Sustainable Management of Groundwater Resources Using Multi-Criteria Programming (A Case Study of Kashmar Plain)

محورهای موضوعی : Decision-making

سمیه شیرزادی لسکوکلایه ¹ , رضا اسفنجاری کناری ²

1 - استادیار گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
2 - استادیار اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی‬، دانشگاه گیلان

تاریخ دریافت : 1396/03/04 تاریخ پذیرش : 1397/06/14 تاریخ انتشار : 1397/08/10

کلید واژه: Vikor method, Sustainable Management, Water Pollution, Kashmar Plain,

چکیده مقاله :

Frequent droughts and their consequences result in the loss of groundwater, the deficiency of nutrients, the drying of surface water resources, and substantially more exploitation of the groundwater resources, which, altogether, cause the mobilization of saline waters to groundwater tables. This will impair the capacity of the aquifers and the quality of the water. The VIKOR method was applied to determine the best feasible solution according to the selected criteria including the local rainfall status in different years, soil permeability, land slope, and water quality indicators, including SAR, RSC, salinity for determination of groundwater resources quality and land-use restrictions in the Kashmar Plain in the northeast of Iran. The results of sampling performed on the Kashmar Plain showed that water quality was lost as one moved from the northern groundwater tables to the southern ones. The excessive use of groundwater resources, the downfall of the groundwater level, and subsequently, the increased salinity account for the loss of the agricultural water quality and the land-use restrictions. Furthermore, the results of the model within years 2010 and 2014 showed that if the current form of indiscriminate exploitation of groundwater resources is kept, it will lead to the mobilization of the salinity to the lowly-saline upstream regions. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on sustainable management of groundwater resources, control their indiscriminate exploitation, and minimize the damage to the groundwater tables in the study site. In addition, agronomists should work on limiting the use of agricultural land by modifying the cropping pattern and on using deficit-irrigation methods.

چکیده انگلیسی:

پدیده خشکسالی و پیامدهای آن باعث کاهش سطح آب­های زیرزمینی، فقدان تغذیه مناسب خاک، خشک شدن منابع آب سطحی و برداشت بیشتر از منابع آب زیرزمینی می‌شود که در مجموع این موارد باعث انتقال آب شور به آب­های زیرزمینی می­شود و ظرفیت برداشت از سفره آب زیرزمینى را محدود کرده و کیفیت آب را کاهش می‌دهد. در این مطالعه از روش VIKOR  برای تعیین بهترین راه حل قابل اجرا بر اساس معیارهای انتخاب شده شامل وضعیت بارش باران منطقه در طول سال­های مختلف، نفوذپذیری خاک، شاخص شیب زمین و شاخص­های کیفیت آب از جمله  SAR، RSC و شوری جهت تعیین کیفیت منابع آب زیرزمینی دشت کاشمر و محدودیت­های استفاده از زمین به کار گرفته شد. نتایج نمونه برداری در دشت کاشمر نشان داد که کیفیت آب در مسیر زیرزمینی دشت کاشمر از شمال به جنوب کاهش می‌یابد. استفاده بیش از حد از منابع آب زیرزمینی، سبب افت سطح آب زیرزمینی و افزایش شوری، کاهش کیفیت آب کشاورزی و محدودیت استفاده از زمین شده است. افزون بر این، نتایج مدل در سال های 1389 و 1393 نشان داد که اگر شکل فعلی برداشت بی­رویه منابع آب زیرزمینی ادامه یابد، این امر منجر به حرکت شوری به مناطق بالادستی با شوری کم می­شود. بنابراین، برای مدیریت پایدار منابع آب­های زیرزمینی، کنترل برداشت بی‌رویه و به حداقل رساندن آسیب به سطح آب­های زیرزمینی شهرستان ضروری است، کارشناسان تغییر الگوی کشت در زمین­های کشاورزی و استفاده از روش­های کم آب آبیاری را پیشنهاد ­دهند.

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