The Requirements of Establishing Innovative Rural Organizations to Improve Food Security from Rice Grower's Perspective
محورهای موضوعی : Education and training
مریم زمانی علایی
1
(گروه اقتصاد، ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران،ایران)
سید جمال فرج اله حسینی
2
(گروه اقتصاد، ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران،ایران)
سیدمهدی میردامادی
3
(گروه اقتصاد، ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران،ایران)
فرهاد لشگرآرا
4
(گروه اقتصاد، ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران،ایران)
کلید واژه: Food Security, rice growers, rural innovation institutions, producer organizations,
چکیده مقاله :
Rural innovative producing organizations can increase farmers' incomes and improve food security by providing services to farmers. The specific objectives of this paper were to identify the economic, social-cultural, infrastructural, political, educational, and technical requirements for innovations in rural institutions to improve food security of farmers in Mazandaran Province, Iran. The total population of this study was 113,141 farmers in Mazandaran Province and by using Cochran formula 216 were selected through cluster random sampling method. The Delphi method was used for qualitative part of analysis, which was done in a three-phase distribution of questionnaires and interviews with rice experts. For each of the requirements, items of interest were added and removed, and a table of items including the most points (to a maximum of70%) was extracted. A Bayesian analysis was used for by using AMOS16and SPSS16 software. Based on the results of Bayesian analysis the economic requirements had the greatest impact on establishing innovative rural institutions to improve food security of rice growers. It was also found out that socio-cultural, political, infrastructural, educational, and technical requirements, respectively could play an important role in helping rural institutions to enhance food security in rural areas.
سازمان های تولیدی نوآور روستایی با فراهم آوردن مجموعه منظمی از خدمات قادر خواهند بود درآمد کشاورزان را افزایش داده و امنیت غذایی را بهبود ببخشند. هدف کلی این تحقیق یافتن مجموعه الزاماتی است که برای ایجاد نهادهای نوآور روستایی در جهت بهبود امنیت غذایی از دیدگاه شالیکاران حائز اهمیت می باشد. از اینرو اهداف اختصاصی عبارتند از: شناسایی الزامات اقتصادی، اجتماعی-فرهنگی، زیرساختی، سیاست گذاری، آموزشی، فنی، در ایجاد نهادهای نوآور روستایی به منظور بهبود امنیت غذایی شالیکاران در استان مازندران. جامعه آماری تحقیق متشکل از 113141 نفر از شالیکاران استان مازندران است که 216 نفر از آن ها با روش نمونه گیری تصادفی خوشه ای به عنوان حجم نمونه انتخاب شدند. در این پژوهش در قسمت کیفی از روش دلفی برای تجزیه و تحلیل استفاده شده است که طی سه مرحله توزیع پرسشنامه و مصاحبه نیمه عمیق با متخصصان و کارشناسان برنج برای هر یک از الزامات گویه هایی اضافه و حذف گردید و در نهایت جدول مربوط به گویه هایی که بیشترین امتیاز(70% به بالا) را آوردند استخراج گردید. برای قسمت کمی از روش تجزیه و تحلیل بیزی استفاده شد که در این تحلیل الزامات اقتصادی بیشترین تاثیر را در ایجاد نهادهای نوآور روستایی به منظور بهبود امنیت غذایی شالیکاران داشته اند و بعد از الزامات اقتصادی به ترتیب الزامات اجتماعی-فرهنگی، سیاسی، زیرساختی، آموزشی و فنی بیشترین میزان تاثیر را داشتند.
CIHEAM (2013). Rural Development in the Mediterranean Countries. Watch Letter, NO. 24, ISSN 2114-3129. Retrieved From: (https://www.ciheam.org/publications/206/WL_24.pdf)
FAO (2010). The state of food insecurity in the world. Addressing food insecurity in protracted crisis. Rome/Italy. ISBN 978-92-5-106610-2.
FAO (2012). Organization analysis and development. Learning Module 4, FAO Capacity Development. Rome/Italy.
FAO (2016). FAO’s role in strengthening rural institutions and organizations. Rural Institutions. Retrieved From: (http://www.fao.org/rural-institutions/en)
FAO, IFAD & WFP. (2014). The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2014. Strengthening the enabling environment for food security and nutrition. Rome, FAO.
