News Translation: A Unique Form of Communication Production
محورهای موضوعی : نشریه زبان و ترجمه
Parastu Dorrimanesh
1
(Department of Foreign Languages, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran)
Seyed Vahid Aqili
2
(Department of Communication and Media, Central Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran)
Ferdows Aghagolzadeh
3
(Department of Linguistics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran)
کلید واژه: Media, International News, News Trans-Editing, News Translation,
چکیده مقاله :
Despite the fact that translation constitutes an absolutely essential component of news production process, and that most news writing requires language transfer to some degree, journalism studies has ignored the contribution of translation to the production of international news and the relevant processes to a great extent. This negligence, however, is not confined to media studies; translation studies too, has disregarded news translation for a long time and only recently started to give it the attention it deserves. In this paper, the aim is to establish an understanding of what news translation entails, what it denotes in translation and media studies, its principles and procedures, what factors affect it, and most importantly, what distinguishes it from other types of translation such as literary translation. The dissection of the above issues will hopefully be conductive to changing our perception of news translation and give us insight as to its significance in the production of global news. Another possible gain from the current study will be the contribution that can be made to how news translation courses are designed and thought in media and journalism schools.
به رغم این واقعیت که ترجمه بخشی تفکیک ناپذیر از فرآیند تولید خبر را تشکیل می دهد، و این که نگارش خبر در بیشتر مواقع تا حدودی به انتقال زبان وابسته است، مطالعات رسانه تا حد زیادی نقش زبان را در تولید اخبار بین الملل و فرآیندهای مرتبط به آن نادیده گرفته است. اما این بی اعتنایی به مطالعات رسانه محدود نمی شود؛ مطالعات ترجمه نیز برای مدتی طولانی ترجمه خبر را نادیده گرفته بود و تنها اخیرا توجهی را که شایسته است به آن مبذول داشته است. هدف این مقاله، ایجاد درکی درست از ماهیت ترجمه خبر، مفهوم آن در مطالعات ترجمه و رسانه، اصول و رویه های آن، عوامل تاثیرگذار بر آن و از همه مهم تر، وجوه تمایز آن از سایر ترجمه ها، به عنوان مثال ترجمه ادبی، می باشد. امید است که بررسی موضوعات بالا نگرش ما را به ترجمه خبر تغییر دهد و در ما بینشی در مورد اهمیت ترجمه خبر در تولید اخبار جهانی ایجاد کند. بهره دیگری که ممکن است از مطاله فوق حاصل شود کمک به طراحی و آموزش دروس ترجمه خبر در دانشکده های رسانه و خبرنگاری است.
Aktan, O., & Nohl, A. M. (2010). International trans-editing: Typical intercultural communication strategies at the BBC World Service Turkish Radio. Journal of Intercultural Communication, http://www.immi.se/intercultural/.
Al-Shehari, K. (2007). Semiotics and the translation of news headlines: Making an image of the other. Translation Studies in the New Millennium, 5, 1-16.
Azodi, J., & Salmani, B. (2014). The impact of ideology on translation of news stories. Advances in Language and Literary Studies, 6(1), 163-171. https://doi. org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.6n.1p.163.
Bani, S. (2006). An analysis of press translation process. In K. Conway & S. Bassnett (Eds.), Translation in Global News (Proceedings of the conference held at the University of Warwick on 23 June 2006, pp.35-45). The University of Warwick.
Bassnett, S. (2005a). Bringing the news back home: Strategies of acculturation and foreignisation. Language and Int erc ultural Communi cation, 5( 2), 120- 13 0 h ttp s://d oi.org /10.108 0/147084 70508668888.
Bassnett, S. (2005b) Translating terror. Third World Quarterly, 26(3). 393-403. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436590500033628
Baumann G, Gillespie M, & Sreberny, M. A. (2011). Transcultural journalism and the politics of translation: Interrogating the BBC World Service. Journalism 12(2), 135–142. https: //doi.org/ 10.1177/14 64884910388580.
Bielsa, E. (2007). Translation in global news agencies. Target, 19(1), 135–155. https://doi.org/10.1075/target.19.1.08bie.
Bielsa, E. (2015). News translation: Global or cosmopolitan connections? Media, Culture & Society, 38(2), 196-211. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443715613635.
Bielsa, E. & Bassnett, S. (2009). Translation in global news. Routledge.
Brook , J. (2012). The role of translation in the production of international print news: three case studies in the language direction Spanish to English (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Auckland. https://researchspace.auckland.ac.nz/handle/2292/19462
Brownlees, N. (2018). The Gazette de Londres: Disseminating news and exercising news management through translation. Token: A Journal of English Linguistics, 7, 13-33.
Craig, R. T. (2017). Mass communication and policy gatekeeping. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Communication. https:// doi.org/ 10.1093/acrefore/9780190228613.013.290.
Cheesman, T., Nohl, A. M., & The BBCWS US Elections Study Group (2010). Many voices, one BBC World Service? The 2008 US elections, gatekeeping and trans-editing. Journalism, 12(2), 217-233. https: //doi.o rg/10.11 77/1464884910388589
Conway, K. (2006). A cultural studies approach to translation in the news: The case of Canada and Quebec. In Translation in Global News: Proceedings of the Conference Held at the University of Warwick 23, June2006, edited by K. Conway and S. Bassnett, pp. 47–57. University of Warwick.
