آزمون هم‌ارزی جنسی ساختار عاملی نسخة کوتاه پرسشنامة نظم‌دهی شناختی هیجان

محورهای موضوعی : روان‌ شناسی تحولی

منیره حسین آبادی ¹ , امید شکری ²

1 - کارشناس ارشد روان شناسی بالینی
2 - استادیار دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

تاریخ دریافت : 1394/10/20 تاریخ پذیرش : 1394/10/20 تاریخ انتشار : 1394/10/01

کلید واژه: تحلیل عاملی تأییدی چندگروهی, تغییرناپذیری عاملی, پرسشنامة نظم­دهی شناختی هیجان, تفاوت­های جنسی,

چکیده مقاله :

پژوهش حاضر با هدف آزمون تغییرناپذیری اندازه گیری پرسشنامة نظم دهی شناختی هیجان (گارنفسکی، کرایج و اسپینهاون، 2001) برحسب جنس در گروهی از دانشجویان دختر و پسر ایرانی انجام شد. در این پژوهش، 349 دانشجوی کارشناسی (167 پسر و 182 دختر) به پرسشنامة نظم دهی شناختی هیجان پاسخ دادند. به منظور بررسی تغییرناپذیری عاملی این پرسشنامه در دو جنس از تحلیل عاملی تأییدی چندگروهی استفاده شد. نتایج تحلیل عاملی تأییدی تک گروهی نشان دادند که در کل نمونه و در دو جنس، الگوی 9 عاملی پرسشنامة نظم دهی شناختی هیجان شامل خودسرزنشگری، پذیرش، نشخوارگری، تمرکز مجدد مثبت، تمرکز مجدد بر برنامه ریزی، ارزیابی مثبت مجدد، کم اهمیت شماری، فاجعه نمایی و دیگرسرزنشگری، برازش خوبی با داده ها داشتند. نتایج تحلیل عامل تأییدی چندگروهی، تغییرناپذیری بین گروهی باقیمانده های اندازه گیری این پرسشنامه، کواریانس های ساختاری و وزن های اندازه گیری را در دو جنس نشان دادند. در مجموع، نتایج نشان دادند که ابعاد چندگانة پرسشنامة نظم دهی شناختی هیجان در دو جنس به طور یکسان ادراک شده اند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

This study aimed to examine the measurement invariance of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ, Garnefski, Kraaij & Spinhoven, 2001) among male and female students. Three hundred and forty nine university students (182 females, 167 males) completed the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis was used to examinethe factorial invariance of the CERQ for both females and males. The results of single-group confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the nine-factor model of CERQ consisted of self-blame, acceptance, rumination, positive refocusing, refocus on planning, positive reappraisal, putting into perspective, catastrophizing and other-blame fit to the datafor the total sample and also for male and female groups, independently. The results of multi-group confirmatory factor analysis indicated cross-group invariance of measurement residuals, structural covariances and regression weights of the CERQ for both male and female. The findings suggested that multiple factors of the CERQ were perceived equally across the two gender.  

منابع و مأخذ:

امین‏آبادی، ز.، دهقانی، م. و خداپناهی، م. ک. (1390). بررسی ساختار عاملی و اعتباریابی پرسشنامة تنظیم هیجان شناختی. مجلة علوم رفتاری، 5 (4)، 371-365.

حسنی، ج. (1389). خصوصیات روان‏سنجی پرسشنامة نظم‏جویی شناختی هیجان. مجلة روان‏شناسی بالینی، 2 (3)، 83-73.

حسنی، ج. و میرآقایی، ع. م. (1391). رابطة راهبردهای تنظیم شناختی هیجان با ایده‎پردازی خودکشی. دو فصلنامه روان‎شناسی معاصر، 7(13)، 72-61.

حسنی، ج.، شیخان، ر.، آریاناکیا، ا. و محمودزاده، ا. (1392). اضطراب اجتماعی نوجوانان: نقش سبک‌های دلبستگی و راهبردهای نظم‌جویی شناختی هیجان. فصلنامة روان‏شناسی تحولی: روان‏شناسان ایرانی، 9(36)، 375-363.

سامانی، س. و صادقی، ل. (1389). کفایت شاخص‏های روان‏سنجی پرسشنامه تنظیم شناختی هیجان. فصلنامه روش‏ها و مدل‏های روان‎شناختی، 1(1)، 62-51.

سرمد، ز.، بازرگان، ع. و حجازی، ا. (1383). روش‌های تحقیق در علوم رفتاری. تهران: انتشارات آگاه.

گلستانه، ا. و سروقد، س. (1392). نقش واسطه‏ای نگرانی در رابطة بین راهبردهای نظم‏دهی شناختی هیجان و افسردگی و اضطراب. فصلنامة روان‏شناسی تحولی: روان‏شناسان ایرانی، 9(35)، 269-259.

Abdi, S., Taban, S., & Ghaemian, A. (2012). Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire: Validity and reliability of the Persian translation of the CERQ (36-item). Social and Behavioral Sciences, 32, 2-7.

