PCA) نشان داد که دو مؤلفه اول به ترتیب 647/48 و 726/35 درصد از کل واریانس موجود را بر اساس صفات کاریوتیپی در بین اکسشنها بیان نمودند. در مجموع 373/84 درصد از تنوع موجود بین اکسشنهای مورد مطالعه با دو مؤلفه اول بیان شد. دیاگرام پراکنش اکسشنها بر اساس دو مولفه اول، اکسشنها را در چهار گروه قرار داد.
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