Chemical Composition of Hexane Extract of Different Parts of Anthemis talyschensis and its Potential to Use in Sunscreen Products

محورهای موضوعی :

Alireza Motavalizadehkakhky ¹ (Department of Chemistry, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran)
Ali Shafaghat ² (Department of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran)
Jamshid Mehrzad ³ (Department of Chemistry, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran)
Masoud Shafaghatlonbar ⁴ (Department of Chemistry, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran)
Farzaneh Azimi ⁵ (Agriculture Research Center, Ardabil, Iran)
Zohreh Ebrahimi ⁶ (Department of Chemistry, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran)
Abollfazl Sakeri ⁷ (Department of Pharmacognosy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad, Iran)

تاریخ دریافت : 1395/03/17 تاریخ پذیرش : 1397/08/07 تاریخ انتشار : 1395/03/17

کلید واژه: Hexane Extract, Anthemis talyschensis, Unsaturated fatty acid, UV light, Sunscreen,

چکیده مقاله :

In this study, both the presence and concentration of some unsaturated compounds in hexane extracts of different parts of Anthemis talyschensis showing absorption at wavelength 280-450 nm were surveyed, with the view of possibly using extracts of this plant in new formulations of sunscreen creams. The hexane extracts of flower, leaf and stem of A. talyschensis, collected from Northwest Iran, were obtained using a Soxhlet apparatus. The fatty acids were derivatized to methyl esters and were determined by gas chromatography/flame ionization detector (GC/FID) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) systems. The chemical analysis resulted in identification of 14, 9 and 29 constituents, comprising about 99.5, 97.1 and 98.2% of the total constituents in hexane extracts of flower, leaf and stem, respectively. The main unsaturated constituents in the hexane extract of A. talyschensis flower were 9, 12-octadecadienoic acid, 9-octadecenoic acid and 6, 9, 12-octadecatrienoic acid; while the leaf's extract contained 9, 12-octadecadienoic acid and 9-octadecenoic acid; no unsaturated compounds were detected in the stem. The ratios of unsaturated fatty acid /saturated fatty acid were 13.6, 9.3 and 0 in extracts of the flower, leaf and stem, respectively, but the total amounts in the leaf were much greater. It can be concluded the leaf extract is more likely to be suitable for producing sunscreens creams than others.

منابع و مأخذ:

