فردگرایی در سیاست خارجی آمریکا در دوره دونالد ترامپ: نتایج و پیامدها
محورهای موضوعی : روابط بین الملل
وحید نوری
1
(عضو هیئت علمی گروه علوم سیاسی، پژوهشگاه حوزه و دانشگاه)
سید حسن حسینی
2
(کارشناسی ارشد روابط بین الملل دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی علوم تحقیقات واحد قم)
کلید واژه: سیاست خارجی, دونالد ترامپ, نظریه پیوستگی جیمز روزنا, مدل سنجش شخصیت هگزاکو, چاچوب تحلیل شخصیتِ پوپولیسم اقتدارگرا,
چکیده مقاله :
چکیده دو سال از دوران ریاست دونالد ترامپ بر دولت آمریکا می گذرد؛ دو سالی که واشنگتن سیاست خارجی پرتلاطمی را به نمایش گذاشته است؛ هر روزه خبرهایی از تصمیمات جدید ترامپ رسانه ای می شود که وصف پیش بینی ناپذیر را شایسته سیاست خارجی آمریکا نموده است. مقاله پیش روی می کوشد علل مبنایی چنین تغییراتی را دریابد؛ بنابراین سؤال اصلی مقاله آن است که مهم‌ترین متغیر تأثیرگذار بر سیاست خارجی اخیر آمریکا چیست؟ در پاسخ با بهره گیری از نظریه جیمز روزنا در سیاست خارجی، یافته های دو پژوهش شخصیت سنجی ترامپ، ارزیابی مواضع سیاست خارجی، تحلیل نحوه تعامل وی با نهادهای سیاستگذاری خارجی و نیز تحولات درونی آنها، به عنوان فرضیه استدلال می شود که ویژگی های شخصیتی ترامپ، موجب ارتقاء جایگاه متغیر فردی بر دیگر عوامل تأثیرگذار سیاست خارجی آمریکا یعنی، متغیرهای سیستمی، بوروکراتیک، اجتماعی و نقشی شده است. پوپولیسم اقتدارگرایانه، خودشیفتگی، انتقام‌جویی و ناسازگاری ویژگی‌های برجسته شخصیت ترامپ است که خودمحوری نهفته در او را آشکار می سازد؛ این ویژگی‌های فردی ترامپ وزن و نسبت میان نهادهای بوروکراتیک سیاست خارجی را تحت تأثیر قرار داده و اینک نهادهایی کاملاً همسو با نظرات رئیس جمهور شکل گرفته است.
Abstract: Two years has passed since the day Trump took office; In the course of this period, Washington has shown a turbulent foreign policy. Every new decision on foreign policy along with withdrawal announcement by Trump’s administration astonishes the world. This process could be described by the term “Unforeseeable” due to its unconventionality. Therefore, this paper aim is to root out the fundamental cause. Then the main question is what are the leading factors in the U.S foreign policy under Trump administration? In response to the point of view, by using the theory of “continuity” and the findings of two personality-characterization studies, assessing foreign policy positions, analyzing how he interacts with foreign policy institutions and its internal developments, it is argued as a hypothesis that psychological traits of Trump has promoted the status of individual factor on other influential resources of American foreign policy, namely, systemic, bureaucratic, social and role factors. “Populist Authoritarianism”, “Narcissism”, "Revengefulness" and” disagreeableness” are the most prominent characteristics of Trump’s personality which lead U.S toward an Egoistic foreign policy. These individual characteristics of Trump outweighs the bureaucratic institutions of foreign policy, hence made the institutions completely in line with the views of the president. Challenging accompanied by withdrawing from international treaties and arrangements can be considered as result; To the extent that, according to some experts, the existing world order and its compounds are at stake.
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