Amirkhan, J., & Auyeung, B. (2007). Coping with stress across the lifespan: Absolute vs. relative changes in strategy. Journal of Applied Deve-lopmental Psychology, 28, 298-317.

Ang, R. P., Huan, V. S., & Braman, O. R. (2007). Factorial structure and invariance of the academic expectations stress inventory across Hispanic and Chinese adolescent sample. Child Psychiatry Human Development, 38, 73-87.

Bartley, C. E., & Roesch, S. C. (2011). Coping with daily stress: The role of conscientiousness. Per-sonality and Individual Differences, 50, 79-83.

Berking, M., & Znoj, H. (2008). Development and validation of a self-report measure for the assessment of emotion regulation skills (SEK-27). Zeitschrift Fur Psychiatrie Psychologie Und Psychotherapie, 56(2), 141–153.

Besharat, M. A., EtemadiNia, M., & Farahani, H. (2013). Anger and major depressive disorder: The mediating role of emotion regulation and anger rumination. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 6(1), 35-41.

Bonanno, G. A., Papa, A., Lalande, K., Westphal, M., & Coifman, K. (2004). The importance of being flexible: The ability to both enhance and suppress emotional expression predicts long-term adjust-ment. Psychological Science, 15(7), 482-487.

Bridges, L. J., Denham, S. A., & Ganiban, J. M. (2004). Definitional issues in emotion regulation research. Child Development, 75(2), 340-345.

Brown, T. (2006). CFA with equality constraints, multiple groups, and mean structures. In T. Brown (Ed.), Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research (pp.236–319). New York: Guildford Press.

Buckholdt, K. E., Parra, G. R., & Jobe-Shields, L. (2009). Emotion regulation as a mediator of the relation between emotion socialization and deliberate self-harm. American Journal of Ortho-psychiatry, 79(4), 482-490.

Byrne, B.M. (2006). Structural equation modeling with EQS and EQS: Basic concepts, applications and programming (2nd ed.). Mahwah, N. J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Byrne, B. M., & Watkins, D. (2003). The issue of measurement invariance revisited. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 34, 155-175.

Calkins, S. D. (2010). Commentary: Conceptual and methodological challenges to the study of emotion regulation and psychopathology. Journal of Psycho-pathology and Behavioral Assessment, 32(1), 92-95.

Cisler, J. M., Olatunji, B. O., Feldner, M. T., & Forsyth, J. P. (2010). Emotion regulation and the anxiety disorders: An integrative review. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 32(1), 68-82.

Chan, D. (2000). Detection of differential item func-tioning on the Kirton Adaption–Innovation Inven-tory using multiplegroup mean and covariance structure analyses. Multivariate Behavioral Re-search, 35, 169-199.

Cohn, A. M., Jakupcak, M., Seibert, L. A., Hildebrandt, T. B., & Zeichner, A. (2010). The role of emotion dysregulation in the association between men's restrictive emotionality and use of physical aggression. Psychology of Men & Mas-culinity, 11(1), 53-64.

d’Acremont, M., & Van der Linden, M. (2007). How is impulsivity related to depression in adolescence? Evidence from a French validation of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Journal of Ado-lescence, 30, 271-282.

Garnefski, N., Boon, S., & Kraaij, V. (2003). Relationships between cognitive strategies of adolescents and depressive symptomatology ac-ross different types of life events. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 32, 401-408.

Garnefski, N., & Kraaij, V. (2006a). Relationships between cognitive emotion regulation strategies and depressive symptoms: A comparative study of five specific samples. Personality and Individual Differences, 40, 1659-1669.

Garnefski, N., & Kraaij, V. (2006b). Cognitive Emo-tion Regulation Questionnaire: Development of a short 18-item version (CERQ-short). Perso-nality and Individual Differences, 41, 1045-1053.

Garnefski, N., & Kraaij, V. (2007). The Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire psychometric features and prospective relationships with depression and anxiety in adults. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 23(3), 141-149.

Garnefski, N., Kraaij, V., & Spinhoven, P. (2001). Negative life events, cognitive emotion regu-lation, and emotional problems. Personality and Individual Differences, 30, 1311-1327.

Garnefski, N., Kraaij, V., & Spinhoven, P. (2002). Manual for the use of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Leiderdorp, The Nether-lands: DATEC.

Garnefski, N., Legerstee, J., Kraaij, V. V., Van Den Kommer, T., & Teerds, J. (2002). Cognitive coping strategies and symptoms of depression and anxiety: A comparison between adolescents and adults. Journal of Adolescence, 25, 603-611.

Garnefski, N., Teerds, J., Kraaij, V., Legerstee, J., & van den Kommer, T. (2004). Cognitive emotion regulation strategies and depressive symptoms: Differences between males and females. Personality and Individual Differences, 36, 267-276.

Gratz, K. L., Rosenthal, M. Z., Tull, M. T., Lejuez, C. W., & Gunderson, J. G. (2006). An experimental investigation of emotion dysregulation in borderline personality disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psy-chology, 115(4), 850-855.