Conway, K. (2012). Cultural translation, long-form journalism, and readers’ responses to the Muslim veil. Meta 57(4), 997–1012. https://d oi.org/10. 7202/1021229ar.
Conway, K. (2015). What is the role of culture in news translation? A materialist approach. Perspectives, 23(4), 521–535. https ://doi .org/10 .1080/0 907676X.2015.1026833
Conway, K. & Bassnett, S. (Eds.) (2006). Translation in Global News. Coventry: University of Warwick Centre for Translation and Comparative Studies. http://www.law.uovs.ac.za/faculties/documents/01/151/D013/Feinauer-trans lation-in-global-news-proceedings.pdf
Darvish, A. (2006). Translating the news reframing constructed realities. Translation Watch Quarterly, 2(1), 52-77.
Davier, L. (2015). Cultural translation in news agencies? A plea to broaden the definition of translation. Perspectives 23(4), 536–551.
El-daly, H. M. (2015). Paradigm shifts in translation studies: Focus on linguistic, cultural, social and psychological turns. Sino-US English Teaching, 12(5), 369-386. https:/ /doi.or g/10.17 265/1539-8072/2015.05.007
Floros, G. (2012). News translation and translation ethics in the cypriot context. Meta, 57(4), 924–942. https://d oi.o rg/10.7202/1021225ar.
Gambier, Y. (2016). Rapid and radical changes in translation and translation studies. International journal of communication (IJOC), 10, 887-906.
Gene, V. (2017). Media agenda-setting and gatekeeping: the twitter takeover of traditional mass media practices through the use of networked journalism (Master Thesis). Retrieved from: https://digital.library.ryerson.ca/islandora/object/RULA%3A5989
Harcup, T. (2009). Constraints and influences on journalists. pp. 15-35. https://www.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-inarie s/26428_0 2_H arcu p_C H_02.pdf, on Dec. 09, 2019.
Jixing, L. (2013). Translation definitions in different paradigms. Canadian Social Science, 9(4), 107-115. https: //doi.o rg/10.3968/j.css.1923669720130904.2703
Lefevere, A., & Bassnett, S. (1990) “Introduction: Proust's Grandmother and the Thousand and One Nights: The 'Cultural Turn' in Translation Studies.” In Bassnett, S., & Lefevere, A. (Eds.), Translation, history and culture (1-13). Pinter.
Lefevere, A. (1992). Translation, rewriting and the manipulation of literary fame. Routledge.
Liu, X. (2014). News Translation as Reconstruction of Reality within Frames. Translation Journal on-line at http://www.translationjournal.net/
Newmark, P. (1988). A textbook of translation. Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Newmark, P. (2001). Approaches to translation. Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Nida, E. (1964). Toward a science of translating. Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Orengo, A. (2009). Localising News: Translation and the 'Global-national' dichotomy. Language and Intercultural Communication, 5(2), 168-187.
Pym, A. (2004). The moving text: Localization, translation, and distribution. John Benjamins.
Schäffner, C. (2012). Rethinking transediting. Meta: Journal des traducteurs, 57(4), 866-883.
Schäffner, C. (2017). Language, interpreting, and translation in the news media. In Malmkjær K. (Ed.). The Routledge handbook of translation studies and linguistics. Routledge.
Tymoczko, M. & Gentzler, E. (Eds). (2002). Translation and power. University of Massachusetts Press.
Valdeón, R. (2014). From adaptation to appropriation: Framing the world through news translation. Linguaculture, 1, 51–63. https ://doi. org/ia10.1515/lincu-2015-0019
Valdeón, Roberto. (2017). On the use of the term “translation” in journalism studies. Journalism, 19(2), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884 9 1 77 15945
Van Doorslaer, L. (2012). Translating, narrating and constructing images in journalism with a test case on representation in Flemish TV news. Meta 57(4), 1046–1059. https ://doi.o rg/10.7202/1021232ar.
Venuti, L. (1998). The scandal of translation: Towards an ethics of difference. Redwood Books.
Venuti, L. (2008). The translator′s invisibility: A history of translation (2nd ed.). Routledge.
Wang, D. F. (2000). Culture difference and reader’s response: Review on Nida’s equivalence theory. In Guo, J. Z. (Ed.), Culture and translation. China Translation & Publishing Corporation.
White, D. M. (1950). The “gate-keeper”: A case study in the selection of news. Journalism Quarterly, 27, 383–390.
Xiong, X. (2014). Press translation in international communication theory and practice. Language Studies, 4(10), 2151-2156. htt ps://d oi.org/ 10.4304/ tpls.4.10.2151-2156
Yonsuk, S. (2017): Impact of power and ideology on news translation in Korea: A quantitative analysis of foreign news gatekeeping. Perspectives, 25(4), 658-672. https ://doi .org/1 0.1080/ 090767 6X.2017.1312067.
