A Study of Culture-Specific Items in “Inferno” from English into Persian on the Basis of Vinay and Darbelnet’s Classification
محورهای موضوعی : نشریه زبان و ترجمه
سید سهام الدین سید محسن
1
(M.A Graduate in English Translation, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Iran)
Mahshad Tasnimi
2
(Associate Professor, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Iran)
کلید واژه: culture, Translation strategy, Culture-specific items (CSIs), Source language (SL), Target language (TL),
چکیده مقاله :
There have always been problems translating culture-specific items because of the differences between the source and target language cultures. For example, differences exist between languages regarding religions, rituals, clothes, food, and communication norms, though some cultures may be extremely close. The present study aimed to examine the strategies used to translate the culture-specific items in the novel “Inferno” (Brown, 2013) from English into Persian by the Iranian translator Manizhe Jalali (2013). The data was first extracted from the source text based on Newmark’s (1988) and Aixela’s (1996) theoretical models. Then, Vinay and Darbelnet’s classification (1958) was applied to find the strategies used by the translator to render culture-specific items. To achieve the study's goal, the researcher extracted 1000 culture-specific items from the novel “Inferno.” The Persian translations of these items were studied using a corpus-based and descriptive design to recognize the equivalents chosen by the translator. The content analysis results indicated that the translator used 12 different types of strategies: borrowing, literal translation, adaptation, explicitation, generalization, amplification, transposition, calque, particularization, reduction, equivalence, and implicitation. The results also showed that borrowing, literal translation, and amplification were the most prevailing and frequently applied translation procedures, while equivalence, particularization, implicitation, and transposition were the least frequently utilized ones. It was also found that no modulation strategy was used regarding culture-specific items in the translation of the novel “Inferno” from English into Persian. The results of this study are helpful for general readers, translators, and translation teachers to select the more appropriate translation strategies, which results in a better understanding of literary books.
به دلیل تفاوت بین فرهنگ های زبان مبدا و مقصد ، همیشه در ترجمه عناصر فرهنگی مشکلاتی وجود داشته است. به عنوان مثال ، اختلافات بین زبان ها در مورد ادیان ، آیین ها ، لباس ها ، غذا و هنجارهای ارتباطی وجود دارد ، اگرچه برخی از فرهنگ ها ممکن است بسیار به هم نزدیک باشند. مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی استراتژی های مورد استفاده برای ترجمه عناصر فرهنگی در رمان "دوزخ" (براون ، ۲۰۱۳) از انگلیسی به فارسی توسط مترجم ایرانی منیژه جلالی (۲۰۱۳) انجام شده است. ابتدا داده ها بر اساس مدل های نظری نیومارک (۱۹۸۸) و آیکسلا (۱۹۹۶) از متن منبع استخراج شد. سپس ، طبقه بندی وینی و داربلنت (۱۹۵۸) برای یافتن استراتژی های مورد استفاده توسط مترجم جهت ترجمه عناصر فرهنگی استفاده شد. برای رسیدن به هدف مطالعه ، محقق ۱۰۰۰ عناصر فرهنگی را از رمان "دوزخ" استخراج کرد. ترجمه های فارسی این موارد با استفاده از یک طرح توصیفی مبتنی بر پیکره برای شناسایی معادل های انتخاب شده توسط مترجم مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. نتایج تجزیه و تحلیل محتوا نشان داد که مترجم از 12 نوع استراتژی مختلف استفاده کرده است: وام گیری ، ترجمه تحت اللفظی ، اقتباس ، تصریح ، تعمیم ، افزایش ، جابجایی ، گرته برداری ، جزئی سازی ، کاهش ، معادل سازی و تلویح. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که وامگیری ، ترجمه تحت اللفظی و افزایش متداول ترین و پر تکرار ترین روش های ترجمه، در حالی که معادل سازی ، جزئی سازی ، تلویح و جابجایی کم تکرار ترین موارد استفاده شده بودند. همچنین مشخص شد که از استراتژی «ترجمه تعدیلی» در مورد عناصر فرهنگی در ترجمه رمان "دوزخ" از انگلیسی به فارسی استفاده نشده است. نتایج این مطالعه برای خوانندگان عام ، مترجمان و معلمان ترجمه مفید است تا استراتژی های ترجمه مناسب تری را انتخاب کنند ، که نتیجه آن درک بهتر کتاب های ادبی است.
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