بررسی قابلیت تولید و تحمل به خشکی سه رقم ارزن و سورگوم اسپیدفید در منطقه رفسنجان

محورهای موضوعی : مجله علمی- پژوهشی اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهی

محمد صفائی ¹ (دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه ولی‌عصر رفسنجان، رفسنجان، ایران)
آرمان آذری ² (استادیار، عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه ولی‌عصر رفسنجان، رفسنجان، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1397/02/02 تاریخ پذیرش : 1397/08/02 تاریخ انتشار : 1399/01/01

کلید واژه: عملکرد, تنش خشکی, علوفه, ارزن,

چکیده مقاله :

این تحقیق با هدف بررسی میزان تحمل به خشکی ارقام ارزن در منطقه رفسنجان به‌صورت آزمایش کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. عامل اصلی دور آبیاری در سه سطح شامل انجام آبیاری پس از 80 (شاهد)، 120 و 160 میلی‌متر تبخیر از تشتک تبخیرکلاس A و عامل فرعی شامل یک رقم سورگوم (Sorghum bicolor var. Speedfeed) و سه رقم ارزن باستان (Setaria italica var. Bastan)، پیشاهنگ (Panicum miliaceum var. Pishahang) و نوتریفید (Pennisetum americanum var. Nutrifeed) بود. براساس نتایج، افزایش دور آبیاری سبب کاهش در صفات رویشی و فیزیولوژیک و عملکرد علوفه گردید و بر اهمیت ساقه به عنوان اندام ذخیره‌ای مهم در این شرایط افزود. تنش خشکی سبب کاهش سطح برگ و شاخص پربرگی شد و از این طریق سبب کاهش کیفیت علوفه تولیدی گردید. تحمل به خشکی سورگوم اسپیدفید به دلیل تولید ماده خشک زیادتر و بالاترین مقادیر شاخص‌های MP، GMP، STI و HAM، بیشتر از ارقام ارزن مورد مطالعه بود. بیشترین عملکرد خشک علوفه (Kg/ha 9376) از سورگوم اسپیدفید و در بین اقام ارزن نیز از رقم پیشاهنگ (Kg/ha 6251) در دور آبیاری شاهد بدست آمد. ارزن پیشاهنگ نیز بر سایر ارقام ارزن برتری داشت. ارزن نوتریفید به دلیل تولید عملکرد خشک برگ و همچنین دارا بودن بیشترین شاخص پربرگی (45%) و درصد پروتئین خام (7/20) از کیفیت علوفه بالاتری برخوردار می‌باشد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

In order to evaluation of producibility and drought tolerance of three varieties of forage mille and one variety of sorghum, the experiment was conducted a split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Irrigation frequencies consisted of irrigation after 80 (control), 120 and 160 mm evaporation from class A pan as main plots and sub plots was consisted of sorghum varietiy (Sorghum bicolor var. Speedfeed) and three varieties of millet (Setaria italica var. Bastan, Panicum miliaceum var. Pishahang and Pennisetum americanum var. Nutrifeed). Irrigation after 120 mm evaporation resulted in a mild drought stress. However, the delay in irrigation reduced values of studied growth and physiological characteristics forage yield and reserves in shoot appeared to be important in this situation. Drought stress reduced forage quality by reducing the leaf area and leafy index. Sorghum variety compared to millet varieties had higher drought tolerance due to higher dry matter production as well as the highest value of tolerance indices MP, GMP, STI and HAM. Of the three varieties of millet, Pishahang proved superiority. At control irrigation frequency, highest forage yield (6251 Kg/ha) produced by Speedfeed, and the highest forage yield (9376 Kg/ha) obtained from Pishahang among millet cultivars. Higher forage quality achieved by Nutrifeed millet due to highest of leaf dry weight, leafier index (45%) and crude protein percent (20.7), which can be considered in agronomic decisions.

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