تاثیر فلز کادمیوم بر میزان آنزیم کاتالاز و بیومارکر دی تیروزین در برخی گونه های زراعی
محورهای موضوعی : یافته های نوین کشاورزیسیده فاطمه موسوی 1 , داود حبیبی 2 , افشین مظفری 3 , نورعلی ساجدی 4
1 - دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد اراک، ایران
2 - دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد کرج، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، کرج، ایران
3 - دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد ایلام، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، ایلام، ایران
4 - دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد اراک، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، اراک، ایران
کلید واژه: آنزیم آنتی اکسیدانت, بیومارکر بیوشیمیایی, کاتالاز و دی تیروزین,
چکیده مقاله :
این آزمایش در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد کرج در سال 89- 1388به اجرا در آمد. آزمایش بصورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک های کامل تصادفی با 3 تکرار اجرا شد. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل میزان کادمیوم در خاک در سه سطح (صفر، 40 و 80 میلی گرم در کیلو گرم خاک خشک) و گونه گیاه زراعی در سه سطح (یونجه یکساله (Medicago rigidula)، ماشک گل خوشه ای (Vicia villosa) وکلزا(Barassica napus)) بود. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد میزان کادمیوم در خاک و گونه های زراعی بر کلیه صفات مورد مطالعه اثر معنی داری داشت. بالاترین میزان بیومارکر دی تیروزین (D-T) در کلزا (با 99/10 میکرومول بر گرم وزن تازه بافت) و پایین ترین میزان در گیاه ماشک گل خوشه ای (با 86/8 میکرومول بر گرم وزن تازه بافت) بود. بیشترین و کمترین میزان آنزیم آنتی اکسیدانت کاتالاز (CAT) به ترتیب متعلق بود یونجه (با 79/55 واحد بر میلی گرم پروتئین) و ماشک گل خوشه ای (با 77/52 واحد بر میلی گرم پروتئین). نتایج آزمایش نشان داد با افزایش غلظت کادمیوم (Cd)در خاک، مقدار بیومارکر دی تیروزین افزایش یافت اما برعکس میزان آنزیم کاتالاز کاهش یافت. دوز 80 و صفر (میلی گرم کادمیوم در کیلوگرم خاک خشک) به ترتیب با 72/11 و 52/6 (میکرومول بر گرم وزن تازه بافت) بالاترین و پایین ترین میزان بیومارکر دی تیروزین را به خود اختصاص دادند. دوز صفر و 80 (میلی گرم کادمیوم در کیلوگرم خاک خشک) به ترتیب با 30/63 و 39/49 (میکرومول بر گرم وزن تازه بافت) بالاترین و پایین ترین میزان آنزیم کاتالاز را به خود اختصاص دادند.
In order to study Effect of Cadmium on Ditirozin (D-T) Biochemical biomarker and Catalas (CAT) Antioxidant Enzyme in some Crop species the some Crop species, an experiment was conducted in experimental Greenhouse of Islamic Azad University of Karaj branch in 2009-2010 year. The studies were carried out in a Factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replactions. The factors were Cd doses into soil at three levels 0, 40 and 80 (mg Cd/kg.dw soil) and Crop species at three levels, annual Alfalfa (Medicago rigidula), Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa ) and Canola (Barassica napus). Results showed that different Crop species and Cd doses into soil had highly significant effect on all of Experiment characteristics. Highest amount of Ditirozin (D-T) Biochemical Biomarker related to Canola (with 10.99 µMol/g.Fw) and lowest of this trait related to Hairy vetch (with 8.86 µMol/g.Fw). Highest amount of Catalase (CAT) Antioxidant Enzyme related to Alfalfa (with 55.79 U/mg.protein) and lowest of this trait related to Hairy vetch(with 52.77 U/mg.protein). With increase Cd Doses into soil, Ditirozin (D-T) Biomarker content was increased, but Catalas Antioxidant Enzyme was decreased. 80 (mg Cd/kg.dw Soil) doses with 11.72 (µMol/g.Fw) and 0 (mg Cd/kg.dw Soil) doses with 6.52 (µMol/g.Fw) were highest and lowest Ditirozin (D-T) Content, respectively. 0 and 80 (mg Cd/kg.dw Soil) doses with 63.30 (U/mg.protein) and 49.39 (U/mg.protein) were highest and lowest Catalas (CAT) Antioxidant Enzyme Content, respectively.
1- Ali, B.M., Vajpayee, P., Tripathi, R.D., Rai, U.N., Singht, S.N. and Singhgh, S.P. 2003. Phytoremediation of lead, nickel and copper by Salix acmophyllaboiss. : Role of Antioxidant Enzymes and Antixidant substances. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 70: 462-469.
2- Baisak, R., Rana, D.A., Acharya, P.B.B. and Kar, M. 1994. Alterations in the activities of active oxygen scavenging enzymes of wheat leaves subjected to water stress. Plant Cell Physiol. 35: 489-495.
3- Becana, M., Dalton, D.A., Moran, J.F., Iturbe-Ormaetxe, I., Matamoros, M.A. and Rubio, M.C. 2000. Reactive oxygen species and antioxidants in legume nodules. Physiol. Plant. 109: 372-381.
