The Effect of a Health Education Intervention on Salivary Cotinine Levels among Guilds of Chabahar, Iran
محورهای موضوعی :Mohammad Saeed Jadgal 1 , Hadi Alizadeh-Siuki 2 , Tahmineh Salehian 3 , Moradali Zareipour 4 , Ehasn Movahed 5 , Iraj Zareban 6
1 - Tropical and communicable diseases research center, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran |Department of Public Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr Iran
2 - Department of Public Health, School of Health, Torbatheydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbatheydariyeh, Iran
3 - Tropical and communicable diseases research center, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran |Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Iranshahr University of Medical Science and health services, Iranshahr, Iran
4 - Department of Health System Research, Urmia Health Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urima, Iran
5 - Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
6 - Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
کلید واژه: intervention, Guilds, Smokeless Tobacco, Cotinine,
چکیده مقاله :
In general, cotinine is taken into account as one of the stable metabolites of nicotine. The most common application of this biomarker is to measure tobacco exposure. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a health education intervention on salivary cotinine levels among Chabahar guilds.The present investigation was a quasi-experimental study design with one intervention group. The population study has been performed on the guilds of all classes in Chabahar city in 2019. A total of 320 participants were selected by the simple random sampling method. The baseline cotinine contents were determined for 150 participants by the random sampling technique. The intervention was performed in three training sessions using group discussion methods, lectures, imagery, documentation, brainstorming, and social media (WhatsApp). After six months from the intervention, the consumption behaviors were measured in the same 320 participants. Also, the cotinine levels were measured in the same 150 participants. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical tests in SPSS statistical software version 20.In the post-intervention phase, 34.4% of guilds reported that they did not use SLT, and a significant relationship was observed between consumption status before and after the intervention (P 0.001). Also, the mean score of salivary cotinine significantly dropped from 588.02 ± 344.4 m m-1 to 240.19 ± 300.8 m m-1 in the post-intervention stage (P 0.001).The cessation of SLT products in the present study and a significant reduction in cotinine levels in the post-intervention phase were compared to the pre-intervention phase. The results confirmed the effect of a health education intervention on the participants. It is suggested that the researchers measure the levels of cotinine in addition to the self-report questionnaire.
1. Niaz K., Maqbool F., Khan F., Bahadar H., Ismail Hassan F., Abdollahi M., 2017. Smokeless tobacco (paan and gutkha) consumption, prevalence, and contribution to oral cancer. Epidemiology and Health. 39, e2017009.
2. Gajalakshmi V., Kanimozhi V., 2015. Tobacco Chewing and Adult Mortality: a Case-control Analysis of 22,000 Cases and 429,000 Controls, Never Smoking Tobacco and Never Drinking Alcohol, in South India. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention. 16, 1201-1206.
3. Siddiqi K., Shah S., Abbas S.M., Vidyasagaran A., Jawad M., Dogar O., Sheikh A., 2015. Global burden of disease due to smokeless tobacco consumption in adults: analysis of data from 113 countries. BMC Medicine. 13, 194-199.
4. Mazloomy Mahmoodabad S.S., Jadgal M.S., Zareban I., Fallahzadeh H., 2019. Smokeless tobacco consumption awareness, attitude and behavior among guilds of Chabahar, Iran. Medical Science. 23, 262-268.
5. Asha V., Dhanya M., 2015. Immunochromatographic Assessment of Salivary Cotinine and Its Correlation with Nicotine Dependence in Tobacco Chewers. Journal of Cancer Prevention. 20, 159-163.
6. Mahmoodabad S.S.M., Jadgal M.S, Zareban I., Zadeh H.F., 2019. The Determinants of Salivary Cotinine Concentration in Smokeless Tobacco Users. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences. 7, 810-815.
7. Mazloomy Mahmoodabad S., Jadgal M., Zareban I., Fallahzadeh H., 2020. The Status of Smokeless Tobacco Use and its Associated Factors among the Business Guilds Population of Chabahar. The Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice. 18, 27-36.
8. Patel V.D., Jadhav K.B., Shah V.S., Gupta N.D., 2017. Comparative assessment of salivary cotinine level and psychological dependence among tobacco users. Dental Research Journal. 14, 125-130.
9. Raja M., Garg A., Yadav P., Jha K., Handa S., 2016. Diagnostic Methods for Detection of Cotinine Level in Tobacco Users: A Review. Journal of Clinical Diagnostic Research. 10, 24-36.
10. Jadgal M.S., Sayedrajabizadeh S., Sadeghi S., Nakhaei- Moghaddam T., 2020. Effectiveness of Nutrition Education for Elementary School Children Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior. Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science. 8, 308-317.
11. Panahi R., Ramezankhani A., Dashtbani F., Javanmardi K., Javanmardi E., Anbari M., 2020. Effect of Health Belief Model based education on health literacy and smoking prevention among students. Journal of Health in the Field. 7, 47-58.
