Enhancing Cocoa Beans Quality through Improved Cultural Practices in Major Cocoa Producing States of Nigeria
محورهای موضوعی : Farm Managementجیمز آیگون 1 , آلبونمی آشیمولو 2 , استیفن آدیگون 3 , Samuel Mesele 4 , Eniola Fabusoro 5
1 - FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE ABEOKUTA NIGERIA
2 - FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE ABEOKUTA NIGERIA
3 - FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE ABEOKUTA NIGERIA
4 - FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE ABEOKUTA
5 - Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta
کلید واژه: Nigeria, cocoa, cocoa bean quality, improved cultural practice, best practice,
چکیده مقاله :
In West Africa, low adoption of agricultural innovations by farmers has been partly due to the complexity of the innovation structure or new knowledge beyond the farmers’ socio-economic adaptive capacities. Different attempts have been made to improve cocoa beans quality in Nigeria among which was the recommendation of ‘improved cultural practices’ or ‘best known practices’ (ICMP). This had recorded little success because of the complexity and enormity of the ICMP. The present study, therefore, made an attempt to resolve this, in the major cocoa growing states of Nigeria, through farmers-researcher participatory approach with the aid of interview guide. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Principal Component Analysis procedures in SPSS to identify the minimum essential practices out of the overall ICMP for sustainable cocoa production. The result showed that cocoa farmers practiced 47 activities recognized as ICMP which were grouped as nursery, on farm, harvesting or post-harvest activities. The highest overall percentage use of any of these activities was 3 %, while the least being smaller than 1 %. It was found that 13 out of 47 activities contributed 71.45 % to the overall ICMP, whereas the current cumulative percent use of these 13 activities was 28 %. The individual percent use of each of the 13 activities was about 3 %. The highest contributors among the 13 activities were coded ba1 and ba11 while the least was bb4. Efforts to intensify the use of these 13 activities rather than the 47 activities should be encouraged among farmers for sustainable and high quality cocoa production.
ازجمله دلایل سطح پایین پذیرش نوآوری‌های کشاورزی از سوی زارعان غرب آفریقا، پیچیدگی ساختار نوآوری است. به عبارت دیگر، دانش جدید فراتر از ظرفیت‌های سازگاری اجتماعی ـ اقتصادی زارعان است. در نیجریه، کارهای زیادی روی افزایش کیفیت دانه‌های کاکائو انجام شده است ازجمله توصیة «شیوه‌های زراعی بهتر» یا «بهترین شیوه‌های شناخته‌شده» (ICMP). این تلاش‌ها به خاطر پیچیدگی ICMP موفقیت چندانی نداشته‌اند. بنابراین، مطالعة حاضر سعی می‌کند این مشکل را در ایالت‌های اصلی تولیدکنندة کاکائو در نیجریه ازطریق رویکرد مشارکت زارعان ـ پژوهشگر به کمک هدایت مصاحبه‌ای حل کند. داده‌های جمع‌آوری‌شده با استفاده از آمار توصیفی و تحلیل مولفه‌های اصلی در SPSS تحلیل شدند تا حداقل شیوه‌های اصلی از میان کل ICMP برای دستیابی به پایداری در تولید کاکائو شناسایی شوند. نتایج نشان داد که زارعان کاکائو از 47 شیوه استفاده می‌کردند که جزو ICMP به شمار می‌روند. این شیوه‌ها در چهار گروه خزانه، مزرعه، برداشت و بعد از برداشت طبقه‌بندی شدند. بالاترین درصد استفاده از شیوه‌ها 3 درصد بود درحالی‌که کمترین درصد کمتر از یک درصد بود. نتایج نشان داد که 13 شیوه از میان 47 شیوه، 45/71 درصد ICMP کل را تشکیل دادند درحالی‌که درصد استفادة تجمعی فعلی از این 13 شیوه، 28 درصد بود. درصد استفاده از هر کدام از این 13 شیوه حدود 3 درصد بود. مواردی که بیشترین سهم را در این 13 شیوه داشتند با علائم ba1 و ba11 کدگذاری شدند درحالی‌که کمترین مورد با bb4 نشان داده شد. باید سعی شود به جای 47 شیوه، استفاده از این 13 شیوه در میان زارعان تشویق شود تا بتوانند به تولید پایدار کاکائوی باکیفیت دست یافت.
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