Gratz, K. L., & Tull, M. T. (2010). Emotion regulation as a mechanism of change in acceptance and mind-fulness-based treatments. In R. A. Baer (Ed.), Assessing mindfulness and acceptance: Illumi-nating the processes of change. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications.

Gresham, D., & Gullone, E. (2012). Emotion regulation strategy use in children and adolescents: The expla-natory roles of personality and attachment. Perso-nality and Individual Differences, 52, 616-621.

Gross, J. J. (2002). Emotion regulation: Affective, cognitive, and social consequences. Psycho-phy-siology, 39, 281-291.

Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003). Individual differ-rences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(2), 348-362.

Hasking, P. A., Coric, S. J., Swannell, S., Martin, G., Thompson, H. K., & Frost, A. D. J. (2010). Emotion regulation and coping as moderators in the relationship between personality and self-injury. Journal of Adolescence, 33, 767-773.

Hoelter, J. W. (1983). Factorial invariance and self- esteem reassessing race and sex differences. Social Forces, 61 (3), 834-846.

Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Con-ventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55.

Jermann, F., Van der Linden, M., d’Acremont, M., & Zermatten, A. (2006). Cognitive Emotion Regu-lation Questionnaire (CERQ): Confirmatory factor analysis and psychometric properties of the French translation. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 22 (2), 126-131.

John, O. P., & Gross, J. J. (2004). Healthy and unhealthy emotion regulation: Personality processes, individual differences, and life span development. Journal of Personality, 72(6), 1301-1333.

Kun, B., & Demetrovics, Z. (2010). Emotional intelligence and addictions: A systematic review. Substance Use & Misuse, 45(7&8), 1131-1160.

Marsella, A. J., & Leong, F. T. L. (1995). Cross-cultural issues in personality and career assessment. Journal of Career Assessment, 3, 202-218.

Martin, R. C., & Dahlen, E. R. (2005). Cognitive emotion regulation in the prediction of depression, anxiety, stress, and anger. Personality and Indi-vidual Differences, 39, 1249-1260.

Mauss, I. B., Bunge, S. A., & Gross, J. J. (2007). Automatic emotion regulation. Social and Per-sonality Psychology Compass, 1, 146-147.

Mauss, I. B., Levenson, R. W., McCarter, L., Wilhelm, F. H., & Gross, J. J. (2005). The tie that binds? Coherence among emotion experience, be-havior, and physiology. Emotion, 5(2), 175-190.

Meade, A. W., & Lautenschlager, G. J. (2004). A comparison of items response theory and confir-matory factor analytic methodologies for esta-blishing measurement equivalence/invariance. Or-ganizational Research Methods, 7, 361-388.

Mikolajczak, M., Petrides, K. V., & Hurry, J. (2009). Adolescents choosing self-harm as an emotion regulation strategy: The protective role of trait emotional intelligence. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 48, 181-193.

Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Aldao, A. (2011). Gender and age differences in emotion regulation strategies and their relationship to depressive symptoms. Perso-nality and Individual Differences, 51, 704-708.

Ongen, D. E. (2010). Cognitive emotion regulation in the prediction of depression and submissive behavior: Gender and grade level differences in Turkish. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 9, 1516-1523.

Raju, N. S., Lafitte, L. J., & Byrne, B. M. (2002). Measurement equivalence: A comparison of methods based on confirmatory factor analysis and item response theory. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 517-529.

Rigotti, T., Schyns, B., & Mohr, G. (2008). A short version of the Occupational Self-Efficacy Scale: Structural and construct validity across five countries. Journal of Career Assessment, 16 (2), 238-255.

Roberton, T., Daffern, M., & Bucks, R. S. (2012). Emotion regulation and aggression. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 17, 72-82.

Rottenberg, J., & Gross, J. J. (2007). Emotion and emotion regulation: A map for psychotherapy researchers. Clinical Psychology-Science and Prac-tice, 14(4), 323-328.

Sullivan, T. N., Helms, S. W., Kliewer, W., & Goodman, K. L. (2010). Associations between sadness and anger regulation coping, emotional expression, and physical and relational aggression among urban adolescents. Social Development, 19(1), 30-51.

Tager, D., Good, G. E., & Brammer, S. (2010). “Walking over 'em”: An exploration of relations between emotion dysregulation, masculine norms,
and intimate partner abuse in a clinical sample of men. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 11(3), 233-239.

Tull, M. T., Barrett, H. M., McMillan, E. S., & Roemer, L. (2007). A preliminary investigation of the relationship between emotion regulation difficulties and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Behavior Therapy, 38(3), 303-313.

Xie, D., Leong, F. T. L., & Feng, S. (2008). Culture-specific personality correlates of anxiety among Chinese and Caucasian college students. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 11, 163-174.

Zlomke, K. R., & Hahn, K. S. (2010). Cognitive emotion regulation strategies: Gender differences and associations to worry. Personality and Indi-vidual Differences, 48, 408-413.