12. Karimiankakolaki Z., Mazloomy Mahmoodabad S.S., Kazemi A., Fallahzadeh H., 2019. Designing an educational intervention on second-hand smoke in smoker men on the exposure of pregnant wives: a protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Reproductive Health. 16, 11-19.
13. Bobrowska-Korzeniowska M., Jerzyńska J., Mitał M., Podlecka D., Brzozowska A., Stelmach I., 2020. Effectiveness of ongoing face-to-face anti-tobacco intervention in children with asthma. Allergy and Asthma Proceeding. 41, 198-203.
14. Hutchinson S.G., van Breukelen G., van Schayck C.P., Essers B., Hammond S.K., Muris J.W.M., Feron F.J.M., Dompeling E., 2017. Motivational interviewing and urine cotinine feedback to stop passive smoke exposure in children predisposed to asthma: a randomised controlled trial. Scientific Reports. 7, 15473.
15. Ratschen E., Thorley R., Jones L., Opazo Breton M., Cook J., McNeill A., Britton J., Coleman T., Lewis S. A., 2018. A randomised controlled trial of a complex intervention to reduce children's exposure to secondhand smoke in the home. Tobacco Control. 27, 155-162.
16. Ismail S., Abdul Rahman H., Abidin E.Z., Isha A.S., Abu Bakar S., Zulkifley N.A., Fuad A. F., 2016. The effect of faith-based smoking cessation intervention during Ramadan among Malay smokers. Qatar Medicine Journal. 2, 16-26.
17. Fattahi E., Tavousi M., Niknami S.h., Zareban I, Hidarnia A., 2013. Effectiveness of an educational intervention for reducing Paan consumption among adolescents. Payesh. 12, 109-116.
18. Rabiei M., Rahbar Taramsar M., Sadegh Kanjani M., Kazemnezhad Leyli E., Masoudi Rad H., Jafari Farshami M., 2014. Comparison of Salivary Cotinine Concentration in Cigarette Smokers, Water Pipe Smokers and Non–Smokers. Journal of Islamic Dental Association of Iran. 26, 39-45.
19. Müssener U., Bendtsen M., Karlsson N., White I.R., McCambridge J., Bendtsen P., 2016. Effectiveness of Short Message Service Text-Based Smoking Cessation Intervention among University Students: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Internal Medicine. 176, 321-328.
20. Lin Y., Wang L.X., Qiu L.X., Huang Q., Shu Q., Lin H.X., Meng X., Zeng X.L., Xiao L.X., Bam T.S., Chiang C.Y., 2015. A smoking cessation intervention among tuberculosis patients in rural China. Public Health Action. 5, 183-187.
21. Whittaker R., McRobbie H., Bullen C., Rodgers A., Gu Y., 2016. Mobile phone-based interventions for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database System Review. 4, CD006611.
22. Stead L.F., Lancaster T., 2012. Combined pharmacotherapy and behavioural interventions for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database System Review. 10, CD008286.
23. Cahill K., Lancaster T., 2014. Workplace interventions for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database System Review. 2, CD003440.
24. Cupertino A.P., Cartujano-Barrera F., Ramírez M., Rodríguez-Bolaños R., Thrasher J.F., Pérez-Rubio G., Falfán-Valencia R., Ellerbeck E.F., Reynales-Shigematsu L.M., 2019. A Mobile Smoking Cessation Intervention for Mexico: Single-Arm Pilot Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 7, e12482.
25. Liao Y., Wu Q., Kelly B.C., Zhang F., Tang Y.Y., Wang Q., Ren H., Hao Y., Yang M., Cohen J., Tang J., 2018. Effectiveness of a text-messaging-based smoking cessation intervention ("Happy Quit") for smoking cessation in China: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS Med. 15, e1002713.
26. Kim S.S., Sitthisongkram S., Bernstein K., Fang H., Choi W.S., Ziedonis D., 2016. A randomized controlled trial of a videoconferencing smoking cessation intervention for Korean American women: preliminary findings. International journal of women's health. 8, 453-462.
27. Rigotti N.A., Tindle H.A., Regan S., Levy D.E., Chang Y., Carpenter K.M., Park E.R., Kelley J.H., Streck J.M., Reid Z.Z., Ylioja T., Reyen M., Singer D.E. 2016. A Post-Discharge Smoking-Cessation Intervention for Hospital Patients: Helping Hand Randomized Clinical Trial. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 51, 597-608.
28. Li W.H.C., Ho K.Y., Wang M.P., Cheung D.Y.T., Lam K.K.W., Xia W., Cheung K.Y., Wong C.K.H., Chan S.S.C., Lam T.H., 2020. Effectiveness of a Brief Self-determination Theory-Based Smoking Cessation Intervention for Smokers at Emergency Departments in Hong Kong: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Internal Medicine. 180, 206-214.
29. Chen J., Ho E., Jiang Y., Whittaker R., Yang T., Bullen C. A., 2020. Mobile Social Network-Based Smoking Cessation Intervention for Chinese Male Smokers: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Research Protocols. 9, e18071.
