مسئولیت بین المللی حمایت و حاکمیت دولتها
محورهای موضوعی : روابط بین الملل
1 - عضو هیئت علمی دانشکده علوم سیاسی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی تهران مرکزی
کلید واژه: مسئولیت حمایت, حاکمیت, مداخله بشر دوستانه, حقوق بشر, دولتها,
چکیده مقاله :
این مقاله به چگونگی ظهور دکترین مسئولیت بین المللی حمایت در پی توسعه حقوق بشر و کمرنگ شدن حاکمیت دولتها می‌پردازد. مسئولیت حمایت یک مفهوم در حال تحول در مورد وظایف دولتها برای جلوگیری و پایان دادن به اعمال خشونت علیه مردم است و هدف آن ارائه یک مبنای حقوقی و اخلاقی برای مداخله بشر دوستانه است. افزایش جنگهای داخلی در دهه 1990، نقض فاحش حقوق بشر و معضلات ناشی از مداخلات بشر دوستانه، ضرورت ایجاد مسئولیت بین المللی حمایت را آشکار نمود. این دکترین یک تفکر جدید در حاکمیت است که تأکید می‌کند حاکمیت به معنای امتیاز نیست بلکه به معنای مسئولیت است. لذا حاکمیت به معنای کنترل به حاکمیت به معنای مسئولیت تبدیل شده است. بر اساس این ایده جدید، حکمرانان بایستی در مورد رفتار با مردمشان، پاسخگوی جامعه جهانی باشند. مسئولیت حمایت دو اثر مهم در مناسبات بین المللی داشته است. یکی اینکه حاکمیت دولت مطلق نبوده و قابل تغییر و تعدیل است و دیگری آنکه حقوق فردی بطور جدی مورد توجه جامعه جهانی قرار گرفته است.
Abstract This paper attempts to analyze the emergence of the doctrine of "international responsibility to protect" in the climate of human rights extension and decline of the national states sovereignty. The "responsibility to protect" is an evolving concept that shoes the duties of the governments to provide a legal ethical for humanitarian intervention. The increase of internal wars in 1990's the violation of human rights and the dilemma of implication of humanitarian intervention clearly showed the necessity of the foundation of "responsibility to protect". This doctrine is implication of new thinking on sovereignty, which says sovereignty is not "privilege" but is a "Responsibility". So sovereignty as "control" changed to sovereignty as "Responsibility". Upon This new idea governors should to world community about behavior to their peoples. The "Responsibility to protect" has had two important the effect in international relation, first it became clear that the sovereignty of national states is no more also lute and could be declined. Secondly, the individual rights has become seriously under observation of international community.
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