برخی واکنش های فیزیولوژیکی دو رقم گندم نان به محلول‌پاشی سالیسیلیک اسید در شرایط تنش خشکی

محورهای موضوعی : مجله علمی- پژوهشی اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهی

فرشته دارابی ¹ (دانشجوی دکتری فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران)
رحیم ناصری ² (گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران)
امیر میرزایی ³ (بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان ایلام، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ایلام، ایران)
میثم مرادی ⁴ (مربی، گروه علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1395/11/14 تاریخ پذیرش : 1397/07/01 تاریخ انتشار : 1398/07/01

کلید واژه: تنش خشکی, نشت یونی, فتوسنتز, محتوای نسبی آب,

چکیده مقاله :

به منظور بررسی برخی واکنش‌های فیزیولوژیکی دو رقم گندم نان در پاسخ به محلول‌پاشی سالیسیلیک اسید در شرایط متغیر رطوبتی، آزمایشی به صورت اسپلیت پلات دوبار خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در چهار تکرار در مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی سرابله در سال زراعی 94-1393 انجام شد. فاکتورهای مورد بررسی شامل تیمارهای رطوبتی در سه سطح (کنترل (100)، 70 و 40 درصد ظرفیت زراعی خاک) در کرت‌های اصلی، سالیسیلیک اسید در سه سطح (شاهد (صفر)، 50 و 100 میکرومولار) در کرت فرعی و دو رقم گندم نان (پیشتاز و بهار) در کرت‌های فرعی فرعی قرار گرفتند. صفات مورد بررسی شامل عملکرد، محتوای آب نسبی، نشت‌یونی، فتوسنتز و فعالیت کربوکسیلازی روبیسکو، هدایت روزنه‌ای و کربن دی اکسید زیر روزنه‌ای و میزان تعرق بودند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر متقابل تنش خشکی و محلول پاشی سالیسیلیک اسید در تمامی صفات مورد بررسی معنی‌دار بود. اگرچه با افزایش شدت تنش خشکی عملکرد دانه و محتوای نسبی آب کاهش یافت اما کاربرد سالیسیلیک اسید در این شرایط سبب بهبود این صفات شد. همچنین با افزایش شدت تنش خشکی نشت یونی افزایش یافت که با کاربرد سالیسیلیک اسید این میزان کاهش یافت. فتوسنتز و فعالیت کربوکسیلازی روبیسکو با افزایش سطوح غلظت سالیسیک اسید نسبت به شاهد (عدم محلول پاشی) کاهش یافت. به طور کلی با توجه به نقش سالیسیلک اسید در تقلیل تاثیر منفی تنش بر برخی فرایندهای فیزیولوژیکی مورد مطالعه در این پژوهش، کاربرد آن در شرایط تنش خشکی قابل توصیه می‌باشد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

To investigate the responses of some physiological parameters of two wheat cultivars to Salicylic acid under variable moisture condition, an Split split plot experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications at Agricultural Research Center of Sarableh, Ilam during 2014-2015 cropping season. Experimental factors included Moisture treatments in three levels (control (100), 70 and 40 % Field capacity) In the main plots, Salicylic acid in three levels (0, 50 and 100 µM) in the sub plot and two wheat cultivar (Bahar and Pishtaz) in sub sub plot. Studied traits in this study included yield, Relative Water Content, Stomatal conductance, Rubisco activity, Photosynthetic rate, Transpiration rate, Electrolyte leakage and Sub stomatal CO2 concentration. The results showed that Triple interaction between drought stress, salicylic acid and Cultivars on all traits was significant. Although By increasing drought stress yield and Relative Water Content was significantly decreased, while the use of salicylic acid in this situation improve these traits. Also by increasing drought stress Electrolyte leakage were decreased, but the use of salicylic acid improved that. Photosynthetic rate and Rubisco activity By increasing salicylic acid Decreased In comparison with control. In general, given the role of salicylic acid in reducing the negative impact of stress on some physiological processes that studied in this research, its application in drought conditions is advisable.

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