Market-Oriented or Not: A Gender Situation Analyses of Small Holder Sweet potato Farmers in South East Nigeria
محورهای موضوعی : Farm Managementآمالا کریستیانا اوکویه 1 , جوده آنایوخوف مباناسور 2 , بنجامین چخومکا اوکویه 3
1 - برنامه تحقیقاتی سیب زمینی شیرین، موسسه ملی تحقیقات ریشه زراعی ، اومودیکه، ایالت ابیا، نیجریه
2 - دانشگاه کشاورزی مایکل اوکپارا ، اومودایکه ، ایالت ابیا ، نیجریه
3 - موسسه ملی تحقیقات ریشه زراعی، ایالت اوموهیا ابیا، نیجریه
کلید واژه: Commercialization, Market-Orientation, genderandselectivity model,
چکیده مقاله :
Farmers can only be market oriented if his/her production plan follows market signals and produce commodities that is more marketable. In other to achieve it, this study provided empirical evidence on the gender analyses of market orientation in South-East, Nigeria. A stratified sampling design was used to select 360 sample respondents in 2017. Market Orientation Index (MOI) and Heckit selectivity model were used to estimate the level of market orientation and determinants of market orientation respectively. The results show a mean market orientation score (0.17 and 0.59) for the male and female sweet potato farmers respectively, indicating low level of market orientation especially for the male farmers. The coefficients for age, educational level, capital, area cultivated with sweet potato, farming experience, marketing experience, native of community, and road conditions were positive and household size negative and significantly related to market orientation for female farmers. Coefficients for age, household size, level of education, transportation cost, native of community, and marketing experience were positive and distance from farm to the market was negative and significantly related with market orientation for the male farmers. The coefficients for gender were negative and significant at 5% and 1% for probability of being market oriented and level of market orientation respectively, indicating that the female farmers were more likely to be market oriented compared to their male counterparts. The study therefore calls for policies on promoting farmers access to land (particularly the female farmers), availability and the use of quality planting seed and establishment of formal sweet potato market.
یک کشاورز تنها در صورتی می‌تواند بازارمدار باشد که برنامة تولیدی‌اش منطبق بر علائم بازار باشد و کالاهایی را تولید کند که قابلیت بازاریابی بیشتری داشته باشند. به همین منظور، در این مطالعه، شواهدی تجربی از تحلیل جنسیتی بازارمداری در جنوب شرق نیجریه ارائه شده است. برای انتخاب 360 شرکت‌کنندة نمونه در سال 2017 از روش نمونه‌گیری طبقه‌ای استفاده شد. برای برآورد میزان بازارمداری و عوامل تعیین‌کنندة بازارمداری به ترتیب از شاخص بازارمداری (MOI) و مدل انتخاب هکیت استفاده شد. نتایج میانگین امتیاز بازارمداری برای کشاورزان مرد و زن تولیدکنندة سیب‌زمینی شیرین (به ترتیب 17/0 و 59/0) حاکی از سطح پایین بازارمداری به ویژه در میان کشاورزان مرد است. درمورد کشاورزان زن، رابطة سن، سطح تحصیلات، سرمایه، سطح زیرکشت سیب زمینی شیرین، تجربة کشاورزی، تجربة بازاریابی، بومی بودن اجتماع و شرایط جاده ارتباط معنی‌دار و مثبت و اندازة خانوار ارتباط معنی‌دار و منفی با بازارمداری داشت. اما درمورد کشاورزان مرد، رابطة سن، اندازة خانوار، سطح تحصیلات، هزینة حمل‌ونقل، بومی بودن اجتماع و تجربة بازاریابی رابطة مثبت و معنی‌دار و فاصله مزرعه تا بازار رابطة منفی و معنی‌دار با بازارمداری داشت. ضرایب جنسیتی درمورد بازارمدار بودن و سطح بازارمداری منفی و به ترتیب در سطح احتمال 5 درصد و 1 درصد معنی‌دار بود. این نشان می‌دهد که احتمال اینکه زنان کشاورز بازارمدار باشند بیش از مردان کشاورز است. بنابراین، براساس این مطالعه، سیاست‌هایی برای افزایش دسترسی کشاورزان به زمین (به‌ویژه زنان کشاورز)، دسترسی و استفاده از بذرهای باکیفیت و ایجاد بازار رسمی سیب‌زمینی شیرین لازم است.
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