4- Beladi, M., Habibi, D., Kashani, A., Paknejad, F. and Nooralvandi, T. 2011. Phytoremediation of Lead and Copper by Sainfoin (Onobrychis vicifolia): Role of Antioxidant Enzymes and Biochemical Biomarkers. American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci.10: 440-449.
5- Cakmak, I. and Horst, W.J. 1991. Effect of aluminium on lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase activities in root tip of soybean (Glycine max ). Physiol. Plant. 83: 463-468.
6- Chaoui, A., Mazhoudi, S., Ghorbal, M.H. and El-Ferjani, E. 1997. Cadmium and zinc induction of lipid peroxidation and effects on antioxidant enzyme activities in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Plant Sci. 127: 139-147.
7- Casano, L.M., Gomez, L.D., Lascano, H.R., Gonzales, C.A. and Trippi, V.S. 1997. Inactivation and degradation of CuZn-SOD by active oxygen species in wheat chloroplasts exposed to photo-oxidative stress. Plant Cell Physiology. 38: 433-440.
8- Comba, M.E., Benavides, M.P. and Tomaro, M.L. 1998. Effect of salt stress on antioxidant defence system in soybean root nodules. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 25: 665-671.
9- Dalurzo, H.C., Sandalio, L.M., Gomez, M. and Delrio, L.A. 1997. Cadmium infiltration of detached pea leaves: effect on its activated oxygen metabolism. Phyton-Annales Rei Botanicae. 37: 59–64.
10- Davey, M.W., Stals, E., Panis, B., Keulemans, J. and Swennen, R.L. 2005. High-Throughput determination of mabndialdehyde in plant tissues. Analytical Biochemistry. 347: 201-207.
11- Dietz, K.J., Baier, M. and Kramer, U. 1999. Free radicals and active oxygen species as mediators of heavy metal toxicity in plants. In: Prasad M.N.V., Hagemeyer J. (Eds.), Heavy Metal Stress in Plants. From Molecule to Ecosystems. Springer, Berlin, pp 73–97.
12- Fadzillah, N.M., Gill, V., Finch, R.P. and Burdon, R.H. 1996. Chilling, oxidative stress and antioxidant responses in shoot cultures of rice. Planta. 199: 552-556.
13- Feieraband, J. and Engel, S. 1986. Photoinactivation of catalase in vitro and in leaves. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 251: 567-576.
14- Filek, M., Keskinen, R., Hartikainen, H., Szarejko, I., Janiak, A., Miszalski, Z. and Golda A. 2008. The protective role of selenium in rape seedlings subjected to cadmium stress.Plant Physiol. 165: 833-844.
15- Gallego, S., Benavides, M. and Tomaro, M. 2002. Involvement of an antioxidant defense system in the adaptive response to heavy metal ions in Helianthus annuus L. cells. Plant Growth Regulation.36: 267–273.
16- Groppa, M.D., Tomaro, M.L. and Benarides, M.P. 2007. Polyamines and heavy metal stress: the antioxidant behavior of spermine in Cadmium and Copper treated wheat leaves.Biometals. 20: 185-195.
17- Hegedus, A., Erdei, S. and Horvath, G. 2001. Comparative studies of H2O2 detoxifying enzymes in green and greening barley seedling under cadmium stress. Plant Science.160: 1085-1093.
18- Hertwig, B., Streb, P. and Feieraband, J. 1992. Light dependence of catalase synthesis and degradation in leaves and the influence of interfer- ing stress conditions. Plant Physiol. 100: 1547-1553.
19- Inzed, D. and Van Montagu, M. 1995. Oxidative stress in plants. Curr. Opin. Biotech. 6: 153.
20- Khatun, S., Ali, M.B., Hahn, E.J. and Paek, K.Y. 2008. Cooper toxicity in withania somnifera: Growth and antioxidant enzymes responses of in vitro grown plants. Environmentaland Experimental Botany. 64: 279-285.
21- Kling, J. 1997. Phytoremediation of organics moving rapidly into field trials.Environ. Sci. Technol. 31, A129.
22- Kono, Y. and Fridovich, I. 1982. Superoxide radical inhibits catalase. J. Biological Chemistry. 257: 5751-5754.
23- Lin, C.C. and Kao, C.H. 2000. Effect of NaCl stress on H2O2 metabolism in rice leaves. Plant Growth Regul. 30: 151-155.
24- Lowry, O.H., N.J., Rosebrough, Farr, A.L. and Randall, R.J. 1951. Protein measurement with the Folin-Phenol reagents. J. Biol. Chem. 193: 275-265.
25- MacRae, E.A. and Ferguson, I.B. 1985. Changes in catalase activity and hydrogen peroxide concentration in plants in response to low temperature. Physiol. Plant. 65: 51-56.
26- Malanga, G. and Puntarulo, S. 1995. Oxidative stress and antioxidant Content in Chlorella vulgaris after exposure to ultraviolet-B radiation, Physiol. Plant. 94: 672-679.