Herbel, D., Crowley, E., Ourabah Haddad, N., & Lee, M. (2012). Good practices in building innovative rural institutions to increase food security. Rome, FAO.
Herbel, D., Rocchigiani, M., & Ferrier, CH. (2015). The role of the social and organizational capital in agricultural cooperatives’ development Practical lessons from the CUMA movement. Journal of Co-operative Organization and Management, 3, 24-31.
IFAD (2008). Institutional and organizational analysis for pro-poor change: meeting IFAD’s millennium challenge. Enabling poor rural people to overcome poverty, A Source Book.
John, A., & Fielding, M.(2014). Rice production constraints and ‘new’ challenges for South Asian smallholders: Insights into de facto research priorities. Agriculture & Food Security, 3(18), 1-16.
Keshavarz, M., & Karami, A. (2014). Analysis of food insecurity in rural communities in Iran using Tyasn statistical theory: Strategies to promote. Congress of Agricultural Extension and Education Sciences and Natural Resources Iran, the Association of Agricultural Extension and Education, Agust,2014(133-153), Iranian Institution of Agricultural Extension and Education, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Tehran University, Recoverable on: (www.iaeea.ir)
Mbaga, M. D. (2013). Alternative mechanisms for achieving food security in Oman. Agriculture & Food Security, 2(3), 1-11.
McInerney, E. (2014). Cooperative key to achieving sustainable agricultural development. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Retrieved from: http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/documents/2014/coopsegm/McInerney.pdf
Moradi, KH. & Popzan, A. (2014). Rural management in the light of local governance. Congress of Agricultural Extension and Education Sciences and Natural Resources Iran, the Association of Agricultural Extension and Education, Shahrivar 1393(225-243), Iranian Institution of Agricultural Extension and Education, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Tehran University, Recoverable on: (www.iaeea.ir )
Mumuni, E. & Oladele. O. L.(2016). Access to livelihood capitals and propensity for entrepreneurship among rice farmers in Ghana. Agriculture and food security, 5(1), 33-45. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40066-015-0049-x
Pereira, L.M., Cuneo, C. N., & Twine, W. C. (2014). Food and cash: Understanding the role of the retail sector in rural food security in South Africa. Journal of Food Security, 6,339–357.
Sharafkhani, R., Dastgiri, Q. GharehaghajiAsl, R., & Ghavamzadeh, S. (2011). The factors that influence the prevalence of household food insecurity: A cross-sectional study (Ghareh Soo district, the city of Khoy). Urmia Medical Journal, 2 (85), 123-128.
Silvestri, S., Sabine, D., Patti, K., Wiebke, F., Maren,R., Ianetta1, M., F., Carlos, Q., Mario, H., Anthony, N., Nicolas, N., Joash, M., Lieven, C., & Mariana Cristina, R. (2015). Households and food security: lessons from food secure households in East Africa. Agriculture and Food Security, 4(23), 42-66, DOI 10.1186/s40066-015-0042-4.
Turoff, M., & Linston, H.A., (2002). The Delphi Method, Techniques and Applications. Addison-Wesley educational publishers Inc; ISBN-10: 0201042932. Retrieved from: (https://web.njit.edu/~turoff/pubs/delphibook/delphibook.pdf )
Uphoff, N., & Buck, L. ( 2006). Strengthening rural local institutional capacities for sustainable livelihoods and equitable development. Paper presented at: Cornell International Institute for Food, Agriculture and Development. June 22(Report Number: 69385). Social Development Department of the World Bank. Washington, dc, World Bank.
World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) (2014). Strengthening rural institutions project. Project time frame: Jan 2011 to Dec 2014. Retrieved from: (http://www.worldagroforestry.org/project/strengthening-rural-institutions-project )
World Bank Group (2012). Food and Nutrition Security. A Framework for Action for Sustainable Development. Retrieved from:(www.worldbank.org)
Yadegari,S. (2016). How Changing in Cultivation patterns become practical?, Iran Newspaper, NO. 6172, March 10,Retrieved from:(https://www.magiran.com/article/3329724)
