رابطه بین سبک‌های دلبستگی و صمیمیت والدین با افسردگی کودک: نقش واسطه‌ای حرمت خود
محورهای موضوعی : روان درمانگریدنیا نوروزی 1 , مهرناز احمدی 2
1 - کارشناس ارشد روان‌شناسی بالینی
دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی
واحد تهران جنوب
2 - استادیار گروه روان‌شناسی
دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی
واحد تهران جنوب
کلید واژه: سبک های دلبستگی, حرمت خود, افسردگی کودک, صمیمیت والدین,
چکیده مقاله :
هـدف ایـن پژوهـش بررسـی نقـش واسـطه‌ای حرمـت خـود در رابطـه بیـن سـبک‌های دلبسـتگی و صمیمیـت والدیـن بـا افسـردگی کـودک بــود. شــرکت‌کنندگان شــامل ۲۰۵ دانش آمــوز دختــر پایه‌هــای تحصیلــی ســوم تــا ششــم دبســتان‌های منطقــه ۹ شــهر تهــران در ســال تحصیلــی ۱۳۹۸-۱۳۹۷بودنـد کـه بـا روش نمونه‌بـرداری دردسـترس انتخـاب شـدند و بـه سـیاهه افسـردگی کـودکان (کواکـس، ۱۹۹۲)، پرسشـنامه طبقه‌بنـدی سـبک‌های دلبسـتگی (فینـزی- دوتـان، کوهـن، ایوانیـچ، سـاپییر و ویزمـن، ۲۰۰۶)، پرسشـنامه پذیـرش و طـرد والدیـن (روهنـر، ۲۰۰۷) و سـیاهه فرهنـگ نابسـته حرمـت خـود (باتـل، ۲۰۰۲) پاسـخ دادنـد. نتایـج آزمـون همبسـتگی پیرسـون نشـان داد بیـن افسـردگی بـا حرمـت خـود، دلبسـتگی ایمـن و صمیمیـت والدیـن رابطـه مثبـت و بـا سـبک های دلبسـتگی اجتنابـی و دوسـوگرا/اضطرابی رابطـه منفـی وجـود دارد. افـزون بـر آن، حرمـت خـود نیـز بـا دلبسـتگی ایمـن و صمیمیـت والدیـن رابطـه مثبـت و بـا سـبک‌های دلبسـتگی اجتنابـی و دوسـوگرا/اضطرابی رابطـه منفـی معنـادار دارد. نتایـج نشـان داد حرمـت خـود در رابطـه دلبسـتگی (ایمـن و اجتنابـی) و صمیمیـت والدیـن بـا افسـردگی نقـش واسـطه‌ای دارد. بـر همیـن اسـاس، سـبک‌های دلبسـتگی و صمیمیـت والدیـن ۲۵ درصـد از واریانـس حرمـت‌خـود و افسـردگی ۵۲ درصـد از واریانـس دلبسـتگی، صمیمیـت والدیـن و حرمـت خـود کـودکان را تبییـن می‌کنـد. درمجمـوع نتایـج نشـان می‌دهـد کـه بـا بـالا بـردن مهارت‌هـای والدگـری و افزایـش سـطوح حرمـت‌خـود در کـودکان بـا سـبک‌های دلبسـتگی اجتنابـی می‌تـوان از بـروز نشـانه‌های افسـردگی در آنهـا پیشـگیری کـرد.
The aim of present study was to examine the mediating role of self-esteem in relevance between attachment styles and parental warmth with depression. The research design was descriptive-correlational. Participants consists of 205 female primary school students who were selected by convenience sampling method in 2018-2019 academic year. All students completed the attachment styles classification questionnaire (Ricky Finzi-Dottan, 2006), Child Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire (Rohner, 2007), Culture-Free Self-Esteem Inventory (Battel, 2002), Children’s Depression Inventory (kovacs, 1992). Pearson correlation test results showed among depression with self-esteem, secure attachment styles and parental warmth had pos- itive relation and with insecure attachment styles had negative relation (P<0/001). Also among self-esteem with secure attachment style and parental warmth had positive relation and with insecure attachment styles had negative relation (P<0/01).findings showed that, 25 percent of the variance in self-esteem can be explained by parental warmth and attachment styles. Also, attachment styles, parental warmth and self-esteem are able to account for 52 percent of the variance in depression among female students. In the rela- tionship among attachment styles and parental warmth with depression, the self-esteem had a mediation role In general, the findings showed that by raising parenting skills and increasing self-esteem levels in children with avoidant attachment styles, depressive symptoms can be prevented.
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