بررسی اثر تنش خشکی بر عملکرد و اجزاء عملکرد جو تحت روش‎های مختلف خاکورزی

محورهای موضوعی : یافته های نوین کشاورزی

کامی کابوسی ¹ , سعید رضایی نژاد ² , آسیه سیاهمرگویی ³

1 - استادیار دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد گرگان
2 - گروه کشاورزی، واحد گرگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرگان، ایران
3 - استادیار دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1394/10/23 تاریخ پذیرش : 1394/10/23 تاریخ انتشار : 1394/06/01

کلید واژه: تنش خشکی, آبیاری, جو, خاکورزی,

چکیده مقاله :

به منظور بررسی اثر تنش خشکی بر عملکرد و اجزاء عملکرد گیاه جو تحت روش‎های مختلف خاکورزی در شهرستان گرگان، آزمایشی به صورت کرت‎های خرد شده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در 3 تکرار در فصل زراعی 92-1391 اجرا گردید. عامل اصلی روش‌های مختلف خاکورزی شامل شخم با گاوآهن برگردان دار، شخم با گاوآهن قلمی، دو بار دیسک و بی خاکورزی و عامل فرعی مقادیر مختلف آبیاری در مرحله 50% ظهور سنبله به میزان 100% ظرفیت زراعی، 75% ظرفیت زراعی، 50% ظرفیت زراعی و بدون آبیاری بود. نتایج نشان داد تنش خشکی باعث تأخیر در بروز مراحل فنولوژیکی و کاهش ارتفاع گیاه، طول سنبله، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیکی و شاخص برداشت گردید. خاکورزی با گاوآهن قلمی تعداد روز تا بروز مراحل فنولوژیکی را کاهش داد. همچنین این تیمار منجر به افزایش کمی صفات تعداد سنبله در بوته، تعداد دانه در سنبله و تعداد دانه در مترمربع گردید. ارتفاع گیاه در تیمارهای دو بار دیسک و بی خاکورزی به طور معنی داری کمتر از تیمارهای خاکورزی با گاوآهن قلمی و برگردان دار بود. در تیمارهای خاکورزی حفاظتی به روش دو بار دیسک و بی خاکورزی کاهش وزن هزار دانه به ترتیب به میزان 3/2 و 8 درصد نسبت به تیمار خاکورزی با گاوآهن برگردان دار مشاهده گردید اما این کاهش معنی دار نبود. بیش‌ترین میزان عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیکی و شاخص برداشت به ترتیب به میزان 3049 و 9322 کیلوگرم بر هکتار و 51/32 تحت شرایط استفاده از گاوآهن قلمی مشاهده شد که اختلاف آن با سایر روش ها معنی دار بود.

چکیده انگلیسی:

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of drought stress using four different tillage methods on yield and yield components of hullessbarley in Gorgan, Iran region. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement with three replications was carried during 2012-13 growing season. The main factor for different methods of tillage was including moldboard plow, chisel plow, disc plow and no-tillage and sub- factor was including irrigation at ear emergence stage amount 100, 75 and 50 percent of field capacity and no irrigation. Results showed that drought stress caused a delay in the occurrence of phenological stages and reduces plant height, spike length, grain weight, grain and biological yield and harvest index. Tillage with chisel reduces days to the occurrence of phenological stages. This treatment also resulted in increasing yield per spike, number of grains per spike and number of grains per square meter. Plant height was significantly lower in disc plow and no-tillage treatments than chisel and moldboard plow. Conservation tillage reduced thousand green weights but this reduction was not significant. Biological and grain yield and harvest index was maximized chisel plow treatment and its difference with other methods was significant.

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