27- Malecka, A., Jarmuszkiewicz, W. and Tomaszewska, B. 2001. Antioxidative defense to lead stress in subcellular compartments of pea root cells. Acta Biochim. Polon. 48: 687-698.
28- Mashhadi Akbar Boojar, M. and Goodarzi, F. 2007. The Copper tolerance strategies and the role of antioxidative enzymes in three plant species grown on copper mine. Chemosphere. 67: 2138-2147.
29- Maysa, M. Hatata and E. Adel Abdel-Aal. 2008. Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms in Response to Cadmium Treatments. American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci. 4: 655-669.
30- McEldowney, S., Hardman, D.J. and Waite, S. 1993. Treatment Technologies. In Pollution Ecology and Biotreatment Technologies (Edited by S. McEldowney J. Hardman, and S. Waite). Longman Singapore Publishers, Singapore.
31- Michalak, A. 2006. Phenolic Compounds and Their Antioxidant Activity in Plants Growing under Heavy Metal Stress.Polish J. of Environ. Stud. 15: 523-530.
32- Mittova, V., Volokita, M., Guy, M., Tal, M. 2000. Activities of SOD and the ascorbate-glutathione cycle enzymes in subcellular compartments in leaves and roots of the cultivated tomato and its wild salt-tolerant relative Lycopersicon pennellii. Physiol. Plant. 110: 45.
33- Morita, S., Tasaka, M., Fujisawa, H., Ushimaru, T. and Tsuji, H. 1994. A cDNA clone encoding a rice catalase isozyme. Plant Physiol. 105: 1015-1016.
34- Paglia, D.E. and Valentine W.N. 1987. Studies on the quantitative and qualitative characterization of glutathion proxidase. J. Lab. Med.70:158-165.
35- Page, A.L., Miler, R.H. and Keeney, D.R. 1982. Methods of soil analysis, 2. Chemical and microbiological properties.American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin.
36- Pais, I.J. and Benton Jones, J.R. 1997. The hand book of trace elements. Publishing by: St. Luice Press Boca Raton Florida.
37- Polle, A. 2001. Dissectionof the superoxide dismutase-ascorbate-glutathione pathway by metabolic modeling: computer analysis as a step towards flux analysis. Plant Physiol.126: 445-462.
38- Prasad, K.V.S.K., Saradhi, P.P. and Sharmila, P. 1999. Concerted action of antioxidant enzymes and curtailed growth under zinc toxicity in Brassica juncea. Environ. Exp. Bot. 42: 1-10.
39- Ramadevi, S. and Prasad M.N.V. 1998. Copper toxicity in Ceratophyllum demeresum L. (Coontail), a free floating macrophyte: Response of antioxidant enzymes and antioxidants. Plant Sci. 138: 157.
40- Schutzendubel, A. and Polle, A. 2002. Plant responses to abiotic stress: heavy metal-induced oxidative stress and protection by mycorrhization. J. Exp. Botany. 53: 1351-1365.
41- Shah, K., Kumar, R.G., Verma, S. and Dubey, R.S. 2001. Effect of cadmium on lipid peroxidation, superoxide anion generation and activities of antioxidant enzymes in growing rice seedlings. Plant Sci. 161: 1135-1144.
42- Sharma, S.S., Kaul, S., Metwally, A., Goyal, K.C., Finkemeier, I. and Dietz, K.J. 2004. Cadmium toxicity to barley (Hordeum vulgar) as affected by varying Fe nutritional status. Plant Sci. 166: 1287- 1295.
43- Somashekaraiah, B.V., Padmaja, K.and Prasad, A.R.K. 1992. Phytotoxicity of cadmium ions on germinating seedlings of mung bean (Phaseolus vulgaris): involvement of lipid peroxides. in chlorophyll degradation. Physiologia Plantarum. 85: 85–9.
44- Stroinski A. and Kozlowska, M. 1997. Cadmium induced oxidative stress in potato tuber. Acta. Soc. Bot. Pol. 66: 189-195.
45- Tamàs, L., Dudíková, J., Ďurčeková, K., Huttová, J., Mistrík, I. and Zelinová, V. 2008. The impact of heavy metals on the activity of some enzymes along the barley root.Environ. Exp. Bot. 62: 86- 91.
46- Wagner, G. 1993. Accumulation of cadmium in crop plants and its consequences to human health. Advances in Agronomy.51: 173–211.
47- Wojtaszek, P. 1997. Oxidative burst: an early plant response to pathogen infection. Biochem. J. 322: 681.
48- Weast, R.C. 1984. CRC Handbook of chemistry and physics, 64th edn. Boca Raton, CRC Press.
49- Yamamoto, Y. , Hachia, A. and Matsumoto, H. 1997. Oxidative damage to membranes by a combination of aluminum and iron in suspension-cultured tobacco cells. Plant Cell Physiology.38: 1333-1339.
50- Yamasaki, H., Sakihama, Y., Ikehara, N. 1997. Flavonoid-peroxidase reaction as a detoxification mechanism of plant cell against H2O2. Plant Physiol. 115: 1405.
51- Zhang, J. and Kirkham, M.B. 1994. Drought-stress induced changes in activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase in wheat species. Plant Cell Physiol. 35: 785-791.