1. Evans W.C., Trase and Evans Pharmacognosy, 15th ed., Saunders, Edinburgh, 2000.
2. Soukand R., Raal A., 2008. How the name Arnica was borrowed into Estonian. Trames. 12, 29ââ‚‌“39.
3. Uzel A., Guvensen A., Cetin E., 2004. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of Anthemis xylopoda O. Schwarz from Turkey. J Ethnopharm. 95, 151.
4. Saroglou V., Dorizas N., Kypriotakis Z., Skaltasa H.D., 2006. Analysis of the essential oil composition of eight Anthemis species from Greece. J Chromatogr A. 1104, 313-22.
5. Bremer K., 1994. Asteraceae, Cladistics and Classification. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon. 750 pp.
6. Bremer K., Humphries C.J., 1993. Generic monograph of the Asteraceae-Anthemideae. Bull Nat Hist Mus Lond (Bot.), 23(2), 71-177.
7. Kudryashev S., 1932. Essential oils from wild plants of the central region of the Gissar Mountains. Parfums de France. 12, 98ââ‚‌“101.
8. Mozaffarian V., Dictionary of Iranian Plant Names, Farhang Moaser Publishers, Tehran, Iran, 2007.
9. Aboee-Mehrizi F., Farjam M.H., Rustaiyan A., 2013. Eugenol-rich essential oil of Anthemis mazandranica and its antibacterial activities. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol. 7(35), 2528-2530.
10. Samadi N., Manayi A., Vazirian M., Samadi M., Zeinalzadeh Z., Saghari Z., Abadian N., Mozaffarian V., Khanavi M., 2012. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Anthemis altissima L. var. altissima. Nat Prod Res. 26(20), 1931ââ‚‌“1934.
11. Rustaiyan A., Azar P.A., Moradalizadeh M., Masoudi S., Ameri N., 2004. Volatile constituents of three compositae herbs: Anthemis altissima L. var. altissima Conyza Canadensis (L.) Cronq. and Grantina aucheri Boiss. Growing Wild in Iran. J Essent Oil Res. 16, 579-581.
12. Vakili E., Amjad L., Karbasizade V., 2013. Antibacterial properties of Anthemis gayana leaves essential oil. Intl J Agri Crop Sci. 5(13), 1464-1467.
13. Klimes I., Lamparsky D., Scholz E., 1981. Occurrence of new bifunctional esters in Roman Camomile oil (Anthemis nobilis L.). Helv Chim Acta. 64 (7), 2338-2349.
14. Melegari M., Albasini A., Pecorari P., Vampa G., Rinaldi M., Rossi T.B.A., 1988. Chemical characteristics and pharmacological properties of the essential oils of Anthemis nobilis. Fitoterapia. 59, 449-455.
15. Hasebe A., Oomura T., 1989. The constituents of the essential oil of Anthemis nobilis L. (Roman chamomile). Koryo. 161, 93-101.
16. Fauconnier M.L., Jahiri M., Marlier M., Roggemans-Wathelet J.P., Lognay G., Severin M., Homes J., Shimomura K., 1993. Essential oil production by Anthemis nobilis L. Tissue Culture. J Plant Physiol. 141, 759-761.
17. Fauconnier M.L., Jaziri M., Homes J., Shimomura K., Marlier M., 1996. Anthemis nobilis L. (Roman Chamomille): In vitro culture, micropropagation, and the production of essential oil. Biotechnol Agric For. 37, 16.
18. Povilaityte V., Venskutonis P.R., 2000. Antioxidative activity of purple peril (Perilla frutescens L.), Moldavian Dragonhead (Draco cephalum moldavica L.) and Roman Chamomile (Anthemis nobilis L.) extracts in rapeseed oil. J Am Oil Chem Soc. 77, 951.
19. Povilaityte V., Venskutonis P.R., Jukneviciene G., 2001. Aroma and antioxidant properties of Roman Chamomile (Anthemis nobilis L.). Special publication, 274, Royal Society of Chemistry. 567.
20. Teixeira Duarte M.C., Glyn M.F., Adilson S., Vera L.G., 2005. Demarmelina C. Anti-candida activity of Brazilian medicinal plants. J Ethno pharm. 97, 305-311.
21. Savin K., Ivanic R., Miric M., 1981. Anthemis ruthenica M.B., Composition of its volatile oil. Acta Pharm Yugoslav. 31, 243.
22. Bulatovic V., Mencovic N., Vajs V., Milosavljevic S., Djokovic D., 1997. Essential oils of Anthemis carpatica. J Essent Oil Res. 9, 397- 400.
23. Bulatovic V.M., Menkovic N.R., Vajs V.E., Milosavljevic S.M., Djokovic D.D., 1998. Essential oil of Anthemis Montana. J Essent Oil Res. 10, 223-226.
24. Grace M.H., 2002. Chemical composition and biological activity of the volatiles of Anthemis melampodina and Plucheadios coridis. Phytother Res. 16, 183.
