Investigating the Adjustment of Soil Drought Stress with Potassium in Different Levels of Potash Fertilizers (Case Study: Zinnia)
محورهای موضوعی : مجله گیاهان زینتی
Maryam Marashi
1
(Department of Soil Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran)
Bahareh Yarahmadi
2
(Former Student of Horticulture Department, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran)
کلید واژه: Drought stress, Nutrition, nutrients, Fertilization, Foliar spraying,
چکیده مقاله :
One of the important issues in sustainable agricultural management is the proper yeid of the agricultural products under environmental stress conditions. Naturally, in the dry country of Iran, lack of moisture is one of the main challenges of agriculture. Proper plant nutrition can moderate the effects of drought stress. To investigate the effects of drought stress on plant yield, Zinnia was used as a test plant. For this purpose, the growth of Zinnia plant in response to drought stress at different levels of potassium fertilization was investigated in a factorial experiment based on a randomized completely block design with two factors. The first factor: Three periods of irrigation including 2 days, 4 days, one week and the second factor: Four levels of potassium fertilizer including: 1) Use of potash fertilizer as base, 2) Use of potash fertilizer as base and during the growth period, 3) Use of potassium fertilizer as a base and during the growth period + 2 times foliar spraying, 4) Using potash fertilizer as base and during the growth period + 4 times foliar spraying. The cultivation medium was used in a 2:1 ratio of soil and manure in each pot. After the end of the growth period, the vegetative indicators include fresh and dry weight of aerial organs (shoot), plant height, number of lateral branches, number of flowers, flower weight, length of the longest branch were measured. The highest growth indices were: Fresh and dry shoot weight in treatment 4 and 2 days irrigation equal 2.36 and 0.33 g, respectively; plant height in treatment 4 and 2 days irrigation; the number of lateral branches in treatment 4 and 2 days irrigation equal 8; and the length of the longest branch in treatment 4 and 2 days irrigation equal 9 cm. The growth conditions in the fertilizer treatments were better than the control and this shows that potassium has increased the resistance of the plant to drought stress.
یکی از موضوعات مهم در مدیریت پایدار کشاورزی، عملکرد مناسب محصول در شرایط تنش های محیطی است. طبعا در کشور خشک ایران، کمبود رطوبت یکی از چالش‌های اصلی کشاورزی است. تغذیه مناسب گیاه می‌تواند اثرات تنش خشکی را تعدیل نماید. برای بررسی اثرات تنش خشکی بر عملکرد گیاه از آهار به عنوان گیاه آزمایش استفاده شد. به همین منظور رشد گیاه آهار در پاسخ به تنش خشکی خاک در سطوح مختلف کوددهی پتاسه در یک آزمایش فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با دو فاکتور بررسی شد. فاکتور اول: سه دوره آبیاری شامل 2 روز، 4 روز، یک هفته و فاکتور دوم: چهار سطح کودی پتاسیم شامل : 1- مصرف کود پتاسه بصورت پایه،2-مصرف کود پتاسه بصورت پایه و سرک، 3- مصرف کود پتاسه بصورت پایه و سرک + 2 بار محلول‌پاشی برگی و 4- مصرف کود پتاسه بصورت پایه و سرک + 4 بار محلول‌پاشی برگی. بستر کشت درهر گلدان نسبت 2 به1 خاک و کود حیوانی مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. پس از اتمام دوره رشد، شاخص‌های رویشی شامل وزن تر و خشک اندام‌های‌هوایی، ارتفاع‌گیاه، تعداد‌شاخه‌های جانبی، تعداد‌گل، وزن‌گل و طول بلندترین شاخه اندازه‌گیری شد. بیشترین شاخص‌های رشد: وزن تر و خشک اندام‌هوایی در تیمار 4 و دور آبیاری دو روز به ترتیب برابر 2/36 و 0/33 گرم، ارتفاع گیاه در تیمار 4 و دور آبیاری چهار روز برابر 43 سانتی‌متر، تعداد شاخه‌های جانبی در تیمار 4 و دور آبیاری یک برابر 8 و طول بلندترین شاخه در تیمار 4 و دور آبیاری دو روز برابر 9 سانتی‌متر به دست آمد. شاخص‌های رشد در تیمارهای کودی بهتر از شاهد بود و این نشان داد که پتاسیم در دسترس گیاه در طول دوره رشد مقاومت گیاه را افزایش داده است.
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