25. Vaverkova S., Holla M., Masterova I., Tekel J., 1998. The effect of herbicides on the qualitative properties of healing plants. CeskaSlov Farm. 47, 40.
26. Holla M., Svajdlenka E., Vaverkova S., Zibrunova B., Jozef T., Harvranek E., 2000. Composition of the oil from the flower heads of Anthemis tinctoria L. cultivated in Slovak Republic. J Essent Oil Res. 12, 714-716.
27. Sarruf F.D., Peres D.D., Nishikawa D.O., Consiglieri V.O., Kaneko T.M., Velasco M.V.R., Baby A.R., 2013. Assessment of in vitro Sun Protection Factor (SPF) and rheological profile of commercial infant sunscreens. Rev Cienc Farm Basica Apl. 34(1), 33-36.
28. Velasco M.V.R., Sarruf F.D., Salgado-Santos I.M.N., Haroutiounian-Filho C.A., Kaneko T.M., Baby A.R., 2008. Broad Spectrum Bioactive Sunscreens. Int J Pharm. 363 (1-2), 50-7.
29. DHHS-Department of Health and Human Services. Food and Drug Administration - FDA.21 CRF parts 201 and 310. Labeling and effectiveness testing; sunscreen drug products for over-the-conter human use; Final Rule. Silver Spring, Federal Register. 2011, 76 (117), 46.
30. Sax B.W., Educating Consumers about sun protection. Pharm. Times, New York. 2000, 66(5): 48-50.
31. CIE (International Commission on Illumination) Research Note 1987, A reference action spectrum for ultraviolet induced erythema in human skin, CIE J. 6, pp. 1722. Also contained in Joint ISO/CIE Standard ISO 17166: 1999/CIE S007, 1998.
32. Kolm I., Hofbauer G., Braun R.P., 2010. Early diagnosis of skin cancer. Ther Umsch. 67(9), 439-446.
33. Narayanan D.L., Saladi R.N., Fox J.L., 2010. Ultraviolet radiation and skin cancer. Int J Dermatol. 49(9), 978-986.
34. Chang N.B., Feng R., Gao Z., Gao W., 2010. Skin cancer incidence is highly associated with ultraviolet-B radiation history. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 213(5), 359-368.
35. Dutra E.A., Oliveira A.G.D.C., Kedor-Hackmann E.R.M., Miritello Santoro M.I.R., 2004. Determination of sun protection factor (SPF) of sunscreens by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 40(3), 381-385.
36. Sayre R.M., Agin P.P., Levee G.J., Marlowe E., 1979. Comparison of in vivo and in vitro testing of sunscreening formulas. Photochem Photobiol Oxford. 29, 559-566.
37. Adams R.P. Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography / mass spectrometry. 4th Ed. Allured Publishing Co. Carol Stream, Illinois, 2007.
38. Chiari B.G., Trovatti E. Pecoraro E. , Correa M.A., Cicarelli R.M.B., Ribeiro S.J.L. , Isaac V.L.B., 2014. Synergistic effect of green coffee oil and synthetic sunscreen for health care application. Industrial Crops and Products. 52, 389ââ‚‌“ 393.
39. Matsui M.S., Hsia A., Miller J.D., Hanneman K., Scull H., Cooper K.D., Baron E., 2009. Non-sunscreen photoprotection: antioxidants add value to a sunscreen. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc. 14(1), 56ââ‚‌“59.
40. Butt S.T., Christensen T., 2000. Toxicity and phototoxicity of chemical sun ïÂ‌lters. Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 91(1ââ‚‌“3), 283ââ‚‌“286.
41. Gregoris E., Fabris S., Bertelle M., Grassato L., Stevanato R., 2011. Propolis as potential cosmeceutical sunscreen agent for its combined photoprotective and antioxidant properties. Int J Pharm. 405 (1ââ‚‌“2), 97ââ‚‌“101.
42. Devasagayam T., Tilak J., Boloor K., Sane K.S., Ghaskadbi S.S., Lele R., 2004. Free radicals and antioxidants in human health: current status and future prospects. JAPI. 52, 794ââ‚‌“804.
43. Khalaf N.A., Shakya A.K., Al-Othman A., El-Agbar Z., Farah H., 2008. Antioxidant activity of some common plants. Turk J Biol. 32 (1), 51ââ‚‌“55.
44. Vaverkova S., Haban M., Eerna K., 2001. Qualitative properties of Anthemis tinctoria and Anthemis nobilis,(Chamaemelum nobile) under different environmental conditions. Ecophysiology of plant production processes in stress conditions. In Proceedings of the fourth international conference (pp. 1ââ‚‌“2), Ra ckova dolina, Slovakia, September, 12ââ‚‌“14.